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nutrition. Its price makes it unlikely to be used widely as a secondary text, especially since its rather eclectic content dictates that most readers, and most teachers, will pick and choose from the contributed chapters.

Nutritional Anthropology, as the editor makes clear in the preface, reflects an emerging discipline that is primarily biolog- ical in orientation (as opposed to the anthropology of food, which is primarily social and cultural). The volume is organized into four sections: Evolution, Adaptation, and Variation; Methodological Concerns in Nutri- tional Anthropology; Nutrition and the Life Cycle; and Anthropology, Nutrition, and Ecology. The first section contains a paper by Kathleen Gordon reviewing the evidence regarding the composition of human diets from the early hominids through the early post-Pleistocene era. Her perspective is evo- lutionary, and the paper serves as a good introduction to this field. The other paper in this section, by Sol Katz, reviews biological and behavioral adaptations to modern cultigens. The second section, on Method- ological Concerns, contains three useful re- view papers on dietary methodology, nutri- tional status assessment, and assessment of physical activity and energy expenditure, by Sara Quandt, John Himes, and Angelo Tremblay and Claude Bouchard, respectively. These chapters serve as very adequate introductions to these topics for the student unfamiliar with methodologies in nutrition, and they no doubt will be widely recommended readings.

The third section includes broad reviews of nutrition in the reproductive years (by Linda Adair), a chapter by Judith Gussler on infant feeding, and chapters on Nutrition and Growth by Bob Malina and on Nutrition and Aging by Cynthia Beall. Gussler’s con-

tribution is more overtly cultural in orientation than most of the volume, and Beall’s has a comparative, evolutionary cast. The final section contains papers on iron deficiency and mental development by Er- nesto Pollitt, on obesity by Manuel Pena and colleagues, and on intervention to im- prove nutrition by John Townsend. Pollitt’s paper is probably the only one in the book that nutrition scientists will find of primary interest; it serves as a nice model for integration of methodological and substan- tive material.

One wishes for some editorial commentary along the way to clarify the intended audi- ence and to provide linkage among the various chapters. The editor’s long experience in the field is reflected in his choice of contributors and in the generally readable and consistent style; some of his own perspective would have been an excellent addition.

This volume provides useful overviews of key areas in nutrition that are of interest to anthropologists, and most of the chapters could be used as introductory material to various nutrition-related topics for students of anthropology. It will not serve the opposite purpose, that is, to introduce students of nutrition to the content and theoretical orientation of anthropology. The bridge it provides is primarily one-way. However, given the proliferation of courses in nutritional and medical anthropology, it constitutes a welcome resource.

GAIL HARRISON Department of Family and

Community Medicine University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona

BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN MIGRATION. Edited by C.G.N. Mascie-Taylor and G.W. Lasker. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1988. viii + 263 pp., figures, tables, index. $39.60 (cloth).

With human migration occurring more rapidly today than ever before, C.G.N. Mascie-Taylor and G.W. Lasker’s collection of eight essays on the biological aspects of human migration is an important contrib- ution. The book is useful for anyone interested in the diverse methods and

theories inherent in the current literature that address this complex phenomenon.

After defining migration narrowly (in chapter one) as the geographical displace- ment of people to a different locale, Mascie- Taylor and Lasker explain that the organizing principle governing the selection of the range of topics included in the book concerns the biological effects of that movement on the recipient and donor populations. In their review of the history of migration studies, Mascie-Taylor and Lasker say, furthermore, that the diversity of

536 BOOK REVIEWS

research topics represented in the book derives from historical changes in the literature in regard to assumptiions about migration and the development of human diversity. The current multiplicity of studies on the biological effects of human migration on recipient and donor populations is a reflection of the complexity inherent in the phenomenon itself.

Three chapters focus on the most prevalent form of migration today, rural to urban migration. In chapter 5, Bogin reviews the literature on such biological effects of the migration on the growth and development, fertility, demography, and morbidity and mortality of the migrating population, as well as the biological impact of the migration on the rural population from which the migrants derived. He concludes his thorouglh exegesis with a flow-chart illustrating the processes involved in current rural-to-urban adapta- tion. In chapter 7, Little and Baker analyze numerous migration studies in various geographic regions-Mexico, Central and South America, Asia, Africa, and the Pacific-in relation to three hypotheses that refine our knowledge of the biological implications of human migration. The role of migration among migrant laborers as a fac- tor in disease dissemination is the focus of chapter 8, by Kaplan. Particularly note- worthy is Kaplan’s analysis of the Western diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, hyper- tension, coronary heart disease, mental ill- ness, and cancer, that are contracted by the migrants to urban areas. In addition to an exhaustive review of the literature, each of these chapters presents a critical analysis of current models, methods, and data in relation to rural-to-urban migration.

Two specific methodological issues in studying the biology of human migration are thoroughly covered in chapters 3 and 4. In chapter 3, Roberts addresses the uses and usefulness of official documents, such as census records, for examining the demo- graphic and genetic features of the migration process. The enhanced genetic adaptability of the Black Carib new hybrid population and the importance of the size of the breeding population in human evolution are the two

conclusions of this essay. Moreover, after describing the properties of island-models of migration, Raspe in chapter 4 applies the models to the five islands of Scilly near Cornwall, England.

An evolutionary perspective in relation to human migration and human diversity is provided in chapter 2. After comparing the literature in relation to the diversity within and between Australia and America, and the time depth and nature of entry routes in relation to the biological diversity that devel- oped on the two continents, Laughlin and Harper examine the question of evolution in the two areas. They conclude that there is presumptive evidence for continuity from Pi- thecanthropus to contemporary mongoloids (and thus American Indians) and continuity from Sinanthropus to Australian and New Guinea aborigines. An evolutionary frame- work is also presented in chapter 6 by Weiss in his exegesis on the types of migration- gene flow, invasion, and demic diffusion-in the evolution of human diversity at six im- portant time periods of human migration. En- compassing a time ranging from the expan- sion of hominids from Africa to Eurasia to the mass migration and expansion of urban- ized states, Weiss ends with a critique of the literature on the origin of the major human races. Weiss concludes that much of current human diversity is directly traceable to re- cent large-scale migration.

In conclusion, the authors of this collection describe and define theoretical insights, methodological strategies, and substantive data that are both current and important for understanding the biological implications of human migration on both the donor and recipient populations. In addition, it is well organized, clearly written, and full of interesting data, ideas, and interpretations. It is an important book that raises and examines issues a t the forefront of physical anthropology.

MIKEL GARCIA Human Services Program California State at Fullerton Fullerton, California

THE BOG MAN AND THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF The “bog man” to which Brothwell’s title PEOPLE. By D. Brothwell. Cambridge, MA: refers is a body discovered in 1984 at Lindow Harvard University Press. 1987. 128 pp., Bog in Cheshire, England. Lindow Man figures, tables, index. $20.00 (cloth), $9.95 consists of a body from the waist up and a (paper). detached lower leg. Skin, hair, and nails were