biological control of the annual bluegrass weevil in new jersey b. a. mcgraw and a. koppenhöfer
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Biological Control of the Annual Bluegrass Weevil
in New Jersey
B. A. McGraw and A. Koppenhöfer
Listronotus maculicollis
• Single most destructive insect pest on golf course turfgrass in the NE, U.S.
• Primarily feeds on annual bluegrass, a prevalent grass weed on golf courses
• Managed preventatively with pyrethroids
ABW Development
Vittum et al. 1999
Cameron and Johnson, 1971
Annual BluegrassPoa annua
• Highly invasive grass weed found cool-temperate regions
• Performs well under close mowing
• Performs poorly in heat/drought stress
ABW Damage
New Jersey Survey for Infected ABW
Infection of ABW by endemic EPNs
Late-stage infection by endemic nematodesin ABW larva.
Early-stage infections in ABW larva and late stage infection in pupa.
Entomopathogenic nematode life cycleEntomopathogenic nematode life cycle
Survey for natural pathogens of ABW in NJ
County# GC
sampled
# of areas
sampled w/ ABW
w/ EPN- infected ABW
w/ EPN in soil
Bergen 4 19 9 1 0
Morris 2 5 2 0 0
Essex 2 15 0 0 2
Middlesex 1 6 2 0 1
Monmouth 2 58 37 3 27
Total 11 103 50 4 30% Total - - 49 8* 29
EPN in Soil: 34% H. bacteriophora, 66% S. carpocapsaeABW infections: 98% H. bacteriophora, 2% S. carpocapsae
Seasonal Dynamics
Seasonal dynamics of ABW and infectionsby endemic EPN in GC fairways
Pine Brook GC, Manalapan, NJ
Jun 9Jun 16
Jun 23Jul 1 Jul 7
Jul 15Jul 21
Jul 28Aug 4
Aug 11Aug 18
No
. of
AB
W s
tag
es p
er f
t2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
EP
N-in
fected A
BW
per 10 ft 2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
AdultPupaLarva, 5thLarva, 1-4thEPN-infected
1%
1% 8%
12%
69%
Future Research
• Conduct laboratory assays against various lifestages of ABW, EPNs and environmental variables
• Conduct field trials with promising EPNs
• Monitor the impact of ABW on P. annua and overseeding on the turfgrass species
Acknowledgements:
• Technical support: E. Fuzy, M. Resnick and Z. Eagan
• Funding: GCSAA, USGA and Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science