biological oceanography

OLR(1981)28(9) 689

---geochemistry, occurrence, genesis. A symposium held at the 10th International Congress on Sedimentology in Jerusalem, Israel, 9-14 July 1978. Spec. Pubis Soc. econ. Paleont. Miner., Tulsa, 29:249pp; 20 papers.

Symposium papers cover onshore (Turkey, Israel, Anglo-Paris Basin, the Congo, Senegal) and offshore (Africa's southern and western margins, Peru, Morocco, Blake Plateau, Chatham Rise) deposits discussing such topics as abundance, enrichment, trace elements, weathering, post-depositional alter- ation, phosphate nodules, sulfur isotopes, diagenesis, authigenesis, phosphatization, glauconitization, petrography, beneficiation, apatite formation, U- series, mineralogy, etc. An hypothesis is offered for the 'episodicity of phosphate deposition and deep ocean circulation.' (izs)

81:5081 Guilcher, A. et al., 1980. Geomorphic problems of the

European continental margin. Annls Inst. oc~anogr., Paris, (n.s.)56(Suppl.):ll Ipp; 9 papers. (In French, English abstracts.)

This November 1978 colloquium (Paris) considered the current stafus of submarine geodynamics and geomorphology, interpreting shelf features with seismic reflection profiling, sand mobility, and mud-field evolution; research areas covered the English Channel and the coasts of France, Spain, Portugal and Greece. A nautical archaeology paper is included. (izs)

81:5082 Um, Sang-Ho et al., 1979. Papers presented at the

ROC-ROK workshop on regional stratigraphieal and structural studies. Mere. geol. Soc. China, Taipei, 3:258pp; 16 papers.

This second in a series of ROC-ROK meetings is mostly concerned with miscellaneous aspects of the geology of Taiwan, but contains several papers on Korean geology and Japanese-Himalayan inter- regional correlations. (fcs)

E. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

El0. Apparatus and methods

81:5083 Anderson, M.T., 1981. Improved method for sepa-

rating zooplankton from detritus. Progve Fish- Cult., 43(I):42-44.

A method using inexpensive materials (epsom salts) allows standardized, quantifiable separation and decreases sample processing time (from 6--10 h to ~0.5 h), tedium and sample dehydration by pro- longed exposure to salt solution. U.S. Dept. of Agric., School of Mines Campus, Rapid City, S.D. 57701, USA. (ahm)

81:5084 Chang, J.C., P.B. Taylor and F.R. Leach, 1981. Use

of the Microtox ® assay system for environmental samples. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 26(2): 150-156.

The Microtox * (Beckman) assay utilizes the inhi- bition of light production by rehydrated freeze-dried luminescent bacteria as a measure of the toxicity of water pollutants. Assay results are compared with known toxicities of selected pesticides, respiratory inhibitors, and other toxins. Dept. of Biochemistry, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, Okla. 74078, USA. (mjj)

81:5085 Dawson, F.H., 1981. An inexpensive photosynthetic

irradiance sensor for ecological field studies [above and below water]. Hydrobiologia, 77(1): 71-76. Freshwat. Biol. Ass., River Lab., East Stoke, Wareham, Dorset BH20 6BB, UK.

81:5086 Hockin, D.C., 1981. An apparatus to study the

colonization of sediments by the meiofauna. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 12(1):119-120.

690 E. Biological Oceanography OLR ( t981 ) 28 (9)

A lidded plastic latticed tray lined with 50 #m and 2 mm mesh is described; the finer mesh size restricts meiofaunal movement, while the larger permits migration into isolated sediment that can be considered as a habitat island. Manipulation of assem- blages is readily possible. Culterty Field Station, Univ. of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Ellon, Aberdeen- shire, Scotland.

81:5087 Jeffrey, S.W., 1981. An improved thin-layer chromato-

graphic technique for marine phytoplankton pig- ments. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(1):191-197.

A rigorously washed cellulose adsorbent is used in conjunction with n-propanol-ligroine, and chloro- form-acetone-ligroine solvent systems. The simplic- ity, speed of resolution, and adaptability of this technique recommend it. CSIRO, P.O. Box 21, Cronulla, NSW, Australia.

81:5088 Stanfield, G. and T.E. Irving, 1981. A suitable

replacement [sodium lauryi sulfate] for Teepol 610 in the selective isolation of coliforms from marine waters and sewage. War. Res., 15(4):469- 474. Water Res. Centre, Elder Way, Stevenage, Herts SG1 1TH, England.

E40. Area studies, surveys (baselines, ecology, etc.)

81:5089 Brattstr0m, Hans, 1980. Rocky-shore zonation in the

Santa Marta area, Colombia. Sarsia, 65(3/4): 163-226. Numerous color and black and white photos are included. Inst. of Mar. Biology, Univ. of Bergen, N-5065 Blomsterdalen, Norway.

81:5091 Shim, Jae Hyung, 1980. Biological oceanography of

Gamagyang Bay: the Yeoja Bay [Koreal water system, i. J. oceanol. Soc. Korea, 15(2):89-99.

q~o increase understanding of coastal water ecology and of possible effects of wastewater discharge, baseline biological studies were conducted August 1979-May 1980. Mixing is the major source of nutrients although wastewater discharges also seem to contribute significantly. Neritic diatoms predom- inate. Dept. of Oceanography, Seoul National Univ., Korea. (smf)

81:5092 Yoo, Kwang I1 and Jin Hwan Lee, 1980. Envi-

ronmental studies of Jinhae Bay IKorea]. 3. Ecological succession of phytoplankton populations, 1974-1980. J. oceanol. Soc. Korea, 15(2): 100-107. Dept. of Biology, Hanyang Univ.. Korea.

E50. General biology, ecology, biogeo- graphy, etc.

81:5093 Hawkins, S.J., 1981. The influence of season and

barnacles on the algal colonization of Patella vulgata exclusion areas. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K.. 61(1): 1-15.

Algal colonization of limpet-excluded, barnacle- covered rocks showed seasonally determined se- quences. Removal of Semibalanus (=Balanus) balanoides in addition to P. vulgata elicited dramat- ically different seasonal colonization patterns. Dept. of Zoology, Manchester Univ., UK. (ahm)

81:5090 L~innergren, Christer, 1980. Hydrography, micro-

nutrients, and phytoplankton at four stations in Hjeitefjorden, western Norway. Sarsia, 65(3/4): 287-299,

This 6-month baseline study showed: (1) little hydrographic difference between fjord and coastal waters; (2) Skeletonema costatum dominated two blooms during which the highest cell numbers, chlorophyll a concentrations and carbon assimila- tion rates were evidenced; and (3) silicate was limiting after the spring bloom while nitrogen was limiting in summer. Tjarno Marine Biol. Lab., P.O. Box 278t, S-452 00 Stromstad, Sweden. (ahm)

81:5094 Pringle, J.D. and D.J. Jones, 1980. The interaction of

lobster, scallop, and Irish moss fisheries off Borden, Prince Edward Island. Can. tech. Rept Fish. aquat. Sci., 973:17pp.

Irish moss dragraking and scallop fishing, previously considered deleterious to lobster fisheries, were shown not to be responsible for lobster declines. Studies showed dragraking over Irish moss beds caught few or no lobsters, lobsters exhibited avoidance behavior, and only 1 capture was made in 120 tows over scallop beds. Resource Branch, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Halifax, N.S. B3J 2S7, Canada. (ahm)

OLR (1981) 28 (9) E. Biological Oceanography 691

81:5095 Sommer, H.-H., 1981. Perception of constant hydro-

static pressure: a physiological basis for the vertical stratification of marine habitats. Ex- perientia, 37(2): 141-143.

Sessile Balanus balanus were subjected to a regular alternation between surface pressure and the pressure of 20 m depth, using an experimental apparatus capable of maintaining all other environmental parameters constant in a flowing water aquarium. The rate of beating of the cirri differed at the different simulated depths, suggesting the presence of a 'previously unknown sensory system with a tonic response.' Perhaps the vertical stratification of marine organisms is due to their detection of hydrostatic pressure. Zool. Inst. der Univ. Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, D-5300 Bonn I, F.R.G. (mjj)

E80. Plankton (also pr imary productivity, seston and detritus)

81:5096 Alcaraz, M., 1980. Dynamics and vertical distribution

of zooplankton biomass, expressed as organic carbon and nitrogen, C/N ratios, and detritic carbon, in a polluted coastal area. lnvestigaci6n pesq., Barcelona, 44(2):265-274. (In Spanish, English abstract.)

Little difference was observed between the values obtained for the polluted coastal area and those from samples taken offshore; total biomass for the latter was slightly higher. Inst. de Invest. Pesq. de Barcelona, Paseo Nacional, s/n Barcelona-3, Spain. (slr)

81:5097 Arinardi, O.H., 1978. Relationship between the

quantities of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the waters north of the Pari Islands group, Seribu Islands [Indonesia]. Oseanol. Indones., l 1:73-85. (In Indonesian, English abstract.) Lembaga Oseanologi Nasional, LIPl, Jakarta, Indonesia.

81:5098 Brand, L.E. and R.R.L. Guillard, 1981. The effects of

continuous light and light intensity on the reproduction rates of twenty-two species of marine phytoplankton. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 50(2/3): 119-132.

Reproduction of coastal species was unaffected or enhanced by continuous light; most oceanic species were harmed. Responses to continuous light or to different light intensities showed no general phylo- genetic trends. Biology Dept., wnoI, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA. (mjj)

81:5099 Cloern, J.E. and R.T. Cheng, 1981. Simulation model

of Skeletonema costatum population dynamics in northern San Francisco Bay, California. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 12(1):83-100.

A pseudo-two-dimensional model was used to examine processes controlling phytoplankton biomass and population dynamics in a partially mixed estuary consisting of a deep central channel and lateral shoal areas. The relative importance of biological processes and transport due to estuarine circulation differed in seaward versus landward reaches of the estuary, u.s.G.s., 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, Calif. 94205, USA. (mjj)

81:5100 Estrada, Marta, 1980. Taxonomic composition of the

phytoplankton in a coastal zone near the Besos River, Barcelona, Spain, from October 1978 to March 1979. Investigaci6n pesq., Barcelona, 44(2):275-289. (In Spanish, English abstract.) Inst. de Invest. Pesq. de Barcelona, Paseo Nacional, s/n, Barcelona 3, Spain.

81:5101 Fisher, T.R., P.R. Carlson and R.T. Barber, 1981.

Some problems in the interpretation of ammonium uptake kinetics. Mar. Biol. Letts, 2(1):33- 44.

When t-~N-labelled NH 4 is used to measure plankton uptake kinetics, particularly under conditions of rapid N recycling, possibilities exist of (l) analytical bias in measuring NH4 concentrations and (2) erroneous determination of first-order uptake kinetics due to rapid NH 4 uptake and resultant substrate exhaustion. A protocol for avoiding these problems and for measuring heterotrophic NH 4 regeneration as well as uptake rates is presented. Univ. of Maryland, Horn Point Environ. Labs., P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, Md. 21613, USA. (mjj)

81:5102 Floodgate, G.D., G.E. Fogg, D.A. Jones, K. Lochte

and C.M. Turley, 1981. Microbiological and zooplankton activity at a front in Liverpool Bay. Nature, Lond., 290(5802):133-136.

Biomass tends to be high at shallow sea fronts, where mixed and stratified bodies of water meet. An uncommon mechanism appears to cause this biomass accumulation in the Liverpool Bay front: advected suspended matter is mineralized by bacteria thereby stimulating phytoplankton growth, supporting increased zooplankton biomass and further increasing recycling rates. Dept. of Mar. Biology, Univ. College of North Wales, Menai Bridge, Gwynedd LL59 5EH, UK. (mjj)

692 E. Biological O c e a n o g r a p h y O L R ( 1981 ) 28 (9)

81:5103 Garver, J.L. and Joyce Lewin, 1981. Persistent

blooms of surf diatoms along the Pacific coast, U.S.A.I . Physical characteristics of the coastal region in relation to the distribution and abundance of the species. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 12(2):217-229. Nassau County Dept. of Health, Bur. of Water Pollut. Cont., 240 Old Country Rd., Mineola, N.Y. 11501, USA.

81:5104 Gilbert, P.M. and J.C. Goldman, 1981. Rapid

ammonium uptake by marine phytoplankton. Mar. Biol. Letts, 2(1):25-31.

Field collected marine phytoplankton rapidly incorporated pulsed NH 4 during the first few minutes of time-course incubations, indicating the importance of exploitation of nutrient micro-patches and the inadequacy of long-term N-uptake measurements in N-poor waters. Museum of Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. 02138, USA. (mjj)

81:5105 Hardy, J.T. and Melee Valett, 1981. Natural and

microcosm phytoneuston communities of Sequim Bay, Washington. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 12(1): 3-12.

Comparison of sea surface microlayer neuston with those from an experimental tank showed no significant difference in species rank order or total abundance and indicates possible laboratory use in pollution-effect studies of the air-sea interface. Battelle, Pacific Northwest Lab., Sequim, Wash. 98382, USA. (ahm)

81:5106 Hofmann, E.E., J.M. Klinck and G.-A. PaffenhOfer,

1981. Concentrations and vertical fluxes of zooplankton fecal pellets on a continental shelf. Mar. Biol., 61(4):327-335.

Modelling shows concentrations and fluxes to be dependent on producer size and consumer size and numbers. Most pellets do not reach the seafloor at 35 m depth, contributing to impoverishment of the benthos, Mesoscale Air-Sea Interaction Group, Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, Fla. 32306, USA. (slr)

81:5107 lsouchi, Tsutomu, Akihiro Imazeki and Isamu

Yamazi, 1980. Distribution of surface plankton communities around lzu Island (Japan) in summer, 1979. J. Tokyo Univ. Fish., 67(I):1-28. (In Japanese, English summary.) Includes extensive species lists. Tokyo Univ. Fish., 5-7 Konan 4, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan.

81:5108 Jusuf, S.A., 1979. Composition and variation of

zooplankton in Ambon Bay [Indonesia]. Oseanol. Indones., 12:31-43. (In Indonesian, English abstract.) Lembaga Oseanologi Nasional, LIPI, Stasiun Penelitian Ambon, Indonesia.

81:5109 Jusuf, S.A. and D.P. Praseno, 1978. Preliminary

observations on the plankton distribution in Piru Bay [Indonesia]. Oseanol. Indones., 11:37-53. (In Indonesian, English abstract.) Lembaga Oseano- logi Nasional, LIPI, Stasiun Penelitian Ambon, Indonesia.

81:5110 Keen, Robert and Raja Nassar, 1981. Confidence

intervals for birth and death rates estimated with the egg-ratio technique for natural populations of zooplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(1): 131 - 142. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Michigan Technol. Univ., Houghton, Mich. 49931, USA.

81:5111 Knauer, G.A. and J.H. Martin, 1981. Primary

production and carbon-nitrogen fluxes in the upper 1500 m of the northeast Pacific. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(1): 181-186.

The relationship between primary production and C-N concentrations in passively sinking particles was evaluated at 35, 65, 150, 500, 750, and 1500 m. Of the total carbon fixed by primary producers, ~22% reached 65 m; by the 02 minimum (500-750 m), only 3-4% remained. Decreases in both C and N fluxes relative to depth seemed to follow a 2-3 step process, with the greatest rates of change in the upper 200 m. Moss Landing Mar. Lab., P.O. Box 223, Moss Lauding, Calif. 95039, USA.

81:5112 Krishnamurthy, K., R. Santhanam, A.G. Ponniah

and A. Govindaraj, 1980. On some interesting phytoplankton from Porto Novo, south India. Nova Hedwigia, 32(4):733-743. Mar. Biol. Sta- tion of Annamalai Univ., Porto Novo 608 502, India.

81:5113 Malone, T.C. and P.J. Neale, 1981. Parameters of

light-dependent photosynthesis for phytoplankton size fractions in temperate estuarine and coastal environments. Mar. Biol., 61(4):289-297.

Seasonal and geographic patterns of variation of photosynthetic efficiency and light saturated chlorophyll a specific photosynthesis are described for netplankton (~22 #m) and nanoplankton ((22/~m)

OLR (1981)28(9) E. Biological Oceanography 693

in waters ranging from the nutrient-rich lower Hudson Estuary to the outer continental shelf off Long Island. Oceanographic Sciences Div., Brook- haven National Lab., Upton, N.Y. 11973, USA. (mjj)

81:5114 Oviatt, C.A., 1981. Effects of different mixing

schedules on phytoplankton, zooplankton and nutrients in marine microcosms. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 4(1):57-67.

Continuous mixing resulted in higher chlorophyll concentrations, lower nutrient concentrations and lower zooplankton biomass than did no mixing; no mixing caused water-column stratifications of chlorophyll and nutrients, as well as of organisms, although biomass was higher. Graduate School of Oceanography, Univ. of Rhode Island, Kingston, R.I. 02881, USA.

81:5115 Small, L.F. and D.W. Menzies, 1981. Patterns of

primary productivity and biomass in a coastal upwelling region. Deep-Sea Res., 28(2A): 123-149.

Wind speed and direction and corresponding Bakun (1975) upwelling indices are related to the intensity of upwelling and distribution of phytoplankton biomass and productivity off the Oregon coast, on both seasonal and event time scales. School of Oceanography, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Oreg. 97331, USA. (mjj)

81:5116 Taylor, B.E. and Montgomery Slatkin, 1981. Esti-

mating birth and death rates of zooplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(1)" 143-158.

Two estimates of the birth rate using an egg ratio are derived from a three-stage model for an exponen- tially growing population; sensitivity to time and age-dependence of the birth and death rates and to measurement errors is explored. Other methods for estimating birth and death rates based on this type of model are reviewed and recommendations on the use of birth and death rates based on the egg ratio are made. Dept. of Zoology NJ-15, Univ. of Wash- ington, Seattle, Wash. 98195, USA.

81:5117 Tranter, D.J. et al., 1981. Nocturnal movements of

phototactic zooplankton in shallow waters. Mar. Biol., 61(4):317-326.

In-situ sampling showed two brief nocturnal peaks 'often associated with periods of failing natural light.' Such patterns are explained by nocturnal vertical migration: toward light when light intensity

is decreasing, away from increasing intensity, and dispersion at constant intensity, csmo Div. of Fish. and Oceanog., P.O. Box 21, Cronulla, NSW 2230, Australia. (ahm)

81:5118 Tsvylev, O.P., V.N. Tkachenko and A.I. Startseva,

1980/81. Delayed fluorescence of natural marine phytoplankton communities. Soy. J. Ecol. (a translation of Ekologiya), 11(4):207-213.

Productivity of natural phytoplankton might be estimated based on the intensity of delayed fluorescence, and species composition might be determined based on their specific induction curves. (mjj)

El00. Nekton (communities; also fish, rep- tiles, mammals)

81:5119 Bengtson, J.L. and D.B. Siniff, 1981. Reproductive

aspects of female crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus) along the Antarctic Peninsula. Can. J. Zool., 59(1):92-102. Dept. of Ecol. and Behav. Biol., Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. 55455, USA.

81:5120 DeMaster, D.P., 1981. Estimating the average age of

first birth in marine mammals. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 38(2):237-239. NMFS, P.O. Box 271, La Jolla, Calif. 92038, USA.

81:5121 Lemen, C.A. and H.K. Voris, 1981. A comparison of

reproductive strategies among marine snakes [from Malaysial. J. Anita. Ecol., 50(1):89-101. Dept. of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IU. 60605, USA.

81:5122 Marsh, H., B.R. Gardner and G.E. Heinsohn,

1980/81. Present.day hunting and distribution of dugongs in the Wellesley Islands (Queensland): implications for conservation. Biol. Conserv., 19(4):255-267. Zoology Dept., James Cook Univ., North Queensland, Townsville, Australia 4811.

81:5123 Ogden, J.C. and J.P. Ebersole, 1981. Scale and

community structure of coral reef fishes: a long-term study of a large artificial reef. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 4(1):97-103.

694 E. Biological Oceanography OIR ( 1981 ) 28 (9)

A 19-year study of an artificial reef in the Virgin Islands presents evidence that reef fish community structure results from orderly interactions (adaptive responses to habitat, competition, predation) leading to stability. This is in contrast to reported 'unpre- dictability' seen at smaller artificial and natural sites in short-term studies, suggesting such studies 'lack the resolving power to detect this type of evidence.' West Indies Lab., Fairleigh Dickinson Univ., P.O. Box 4010, Christiansted, St. Croix, U.S.V.I. 00820, USA. (ahm)

81:5124 Shaw, R.F., 1980. A bibliography of the egg, larval

and juvenile stages of fishes: including other pertinent references. Univ. Maine Sea Grant Publ., 61:266pp.

This bibliography (~4100 citations) is a preliminary effort to gather existing literature on ichthyoplank- ton. Coverage is global, although emphasis is placed on North Atlantic estuarine and coastal species. Most entries are from English language sources published since the mid-1800's. Subject, author and scientific name indexes are included. Maine Sea Grant Publications, 30 Coburn Hall, Univ. of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA.

81:5125 Trillmich, Fritz and Werner Mohren, 1981. Effects of

the lunar cycle on the Galapagos fur seal, Arctocephalus gMapagoensis. Oecologia, 48(1): 85-92.

A marked tendency for twice as many seals to be ashore at full moon vs. new moon was thought to be a year-round phenomenon with consequences for census-taking. It is hypothesized that seals avoid the moonlit seas because of increased danger from predators or lowered feeding efficiency due to prey vertical distribution. Max-Planck-lnst. fur Ver- haltensphysiol., D-8131 Seewiesen, FRG. (ahm)

81:5126 Walsh, J.J., 1981. A carbon budget for overfishing off

Peru. Nature, Lond., 290(5804):300-304.

Food chain carbon budgets for the period before (1966-69) and after (1976-79) the collapse of the Peruvian anchovy fishery are used to examine the relative importance of overfishing and changes in upwelling trophodynamics as causes of the collapse. Oceanographic Sci. Div., Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N.Y. 11973, USA. (mjj)

81:5127 York, A.E. and J.R. Hartley, 1981. Pup production

following harvest of female northern fur seals.

Can, J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 38(1):84-90. National Marine Mammal Lab., Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, NMFS, Seattle, Wash. 98115, USA.

Ell0 . Bottom communities

81:5128 Chapman, P.M. and R.O. Brinkhurst, 1981. Seasonal

changes in interstitial salinities and seasonal movements of suicidal benthic invertebrates in the Fraser River Estuary, B.C. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 12(1):49-66.

Studies substantiated the relationship between seasonal shifts of benthic infauna and seasonal (rather than diurnal) changes in interstitial salinities, These shifts are related to variations in freshwater runoff and 'appear to be a feature of salt-wedge estuaries in general.' EVS Consultants Ltd., 195 Pemberton Ave., North Vancouver, B.C., Canada V7P 2R4. (ahm)

81:5129 Colijn, Franciscus and K.S. Dijkema, 1981. Species

composition of benthic diatoms and distrilmtion of chlorophyll a on an intertidal flat in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Ser., 4(1):9-21.

Chlorophyll a fluctuated similarly at all stations although mean yearly amounts varied widely. An observed direct relationship between chlorophyll a and smaller sediment particle size indicated an inverse relationship with degree of exposure to waves and currents. Species composition was somewhat affected by season and sediment gradient. Dept. of Systematic Botany, Univ. of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, Haren, Netherlands. (ahm)

81:5130 Fradette, Pierre and Edwin Bourget, 1981, [Grouping

and ordination applied to the study of benthic epifaunal distribution in the St. Lawrence gulf and estuary.] J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 50(2/3): 133-152. (In French, English summary.)

Statistical analyses showed comparable species relationships at all stations. Five species formed ~95% of the sessile faunal biomass; changes in the relative abundances of these species caused some between-station assemblage variation. Clustering was attributed to summer surface water temperature gradient. Dept. de Biol., Univ. Laval, Quebec, G IK 7P4, Canada. (ahm)

81:5131 Josefson, A.B., 1981. Persistence and structure of two

deep macrobenthic communities in the Skagerrak

OLR (I 981 ) 28 (9) E. Biological Oceanography 695

(west coast of Sweden). J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 500):63-97.

Two infaunal macrobenthic communities (100 and 300 m depth), quantitatively sampled for 5 years, exhibited greater temporal stability than has been seen before in shallow boreal communities. The deeper community showed less persistence in biomass and numbers, lower diversity and a shallower vertical distribution in the sediment. Such differences likely result from variations in surface sediment stability and 'biologically induced bottom complexity'. Includes extensive species lists. Kris- tineberg Marine Biol. Station, S-450 34 Fiskeback- skil, Sweden. (ahm)

g1:5132 Kensley, Brian and M.L. Penrith, 1980. The consti-

tution of the fauna of rocky intertidal shores of South West Africa, lII. The north coast from False Cape Frio to the Kunene River. Cimbe- basia, (A)5(4):201-214. Smithsonian Inst., Wash- ington, D.C., USA.

81:5133 Kulczycki, G.R., R.W. Virnstein and W.G. Nelson,

1981. The relationship between fish abundance and algal biomass in a seagrass-drift algae community. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 12(3):341- 347.

Samples taken in a seagrass bed (Indian River, Florida) indicate significant relationships between the abundances of both Gobiosoma robustum and Syngnathus scovelli and drift algae biomass; that drift algae provide predation refuge, which is responsible for the relationships observed, is suggested. Florida Dept. of Environ. Regulation, 2745 S.E. Morning- side Blvd., Port St. Lucie, Fla. 33452, USA.

coral reefs. Review. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 4(1): 105-122.

Review of coral reef disturbance studies indicated a multi-decade recovery time from natural damage, Anthropogenic effects are not as clear-cut because permanent changes may have occurred at the site. Deficiencies in present information and suggestions for future studies are discussed. Includes underwater photos and ca. 100 references. Queensland Fish. Service, P.O. Bungalow, Cairns 4870, Australia. (ahm)

81:5136 Penhale, P.A. and D.G. Capone, 1981. Primary

productivity and nitrogen fixation in two macro- algae-cyanobacteria associations. Bull. mar. Sci., 31(1): 164-169.

Primary productivity, DOC excretion and N-fixation were estimated for Microdictyon sp. and Laurencia sp. collected from a coral reef; N-fixation supplied 2% and 19%, respectively, of the N demand of these two macroalgal-cyanobacterial associations. Virginia Inst. of Mar. Sci., Gloucester Point, Va. 23062, USA. (mjj)

81:5137 Todd, C.D. and R.W. Doyle, 1981. Reproductive

strategies of marine benthic invertebrates: a settlement-timing hypothesis. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 4(1):75-83.

Relationships among egg size, development time and larval type are demonstrated for nudibranch mol- luscs; that strategy which best closes the differential time gap between spawning and larval settling should be favored by selection. Univ. of St. An- drews, Getty Mar. Lab., St. Andrews, Fife KYI6 8LB, Scotland. (mjj)

81:5134 McLachlan, Anton, Arthur Dye and Beryl Harty,

1981. Simulation of the interstitial system of exposed sandy beaches. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 12(3):267-278.

A 50-cm sand column system using tidal and variable flow rates (with some desiccation) rather than continuous seawater input is 'more realistic' for studying interstitial ecosystems but still has major shortcomings. Described are: 02 consumption rates, organic N oxidation and nitrate production, interstitial respiration, and meio- and microbiotic vertical distributions. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Port Elizabeth, Port Elizabeth 6000, Rep. of South Africa. (ahm)

81:5135 Pearson, R.G., 1981. Recovery and recolonization of

El20. Estuarine and marsh communities

81:5138 Daly, M.A. and A.C. Mathieson, 1981. Nutrient

fluxes within a small north temperate salt marsh [New Hampshire]. Mar. Biol., 61(4):337-344.

Tidal amplitude, temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations (N, P, silicates) and suspended particulates were measured over 12-h tidal cycles on 16 occasions during a 1-yr period. Net fluxes varied seasonally only for ammonia-N. There was a significant net import of ammonia-N and particulates. Mathieson: Jackson Estuarine Lab., Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H. 03824, USA. (mjj)

696 E. Biological Oceanograph 5 OLR (1981 t 28 (9)

81:5139 Semeniuk, V., 1980. Mangrove zonation along an

eroding coastline in King Sound, north-western Australia. J. Ecol., 68(3):789-812. 21 Glenmere Rd., Warwick, W.A. 6024, Australia.

81:5140 Turitzin, S.N. and B.G. Drake, 1981. The effect of a

seasonal change in canopy structure on the photosynthetic efficiency of a salt marsh. Oeco- logia, 48(1):79-84.

Photosynthetic efficiency in a Chesapeake Bay salt marsh declines by late August, due at least in part to the shift from an erect- to horizontal-leaved foliage canopy structure which occurs as the dominant grasses (Spartina patens and Distichlis spicata) fall over. School of Life and Health Sci., Univ. of Delaware, Newark, Del. 19711, USA. (mjj)

El30. Fouling and boring organisms and communities

81:5141 Dempsey, M.J., 1981. Marine bacterial fouling: a

scanning electron microscope study. Mar. Biol., 61(4):305-315.

Several substrates (including antifouling paints), examined through s~M, were colonized by marine bacteria using a range of attachment mechanisms. The porous nature of the antifouling paints' matrix allows bacterial invasion and 'the possibility of pore blockage by adhesive polysaccharides,' with implications for loss of antifoulant properties. Includes 42 micrographs. Dept. of Biol. Sciences, Portsmouth Polytech, Portsmouth POI 2DY, Hunts., England. (ahm)

81:5142 Kay, A.M. and M.J. Keough, 1981. Occupation of

patches in the epifaunal communities on pier pilings and the bivalve P/nna bicolor at Edith- burgh, South Australia. Oecologia, 48:123-130.

Species composition of organisms reoccupying arti- ficially cleared patches depended on position, age, time of creation, and initial size of the patch. Many species were competitively equivalent in that one member of a species pair did not consistently overgrow the other, although super-specific taxa did differ in overgrowth capacities (tunicates ~ sponges

bryozoans ~ serpulids). Abundance patterns predicted for small, isolated substrata were compared with the epifauna of adjacent P. bicolor. Queensland Museum, Fortitude Valley, Queensland 4006, Australia. (mjj)

81:5143 Strathmann, R.R., E.S. Branscomb and K. Vedder,

1981. Fatal errors in set as a cost of dispersal and the influence of intertidal flora on set of barnacles. Oecologia, 48(1): 13-18.

Balanus cariosus and B. glandula larvae were guided by floral characteristics in their preferential settlement of the lower intertidal zone in or near the San Juan Islands and adjacent areas of Puget Sound. In most cases, such a habitat preference decreases fitness; this loss of fitness is presumed to be a cost of the ability to disperse widely during the planktonic period. Zoology Dept., Univ. of Washington, Friday Harbor, Wash. 98250, USA. (mjj)

El50. Microbiology (communities, pro-

cesses: also bacter ia , fungi, yeasts, viruses, etc. )

81:5144 B~tgander, L.E., 1980. Bacterial cycling of sulfur in a

Baltic sediment: an in-situ study in closed systems. GeomicrobioL J., 2(2): 141-159.

The effect of light on bacterial sulfur cycling at the (anaerobic) sediment-water interface was studied using opaque and transparent chambers incubated in 10 m of water for 245 days. Sulfate reduction dominated in opaque and poorly illuminated chambers; but in transparent chambers where photosynthetic sulfur bacteria developed, sulfide was oxidized (via elemental S) twice as fast as it was formed. Dept. of Geology, Univ. of Stockholm, Box 6801, S-113 86 Stockholm, Sweden. (mjj)

81:5145 Bernard, P., 1981. [Bacterial numeration in the lagoon

of the Grand Cul-de-Sac and the coastal zone of Guadeloupe.] J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 50(2/3): 197-212. (In French, English abstract.) Cent. d'Etudes et de Recherch. de Biol. et d'Oceanog. Medicale, 1 ave. Jean Lorrain, 06300 Nice, France.

81:5146 Fell, J.W. and A.S. Tallman, 1980. ~ p o r / d / u m

paludigenum sp.nov., a basidiomycetons yeast from intertidal waters of south Florida. Int. J. syst. Bact., 30(4):658-659. Rosenstiel School of Mar. and Atmos. Sci., Univ. of Miami, Fla. 33149, USA.

81:5147 Gotto, J.W., F.R. Tabita and Chase Van Baalen,

1981. Nitrogen fixation in intertidal environments

OLR ( 1981 ) 28 (9) E. Biological Oceanography 697

of the Texas Gulf Coast. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 12(2):231-235.

Acetylene reduction was measured at intervals throughout the year. The contribution of combined N due to fixation in algal mat samples was estimated at 40 kg N (ha × yr) -t, a significant contribution to coastal ecosystems. Van Baalen: Port Aransas Mar. Lab., Univ. of Texas, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA.

81:5148 Henriksen, K., J.I. Hansen and T.H. Blackburn,

1981. Rates of nitrification, distribution of nitrifying bacteria, and nitrate fluxes in different types of sediment from Danish waters. Mar. Biol., 61(4):299-304.

Potential nitrification rates were measured using mixed, aerated sediments and were converted to in-situ rates by adjusting for temperature and depth of O 2 penetration; results were similar to measurements made using intact sediment cores. Rates of nitrification were not correlated with sediment type or water depth. Also investigated were the depth distributions of nitrifying bacteria and fluxes of nitrate across the sediment-water interface. Botan- ical Inst., Univ. of Aarhus, Nordlandsvej 68, DK- 8240 Risskov, Denmark. (mjj)

81:5149 Kohlmeyer, J. and V. Demoulin, 1981. Parasitic and

symbiotic fungi on marine algae. Botanica mar., 24(1):9-18. Includes 39 micrographs. Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Inst. of Mar. Sci., Morehead City, N.C. 28557, USA.

81:5150 Linley, E.A.S., R.C. Newell and S.A. Bosma, 1981.

Heterotrophic utilisation of mucilage released during fragmentation of kelp (Ec/don/a maxima and Laminaria pallida). I. Development of microbial communities associated with the degra- dation of kelp mucilage. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 4(1):31-41.

A clear succession of bacterial cocci followed by rods, then flagellates and ciliates is observed. Maximal bacteria biomass is dependent both on time of appearance and biomass of the flagellate and ciliate populations. Consumption estimates suggest that mineralization of bacteria by marine micro- flagellates may considerably exceed that in larger organisms at higher trophic levels. Inst. for Mar. Environ. Res., Prospect Place, Plymouth PLI 3DH, England.

81:5151 Lucas, M.I., R.C. Newell and B. Velimirov, 1981.

Heterotrophic utilisation of mucilage released during fragmentation of kelp (Ecklonia maxima and LaminKia pallida). 1I. Differential utilisation of dissolved organic components from kelp mucilage. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 4(1):43-55.

Rates of bacterial utilisation of the components of released kelp mucilage varied from 50% in 48 h (mannitol) to 50% in 6-10 days (sugars plus algi- nates). Conversion efficiency and bacterial biomass were greater in summer (large rods predominated) than in winter (small rods and cocci). Energy flows from kelp production through the microheterotroph population were calculated. Inst. for Marine En- viron. Res., Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, England. (mjj)

81:5152 Miyazaki, Tatsuo, Eitaro Wada and Akihiko Hat-

tori, 1980. Nitrogen-isotope fractionation in the nitrate respiration by the marine bacterium Serratia marinornbra. Geomicrobiol. J., 2(2): 115- 126.

Different isotope effects were associated with 'active transport of NO 3 across membranes' and subsequent NO 3 reduction to NO 2. The 'highest ever reported' fractionation factor of 1.039 was obtained using washed cells. Relevance for NO3-respiring bacteria physiology in O2-depleted subsurface waters is considered. Ocean Res. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164, Japan. (mjj)

81:5153 Novitsky, J.A. and P.E. Kepkay, 1981. Patterns of

microbial heterotrophy through changing environments in a marine sediment. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 4(1): 1-7.

Uptake of 14C-glucose, glutamate and lactate in Halifax Harbor sediments was greatest at 40 cm sub-bottom (the point of transition from aerobic to anaerobic conditions), perhaps due to chemoauto- trophic production. The proportion of substrate respired to CO 2 was greatest above (aerobic) and below (SO 4 reduction) the 40 cm horizon. Dept. of Biology, Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, N.S., Canada BaH 4.11. (mjj)

81:5154 Pickaver, A.H. and M.C. Lyes, 1981. Aerobic

microbial activity in surface sediments containing high or low concentrations of zinc taken from Dublin Bay, Ireland. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 12(1):13-22.

Bacterial numbers (viable counts and total biomass),

698 E. Biological Oceanograph) OLR (1981) 28 (9)

bacterial metabolic rates (O_, consumption and cellulose decomposition), and bacterial zinc-resistance were studied in polluted (250 #g Zn/g) and non-polluted (50 #g Zn/g) sediments. Greenpeace, Damrak 98, 1012 LP Amsterdam, Netherlands. (mjj)

81:5155 Thayib, S.S., 1978. Notes" on hydrocarbonoclastic

microorganisms from inshore and offshore waters in Jakarta Bay [Indonesia]. Oseanol. Indones., 10:1-7. (In Indonesian, English abstract.) Lem- bago Oseanologi Nasional, uPI, Jakarta, Indo- nesia.

81:5156 Wilson, C.A., L.H. Stevenson and T.H. Chrzanow-

ski, 1981. The contribution of bacteria to the total adenosine triphosphate extracted from the micro- biota in the water of a salt-marsh creek. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 50(2/3):183-195.

ATP measurements and direct bacterial counts provided values of ATP per cell for natural bacteria from different parts of the marsh at different seasons, and for laboratory cultures. Bacterial ATP averaged 25% of total ATP, ranging from <(1% to 83%. Dept. of Biology, Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia. S.C. 29208, USA. (mjj)

81:5157 Wood, D.C. and S.S. Hayasaka, 1981. Chemotaxis of

rhizoplane bacteria to amino acids comprising eeigrass (Zostera marina L.) root exudate. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 50(2/3):153-161. Dept. of Microbiology, Clemson Univ., Clemson, S.C. 2963 I, USA.

El80. Biochemistry

81:5158 Cimino, G., S. De Stefano, S. De Rosa, G. Sodano

and G. Villani, 1980. Novel metabolites from some predator-prey pairs. Bull. Socs chim. belg., 89(12): 1069-1073.

A study of nudibranchs identified organic products accumulated by predators and indicated a role for secondary metabolites in elucidating predator-prey pairs and food chain links. Inst. Chim. Molecole di Interesse Biol. del C.N.R., Via Toiano 2, Arco Felice, Naples, Italy. (fss)

81:5159 Kormanik, G.A. and J.N. Cameron, 1981. Ammonia

excretion in animals that breathe water: a review. Mar. Biol. Letts, 2(1):11-23.

Ammonia is the principal end product of N metab- olism for most aquatic animals. Reviewed are the 'sources, sites and mechanisms of excretion of ammonia' with attention also paid to poorly known aspects of ammonia excretion. Univ. of Texas at Austin, Mar. Lab., Port Aransas, Tex. 78373, USA. (mjj)

81:5160 Milkova, T., S. Popov. N. Marekov, 1. Stoilov, S.

Andreev and G. Kovachev, 1980. Sterols from Black Sea Coelenterata and Mollusca. Bull. Socs chim. belg., 89(12):1081-t085. Inst. of Organic Chem., Bulgarian Acad. of Sci., Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.

E220. Invertebrates (except E230-Crus- tacea, and E240-Protozoa)

81:5161 Appy, R.G. and M.J. Dadswell, 1981. Marine and

estuarine piscicolid leeches (Hirudinea) of the Bay of Fundy and adjacent waters with a key to species. Can. J. Zool., 59(2):183-192. Dept. of Zoology, Univ. of Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 2Wl.

81:5162 Bertness, M.D. and Clifford Cunningham, 1981.

Crab shell-crushing predation and gastropod architectural defense. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol,, 50(2/3):213-230.

The Panamanian crabs, Ozius verreauxii and Eriphia squamata, exhibited 2 sheU-crushing techniques

-progressively breaking off the shell apex of small shells and 'peeling' larger shells by chipping away at the shell lip. Predation-deterring architectural features, seen more often in small gastropods, involve heavier shells, narrower shell apertures, and axial shell sculpture. The influence of fish predation on gastropod and crab architecture and behavior is discussed. Div. of Biology and Medicine, Box G, Brown Univ., Providence, R.I. 02912, USA. (ahm)

81:5163 Birkeland, Charles, Lanna Cheng and R.A. Lewin,

198 !. Motility of didemnid ascidlan colonies. Bull. mar. Sci.. 31(1):!70-173.

In laboratory tests, Diplosoma virens, generally considered sessile, showed autonomous locomotion which may be selective of favorable light conditions for its algal symbionts. Other ascidians may show net movement through a combination of growth and regression, leaving 'trails' of dead coelenterate tissue


on coral reefs and thus opening the substratum to settlement by other species. Marine Lab., Univ. of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96913, USA. (ahm)

81:5164 Buizer, D.A.G., 1980. Explosive development of

Styela clara Herdman, 1882, in the Netherlands after its introduction (Tunicata Ascidiacea). Bull. zool. Mus. Univ. Amst., 7(18):181-185.

81:5165 Dunn, D.F., 1981. The clownfish sea anemones:

Stichodactylidae (Coelenterata: Actiniaria) and other sea anemones symbiotic with pomacentrid fishes. Trans. Am. phil. Soc., 71(1):l15pp.

This taxonomic revision comprises descriptions, synonymies, distributions and associations of these actinians. The author urges actinian research, point- ing out that almost nothing unrelated to their symbiosis with fishes is known. Many micrographs and drawings, and an index are included. California Acad. of Sciences, San Francisco, Calif., USA. (sir)

81:5166 Fatton, Elisabeth and Michel Roux, 1981. Growth

patterns and microstructure of the shell of CMyptogena (Vesicomyidae, Bivalvia) in relation to submarine hydrothermal springs [East Pacific Rise]. C. r. hebd. S~anc. A cad. Sci., Paris, (III)292(1):55-60. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Petrol. Sediment. et Paleont., Bat. No. 504, Univ. Paris XI, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.

81:5167 Hannan, C.A., 1981. Polychaete larval settlement:

correspondence of patterns in suspended jar collectors and in the adjacent natural habitat in Monterey Bay, California. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(1):159-171.

The density of settling larvae collected in widemouth jars corresponded well to densities determined by bottom sampling for the two dominant macrofaunal polychaetes, but densities of opportunistic polychaetes (Capitella spp. and Armandia brevis) were up to 1000 times higher in the jars. Possible causes of the discrepancy are discussed. WHOI, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA. (mjj)

81:5168 Hartley, J.P., 1981. The family Paraonidne (Poly-

chaeta) in British waters: a new species and new records with a key to species. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 61(1): 133-149.

Aricidea laubieri sp. nov. and six other paraonid species new to the area were found in the Celtic and

North seas; several other cases extend known geographical or bathymetric ranges. The identity of some previous records is discussed; a dichotomous key to British species is presented. Oil Pollution Res. Unit, Field Studies Council, Orielton Field Centre, Pembroke, Dyfed, Wales.

81:5169 Hiroki, Kaoru, 1978. Resistance of marine gastropods

to oxygen deficiency and hydrogen sulphide. Bolm Fisiol. Anim., Univ. S Paulo, 1978(2):33-42. Inst. de Biol. Marinha da Univ. de S~o Paulo, Brazil.

81:5170 Khripounoff, A. and M. Sibuet, 1980. The nutrition

of abyssal echinoderms. I. Feeding of holo- thuroids. Mar. Biol., 60(1):17-26. (In French, English summary.) CNEXO, Centre Oceanol. de Bretagne, Boite Postale 337, F-29273 Brest- Cedex, France.

81:5171 Lawn, I.D., G.O. Mackie and G. Silver, 1981.

Conduction system in a sponge. Science, 211(4487): 1169-1171.

The existence of a 'rapid, diffuse [unpolarized] conduction system with a precise threshold' was demonstrated in the hexactineUid, Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni, which arrested its exhalant water current when stimulated mechanically or electrically. Mean response propagation velocity was 0.22 cm/sec. Conduction is probably electrical, although no electrical signal could be detected. Bamfield Mar. Station, Bamfield, B.C., Canada V0R 1B0. (m.ij)

81:5172 Richardson, J.R., 1981. Brachiopuds in mud: reso-

lution of a dilemma. Science, 211(4487):1161- 1163.

Nine species of brachiopods were sampled and observed by scuba diving in southern New Zealand coastal waters. Previously held assumptions were disproved: brachiopods were found growing and functioning well in muddy sediments, some species were found in both free-lying and attached populations, and the pedicle was found not to be uniform in structure or function. Apparent habitat differences between living and Paleozoic faunas are thus reconciled. NZOI, Wellington North, New Zealand. (mjj)

81:5173 Svane, Ib and Tomas Lundalv, 1981. Reproductive

patterns and population dynamics of Ascidia mentula O.F. Miiller on the Swedish west coast. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 50(2/3):163-182.

700 E. Biological O c e a n o g r a p h y O L R ( 198 t ) 28 {9)

An 8-year study found that elevated mortality coincided with increased larval settling (during late summer) and that recruitment variation was most important in population regulation; growth, reproduction, and temperature influences were considered. Kristineberg Marine Biol. Station, S-450 34 Fiskebackskil, Sweden. (ahm)

81:5174 Tenore, K.R., 1981. Organic nitrogen and caloric

content of detritus. 1. Utilization by the deposit- feeding polychaete, Capitella capitata. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 12(!):39-47.

Growth of C. capitata was related to both the organic N and caloric content of 32 different detrital sources. Detrital composition per se, as well as protein enrichment by microbial decomposition, may influence the nutritional value of detritus to detritivore~.. Skidaway Inst. of Oceanography, P.O. Box 13687, Savannah, Ga. 31406, USA. (mjj)

81:5175 Wolcott, T.G., 1981. Inhaling without ribs: the

problem of suction in soft-bodied invertebrates. Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole, 160(1): 189-197.

Some invertebrates (innkeeper worms and sea cucumbers) are able to 'inhale' in spite of the absence of any rigid supporting structures which would enable their pumping cloacae to withstand the negative pressures involved. Mathematical and mechanical models are used to explain this apparent paradox, and to demonstrate the hydrostatics involved in the sac-within-a-sac cloaca/body wall system. Dept. of Mar. Sci. and Eng., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, N.C. 27650, USA. (m~)

E230. Crustacea

81:5176 Bishop, J.D.D., 1981. A revised definition of the

genus Epileucon Jones (Crustacea, Cumacea), with descriptions of [5 new] species from the deep Atlantic. Phil. Trans. R. Soc., (B)291(1052):353- 409. Dept. of Mar. Biol., Univ. of Liverpool, Port Erin, Isle of Man, UK.

81:5177 Bonaduce, Gioacchino, Mario Masoli, Genzianella

Minichelli and Nevio Pugliese, 1980. Some new benthic marine ostracod species 17 n. genera, 38 n. spp,] from the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea). Boll. Soc. paleont, ital., 19(1):143-178. Includes 30 drawings and 145 micrographs. Zool. Station of Naples, Italy.

81:5178 Burukovsky, R.V., 1981. Same general patterns of the

bathymetric distribution of shrimps [Gulf of Mexico, Angola, Morocco and south-east Africa]. Zoologicheskii Zh., 60(I):42-52. (In Russian, English abstract.)

81:5179 Casanova, Bernadette, 1980. Spatial and structural

evolution of the euphauslid populations from the Antarctic to the Gulf of Aden. Investigaei6n pesq., Barcelona, 44(2):377-394. (In French, English abstract.)

Three faunal associations were delimited--Antarc- tic, South African and East African---exhibiting increasing diversity and numbers with decreasing latitude. Univ. de Provence, Marseille, France. (slr)

81:5180 Charnov, E.L., 1981. Sex reversal in PandMus

horeMis: effect of a shrimp fishery? Mar. Biol. Letts, 2(1):53-57.

Using some shrimp life history parameters to calculate Maynard Smith's (1976) 'evolut ionary stable strategy' equilibrium, the author submits that heavy shrimp fishing in the Skagerrak has indeed induced a younger sex change age by initially increasing the ratio of males (smaller) to females (larger): adult mortality rate, not growth rate or size threshold, determines the age (size) of sex reversal in P. borealis. Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84t12, USA. (slr)

81:5181 Dare, P.J. and D.B. Edwards, 1981. Underwater

television observations on the intertidal movements of shore crabs, Carelnus nmenas, across a mudflat. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 61(1):107-116. Ministry of Agric., Fish. and Food, Fish. Exper. Station, Conwy, Gwynedd, Wales.

81:5182 Hastings, M.H., 1981. The entraining effect of

turbulence on the circa-tidal activity rhythm and its semi-lunar modulation in FAwydice pulchm. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 61(1):151-160.

The effectiveness of mechanical agitation in entraining endogenous circa-tidal activity in adult isopods varied with phase of the imposed L /D cycle, being maximal when the phase relationship paralleled spring tide high water. Turbulence intensity measured in-situ was maximal at high water, but showed no semi-lunar modulation. Dept. of Mar. Biol., Univ. of Liverpool, Port Erin, Isle of Man, U.K. (mjj)

OLR (1981) 28 (9) E. Biological Oceanography 701

81:5183 Herring, P.J., 1981. Studies on bioluminescent marine

amphipods. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 61(1): 161-176.

Research on 6 amphipod genera from the eastern North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean indicated primarily a deterrent role for luminescence. Labo- ratory methods for eliciting a luminous response, duration and frequency of flashes, and individual luminescent mechanisms are described. Includes drawings and micrographs. Inst. of Oceanog. Sci., Wormley, Surrey, UK. (ahm)

81:5184 Kattner, G., M. Krause and J. Trahms, 1981. Lipid

composition of some typical North Sea copopods. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Set., 4(1):69-74.

Seasonal variations in total lipid content and proportions of triglycerides, phospholipids and free fatty acids were determined for Temora longicornis, Acartia clausi and Centropages hamatus; sporadic analyses also were done for less abundant species. Proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids were greater in selective than in omnivorous feeders. Inst. fur Organ. Chem. und Biochem., Univ. Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, D-2000 Hamburg 13, FRG. (mjj)

81:5185 Kazmi, M.A. and Q.B. Kazmi, 1979. A check list of

marine caridean prawns of Pakistan [32 spp. in 16 genera]. Biologia, Lahore, 25(1/2): 151-157. Zool. Dept., Univ. of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.

81:5186 Komar, P.D., A.P. Morse, L.F. Small and S.W.

Fowler, 1981. An analysis of sinking rates of natural copepod and euphausiid fecal pellets. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(1):172-180.

Good agreement was found between published settling velocities of cylindrical fecal pellets and the velocities predicted by Komar's (1980) equation for the settling velocity of a cylinder at low Reynolds numbers (Stokes region). Fecal pellet density, thus, can be indirectly estimated. School of Oceanog- raphy, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Oreg. 97331, USA. (mjj)

81:5187 Lagard6re, J.-P. and Henri Nouvel, 1980. [Mysids of

the continental slope off the Bay of Biscay. II. Families Lophogastridae, Eucopiidae and Mysi- dae except the Erythroplni tribe.I Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris, (4)2(A,Zool.,3):845-887. (In French.) Includes 125 drawings. Antenne de la Station Mar. d'Endoume, CREO, allee des Tamaris, 17000 La Rochelle, France.

81:5188 Lowry, J.K., 1981. The amphipod genus Cerapus in

New Zealand and subantarctic waters (Coro- phioidea, lschyroceridae). J. nat. Hist., 15(2): 183-211. Includes many drawings. Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.

81:5189 Mair, J. McD., 1981. Identification of small juvenile

penaeid shrimp from the Pacific coast of Mexico. Bull. mar. Sci., 31(1):174-176. Inst. of Offshore Eng., Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland.

81:5190 McLaren, I.A. and C.J. Corkett, 1981. Temperature-

dependent growth and production by a marine copepod. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 38(1):77-83.

Growth of a synchronous cohort of Eurytemora herdmani was followed in the field while individuals from the population were simultaneously reared in the laboratory. Development times, adult body sizes, biomass and egg matter production in nature were adequately predicted based on laboratory measurements of temperature-dependent growth rates. Dept. of Biol., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, N.S. B3H 4Jl, Canada. (mjj)

81:5191 McLaughlin, P.A., 1981. Revision of Pylopagu~s and

Tomopagurus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae), with the descriptions of new genera and species. I. Ten new genera of the Paguridae and a redescrip- tion of Tomopagurus A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier. Bull. mar. Sci., 31(1):1-30. Includes several micrographs and drawings. Dept. of Biol. Sciences, Florida Int. Univ., Tamiami Campus, Miami, Fla. 33199, USA.

81:5192 Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M. and G. Verriopoulos,

1981. Thermal tolerance of two populations of Acartia clausi (Copepoda) living in differently polluted areas. Hydrobiologia, 77(1):3-6.

Cold-collected Acartia proved more resistant to 0°C (less to 30°C) while warm-collected specimens were more tolerant to 30°C in laboratory culture. Pol- luted-area zooplankton were more resistant to both temperature extremes. Zool. Lab., Univ. of Athens, Greece. (ahm)

81:5193 Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M. and G. Verriopoulos,

1981, The longevity of three generations of normal and pollution-impacted Acartia clausi

702 E. Biological O c e a n o g r a p h y O L R ( 198 t ) 28 (9t

(Copepoda) populations in the Saronicos Gulf (Greece). Hydrobiologia, 77(1):7-15.

A temperature of 14°C appeared most favorable for laboratory survival of Acartia," however, optimum survival temperature depended upon generation. Acartia in its natural environment thrives best and has maximum longevity at colder temperatures. The pollution-adapted population survived longer under laboratory conditions than did the other population. Zoological Lab., Univ. of Athens, Athens 621, Greece.

81:5194 Rabalais, N.N., S.A. Holt and R.W. Flint, 1981.

Mud shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Thalas- sinidea) of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Bull. mar. Sci., 31(1):96-115.

Nine species (6 previously unrecorded) representing 3 families were collected during a 3-year study; multivariate discriminant analysis was used to distinguish individual habitats. Univ. of Texas Marine Science Inst., Port Aransas Mar. Lab., Port Aransas, Tex. 78373, USA. (ahm)

81:5195 Ravenel, W.S. and David Thistle, 1981. The effect of

sediment characteristics on the distribution of two subtidal harpacticoid copepod species. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 50(2/3):289-301.

Preference for one of two adjacent subtidal, soft- bottom habitats was due to differences in sediment microflora in the case of Enhydrosoma fittorale, but apparently was due to factors other than sediment characteristics in the case of Zausodes c.f. arenicolus, based on combined laboratory and field experi- ments. Thistle: Dept. of Oceanography, Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, Fla. 32306, USA. (mjj)

81:5196 Robertson, P.B. and C.R. Shelton, 1980. Lepidac-

tylus triarticulatus n.sp., a new haustoriid amphipod from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Gulf Res. Repts, 6(4):415-420. Lamar Univ., Dept. of Biol., Beaumont, Tex. 77710, USA.

81:5197 Somerton, D.A., 1981. Regional variation in the size

of maturity of two species of tanner crab (Chio- noecetes bairdi and C. opilio) in the eastern Bering Sea, and its use in defining management subareas. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 38(2): 163-174.

A computer technique was used to examine regional variability in sizes of sexual maturity, upon which minimum size limits for commercial harvesting are

based. Cent. for Quint. Sci. in Forestry, Fish. and Wildlife, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98195, USA. (mjj)

81:5198 Spivey, H.R., 1981. Origins, distribution, and zoo-

geographic affinities of the Cirripodia (Crustacea) of the Gulf of Mexico. J. Biogeogr., 8(2): 153-176.

This diverse, tropically-biased assemblage (78 taxa) has only 2 cosmopolitan species; the low endemism (14%) is typical for the area. Numerous widely- distributed eurythermal taxa are representative of the gulf's transition between temperate and tropical waters. Includes ca. 150 references and appendixes on fossil and extant Cirripedia. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Florida State Univ.. Tallahassee, Fla. 32306, USA. (ahm)

81:5199 Thomas, N.J., T.A. Lasiak and E. Naylor, 1981.

Salinity preference hehaviour in Cm'cinus. Mar. Behav. Physiol., 7(4):277-283. Dept. of Mar. Biology, Univ. of Liverpool, Port Erin, Isle of Man, UK.

81:5200 Uye, Shin-ichi, 1981. Fecundity studies on neritic

calanoid copepods Acartia clausi Giesbrecht and A. steueri Smirnov: a simple empirical model of dally egg production. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol,. 50(2/3):255-271.

Under food-satiated conditions, daily reproductive rate was a function of temperature; at constant temperature, a function of chlorophyll a concentration. Observed daily reproductive rates of natural populations of Acartia were simulated closely by a simple model incorporating these combined effects. Faculty of Applied Biol. Science, Hiroshima Univ., Fukuyama 720, Japan.

81:5201 Vives, F., 1980. Copepods from neritic waters of the

Vizcaya [Spalnl coast during 1976. Investigaci6n pesq., Barcelona, 44(2):313-330. (In Spanish, English abstract.) Inst. de Invest. Pesq. de Barcelona, Paseo Nacional, s/n, Barcelona 3, Spain.

81:5202 Wheatly, M.G., 1981. The provision of oxygen to

developing eggs by female shore crabs (Carcinus maenas). J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 61(1):i17-128.

When oxygen tensions fall to a critical level (dependent on acclimation temperature), female shore crabs incubating eggs on abdominal pleopods


'reverse the direction of normal ventilation,' thereby bubbling air over the eggs and raising the oxygen tension. Egg-bearing females trapped in hypoxic tidal pools defer larval release until reached by aerated tidal waters. Dept. of Zool. and Comp. Physiol., Univ. of Birmingham, P.O. Box 363, Birmingham, U.K. (mjj) •

81: 5203 Wooldridge, T., 1981. Zonation and distribution of

the beach mysid, Gastrosaccus psammodytes (Crustacea: Mysidacca). J. Zool., Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 193(2):183-189. Zool. Dept., Box 1600, Univ. of Port Elizabeth, South Africa.

E240. Protozoa (except E250-Foraminifera, Radiolar ia and Tintinnida)

81:5204 Hartwig, Eike, 1980. The marine interstitial ciliates of

Bermuda with notes on their geographical distribution and habitat. Cah. Biol. mar., 21(4):409- 441. Zool. Inst., Univ. of Hamburg, Martin- Luther-King-Platz 3, 2000 Hamburg 13, FRG.

81:5205 Parker, J.G., i981. Ciliated Protozoa of the polluted

Tees Estuary [Englandl. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 12(3):337-340. Dept. of Agric. (NI), Fish. Res. Lab., 38 Castleroe Rd., Coleraine BT51 3RL, Northern Ireland.

81:5206 Tendal, O.S., 1980. Stannophyilum setosum sp.n., a

remarkable xenophyophore (Rhizopodea, Pro- tozoa) from the abyssal eastern Pacific. Cab. Biol. mar., 21(4):383-385. Zool. Lab., Univ. 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

E250. Foraminifera, Radiolaria, Tintin- nida, e t c . (see also D - s u b m a r i n e geology)

81:5207 Alvarez Garcia, N.O. and Primitivo Borro Garcta,

1979. [Foraminifera of the Gulf of Bataban6, Cuba.] Ciencias, Cent. Investnes mar., Univ. Habana, (Ser.8)(47):45-71. (In Spanish, English abstract.)

81:5208 B6, A.W.H., D.A. Caron and O.R. Anderson, 1981.

Effects of feeding frequency on life processes of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides saccu- l i ter in laboratory culture. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 61(1):257-277.

Shell size and rate of chamber formation in specimens collected off Barbados increased proportional to feeding frequency. Survival time was inversely proportional to feeding frequency as more frequently fed organisms matured and underwent gameto- genesis more rapidly. Shell size and percent of gametogenic shells in deep-sea sediments may be useful indicators of plankton productivity. Lamont- Doherty Geological Obs. of Columbia Univ., Pali- sades, N.Y. 10964, USA. (mjj)

81:5209 C6sana, Denise, 1981. Real structure and a new

interpretation of the Foraminifera test. C. r. hebd. Sdanc. Acad. Sci., Paris, (III)292(2): 197-200. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. d'evol, des etres organises, 105, Blvd. Raspail, 75006 Paris, France.

81:5210 Stoecker, Diane, R.R.L. Guillard and R.M. Kavee,

1981. Selective predation by Favella ehrenbergli (Tintlnnia) on and among dinofiagellates. Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole, 160(1):136- 145.

In cultures of dinoflagellates and other marine microphytes, F. ehrenbergii preyed almost exclusively on certain dinoflagellate species despite dissimilari- ties in morphology and size of the prey. WHOI, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA. (ahm)

E 2 6 0 . Macrophytes (algae, grasses, etc.)

81:5211 Amsler, C.D. and R.B. Searles, 1980. Vertical

distribution of seaweed spores in a water column offshore of North Carolina. J. Phycol., 16(4):617- 619.

Seaweed spores collected, then cultured, showed vertical distribution differences in a 20 m water column; typically opportunistic taxa dominated upper levels. Enteromorpha sp. spores were plentiful, although the chlorophyte only occurred abundantly far from the study site. Searles: Dept. of Botany, Duke Univ., Durham, N.C. 27706, USA. (ahm)

81:5212 Clokie, J.J.P., T.P. Scoffin and A.D. Boney, 1981.

Depth maxima of Conchoeelis and Phymatolithon rugulosum on the N.W. [Malin, Ireland] Shelf and Rockall Plateau. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 4(1):131-133.

Conchocelis filaments have been found at depths from 46 to 78 m on the Malin Shelf; the coralline red

704 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (t981) 28 (9)

alga P. rugulosum, at 90 m on the Rockall Plateau. Use of Conchocelis growing in shells to delimit the photic zone is restricted to coastal waters where an adequate Porphyra spore 'rain' is likely. Univ. Mar. Biol. Station, Millport, Isle of Cumbrae, Scotland.

81:5213 Filion-Myklebust, Christiane and T.A. Norton, 1981.

Epidermis shedding in the brown seaweed Asco- phyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis, and its ecological significance. Mar. Biol. Letts, 2(!):45-51.

Laboratory and field observations revealed frequent shedding of the alga's outermost, meristoderm, layer indicating a more complex meristematic region than suspected. It is hypothesized that the shedding is an anti-fouling device employed by this long-lived species. Univ. i Oslo, Postboks 1064, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway. (slr)

81:5214 Munda, I.M., 1980. Survey of the benthic algal

vegetation of the Borgarfj6rdur, southwest Ice- land. Nova Hedwigia, 32(4):855-927. Includes 17 black and white photos. Biol. Inst., Slovene Acad. of Science and Arts, Ljubljana, Yugo- slavia.

81:5215 Reidenbaugh, T.G. and W.C. Banta, 1980. Origin

and effects of Spm't/na wrack in a Virginia salt marsh. Gulf Res. Repts, 6(4):393-401.

Impact of wrack on a young Wallops Island marsh was studied for two years with color infrared aerial photography. Wrack stranded in high marsh areas decomposed in place allowing new vegetation to emerge through, but wrack stranded in low or transition zone areas killed underlying vegetation. All devegetated areas eventually recovered; marsh pans did not evolve. Dept. of Biology, American Univ., Washington, D.C. 20010, USA. (smf)

E270. Microphytes (coccolithophores, dia toms, flagellates, etc.)

81:5216 Dunlap, J.C. and J.W. Hastings, 1981. Biochemistry

of dinoflagellate bioluminescence: purification and characterization of dinoflngellate luciferin from Pyrocysffs lunula. Biochemistry, 20(4):983- 989.

This labile luciferin was purified under argon and in the presence of a buffered reducing agent, and evidences a polypyrrole-type structure. Chemical and physical properties are described. Dept. of Biol.,

Univ. of Calif. at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Calif. 92543, USA. (mjj)

81:5217 Hoban, M.A., G.A. Fryxell and K.R. Buck, 1980.

Biddulphioid diatoms: resting spores in Antarctic Eucampla and Odontella. J. Phycol., 16(4):591- 602.

Resting spore morphological differences in 3 en- demic diatom species--Eucampia balaustium, Odontella weissflogii, O. litigiosa--compared to veg- etative cell differences may aid in the systematic study of these and related species. Includes 38 micrographs. Radian Corp., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Tex. 78766, USA. (ahm)

81:5218 Horstmann, Ulrich, 1980. Observations on the

peculiar diurnal migration of a red tide Dino- phyceae in tropical shallow waters. J. Phycol., 16(4):481-485.

The Philippine Peridinium cf. quinquecorne congre- gates in a near-surface layer in the presence of intensive solar radiation during the flow tide; its sudden disappearance is shown due to attachment to the undersides of solid objects just prior to the tide change. The organism's morphology, attachment, high swimming velocity, and reaction to tidal changes and light are discussed. Inst. fur Meeres- kunde an der Univ. Kiel, 23 Kiel, FRG. (ahm)

81:5219 Maestrini, S.Y. and M.-G. Kossut, 1981. In-situ cell

depletion of some marine algae enclosed in dialysis sacks and their use for the determination of nutrient-limiting growth in Ligurian coastal waters (Mediterranean Sea). J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 50(1): 1-19.

Five species of laboratory-cultured marine algae enclosed in dialysis sacks and incubated in-situ adapted quickly to oligotrophic conditions, becom- ing depleted in P, ATP, chlorophyll a and N. The cells became biochemically similar to natural, 'wild' algae after five cell divisions. Most of the algal strains were limited by P. Station Mar. d'Endoume, 13007 Marseiile, France. (mjj)

81:5220 McLean, R.O., John Corrigan and Joan Webster,

1981. Heterotrophic nutrition in Melosh'a num- mulaides, a possible role in affecting distribution in the Clyde Estuary. Br.phycol. J., 16(1):95-106.

A clone of the diatom isolated from high BOD polluted waters was grown in axenic culture at various salinities and light intensities. Growth was

OLR ( 19811 28 (9) E. Biological Oceanography 705

significantly enhanced in the presence Of several different amino acids. Dept. of Biology, Paisley College of Tech., Paisley PAl 2BE, Scotland. (mjj)

81:5221 Thomsen, H.A., 1981. Identification by electron

microscopy of nanoplanktonic coccolithophorids (Prymnesiophyceae) from west Greenland, including the description of Papposphaera sarion sp.nov. Br. phycol. J., 16(1):77-94. Inst. for Sporeplanter, Farimagsgade' 2D, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.

81:5222 Wheeler, P.A. and J.A. Hellebust, 1981: Uptake and

concentration of alkylamines by a marine diatom [Cycioteila cryptical: effects of H ÷ and K ÷ and implications for the transport and accumulation of weak bases. PI. Physiol., Lancaster, 67(2):367- 372. Mus. of Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. 02138, USA.

81:5225 Buikema, A.L. Jr., B.R. Niederlehner and J. Cairns

Jr., 1981. The effects of a simulated refinery effluent and its components on the estuarine crustacean, Mysidopsis bahia. Archs environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 10(2):231-239. Dept. of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, Va. 24061, USA.

81:5226 Burton, D.T., T.P. Capizzi, S.L. Margrey and W.W.

Wakefield, 1980/81. Effects of rapid changes in temperature on two estuarine crustaceans. Mar. environ. Res., 4(4):267-278.

Specific temperature-acclimated Gammarus sp. and Callinectes sapidus responses to abrupt temperature changes--rather than resulting from thermal stress --were deemed 'normal physiological compensation' responses, implying that changes up to 10 C ° would have no significant impact on these organisms. Johns Hopkins Univ., Applied Physics Lab., Shady Side, Md. 20867, USA. (ahm)

E300. Effects of pollution (also uptake, trace accumulations, etc.; see also C210- Chemical pollution, and F250-Waste dis- posal)

81:5223 Albrecht, W.N., C.A. Woodhouse and J.N. Miller,

1981. Ncarshore dredge-spoil dumping and cad- mium, copper, and zinc levels in a dermestid shrimp. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 26(2): 219-223.

No significant differences were detected between control and dumpsite populations of Heterocarpus ensifer in either total metals found or the ratios among them. Univ. of Hawaii, Environ. Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. (slr)

81:5227 Crawford, R.B. and J.D. Gates, 1981. Effects of a

drilling fluid on the development of a teleost and an echinoderm. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 26(2):207-212.

In drilling fluid toxicity studies of embryonic Fundulus heteroclitus and Echinarachnius parma, both exhibited slowed development at 1 ppt and effective mortality at 10 ppt. Dept. of Biology, Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. 06106, USA. (ahm)

81:5228 Cuomo, Carmela, 1980. The effects of sewage sludge

on juvenile horseshoe crabs (Limulus lmly- phemus). Bios, flflfl biol. Soc., 51(3):138-142. Biol. Dept., Adelphi Univ., Garden City, N.Y. 11530, USA.

81:5224 Breteler, R.J., Ivan Valiela and J.M. Teal, 1981.

Bioavailahility of mercury in several north-eastern U.S, Spartina ecosystems. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 12(2):155-166.

Consideration of the sediment's effect on soil-bound Hg availability to marsh organisms showed: low amounts of organic matter in the sediment correlated with increased Hg in organisms, Hg formed close associations with small (<0.5 mm) detrital particles, and the fulvic and humic acid fraction complexed 10-30% of total soil Hg. William F. Clapp Labs., Washington St., Duxbury, Mass. 02332, USA. (ahm)

81:5229 Cushman, R.M., D.W. Barnes and R.B. Craig, 1980.

Effects of geothermal effluents on aquatic ecosystems. Environment int., 4(3):209-216.

Geothermal energy effluents contain constituents such as dissolved ammonia, hydrogen sulfide gas, and trace elements. Chronic effects on aquatic ecosystems are possible at concentrations where acute toxicity would be neither expected nor observed, and some trace elements may accumulate to hazardous levels even when released at nontoxic concentrations. Environ. Sci. Div., Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, Tenn. 37830, USA.

706 E. Biological O c e a n o g r a p h y O L R ( 1981 ) 28 (9)

81:5230 Derby, C.D. and Jelle Atema, 1981. Influence of

drilling muds on the primary cbemosensory neurons in walking legs of the lobster, Homarns americanus. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 38(3):268- 274. BUMP, MBL, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA.

81:5231 Fava, Giancarlo and Eugenio Crotti, 1979. [Effects

of a commercial detergent and one of its components, LAS, on Tisbe holothuriae nauplii production under high and low crowding conditions.I Atti Accad. naz. Lincei Rc., 66(3):223-231. (In Italian, English summary.)

81:5232 Grassle, J.F., R. Elmgren and J.P. Grassle, 1980/81.

Response of benthic communities in MERL [Marine Ecosystems Research Laboratory] experimental ecosystems to low level, chronic additions of No. 2 fuel oil. Mar. environ. Res., 4(4):279-297.

The macrofauna and meiofauna of three oiled and three control experimental ecosystems were followed for 25 weeks of semi-continuous additions of an oil-water dispersion of No. 2 fuel oil. This simulated chronic oil pollution resulted in a highly significant decline in numbers of individuals. WHOI, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA.

81:5233 Guary, J.C., J.J.W. Higgo, R.D. Cherry and M.

Heyraud, 1981. High concentrations of transu- ranics and natural radioactive elements in the branchial hearts of the cephalopod Octopus vulgmis. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 4(1): 123-126. Int. Lab. of Marine Radioactivity, Musee Oceano- graphique, Monaco.

81:5234 Harding, G.C., W.P. Vass and K.F. Drinkwater,

1981. Importance of feeding, direct uptake from seawater, and transfer from generation to generation in the accumulation of an organochlorine (p, p ' -DDT) by the marine planktonic copepod CMan~ tinmarchlcu~ Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 38(1):101-119.

The efficiency with which C. finmarchicus retained ingested DDT varied with copepod density. Gen- eration transfer and feeding terms were incorporated into a previously published model of DDT flux to investigate the organochlorine's movement in planktonic copepods. The relative importance of ingestion versus direct uptake from seawater in DDT accumulation is discussed. Dept. of Fisheries and

Oceans, Bedford Inst. of Oceanography, Dartmouth, N.S. B2Y 4A2, Canada. (mjj)

81:5235 Ho, Y.B., 1981. Mineral element content in UIva

lactuca L. with reference to eutrophication in Hong Kong coastal waters. Hydrobiologia, 77(1): 43-47. Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

81:5236 Jensen, Kurt, 198t. Levels of hydrocarbons [from

low-level chronic oil pollution] in mussels, Mytilus ednlis, and surface sediments from Danish coastal areas. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 26(2):202-206. Marine Pollution Lab., Kavalergaarden 6, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.

81:5237 Klaverkamp, J.F., S.L. Leonhard and K.E. Marshall

(eds.), 1979/80. Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Aquatic Toxicity Workshop. November 6 & 7, 1979, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Can. tech. Rept Fish. aquat. Sci., 975:291pp; 35 papers.

Papers dealt with field approaches for assessing adverse effects of chemical contaminants, bioassay standardization, the state of aquatic toxicology and risk assessment, and publication policies of the Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Additional topics included 'novel laboratory approaches, early life history stages of fish, toxicology of industrial wastes, pesticide toxicity, diet and fish behavioral responses, and the significance of bioaccumulation studies.' Includes an author index and an appendix reviewing, in table form, Canadian aquatic toxicity research programs. (mjj)

81:5238 LaTouche, Y.D., C.W. Bennett and M.C. Mix, 1981.

Determination of vanadium in a marine mollusc [Mytilus edulis] using a chelating ion exchange resin and neutron activation. Bull. environ. Con- tamin. Toxicol., 26(2):224-227. Dept. of General Science, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Oreg. 97331, USA.

81:5239 Lee, W.Y., S.A. Macko and J.A.C. Nicol, 1981.

Changes in nesting behavior and lipid content of a marine ampiaipod ( ~ va//da) las relatedi to the toxidty of a No. 2 fuel oil. Wat. Air Soil Pollut., 15(2):185-195. Port Aransas Mar. Lab., Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA.

O LR ( 1981 ) 28 (9) E. Biological Oceanography 707

81:5240 Maurer, Don, R.T. Keck, J.C. Tinsman and W.A.

Leathern, 1980/81. Vertical migration and mortality of benthos in dredged material. I. Mollusca. Mar. environ. Res., 4(4):299-319. Univ. of Dela- ware, College of Marine Studies, Lewes, Del. 19958, USA.

81:5241 Neff, J.M., R.S. Carr and W.L. McCulloch, 1980/81.

Acute toxicity of a used chrome lignosulphonate drilling mud to several species of marine inver- tebrate. Mar. environ. Res., 4(4):251-266.

Thirteen taxa showed varying toxicity responses; it is concluded that offshore platform discharge of this mud is probably not measurably harming pelagic, demersal or benthic fauna. Dept. of Biology, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, Tex. 77843, USA. (ahm)

81:5242 Renaud-Mornant, Jeanne and Nicole Gourbault,

1980. Survival of meiofauna after the A m o ~ Cadiz oil spill (Modalx Channel, and Roscoff Beach, Brittany, France). Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris, (4)2(A, Zool., 3):759-772. (In French, English abstract.)

Effects of hydrocarbon contamination on subtidal and intertidal meiofauna were studied at intervals of a few days, 1 month and 7 months following the March 1978 spill. No drastic species reductions were evident, but densities were reduced at 1 month. Turbellaria and Copepoda Harpacticoida appeared most affected. Recovery (at 7 months) appeared related to both hydrodynamics and sediment poros- ity; resistance to hydrocarbon toxicity is considered. Lab. de Zool. Mus. National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. (smf)

81:5243 Richardson, L.B. and D.T. Burton, 1981. Toxicity of

ozonated estuarine water to juvenile blue crabs (CMlinectes sap/dus) and juvenile Atlantic men- haden (Brevoortia tyrannus). Bull. environ. Con- tamin. Toxicol., 26(2): 171-178.

This baseline study compared toxicities of 'ozone- produced oxidant" (OPO) and 'chlorine-produced oxidant' (CPO). Findings showed the anti-fouling biocides' toxicities may be similar--both OPO and CPO destroy the gill epithelium and oxygen-carrying components of blood. Acad. of Natural Sci. of Philadelphia, Benedict Estuarine Res. Lab., Bene- dict, Md. 20612, USA. (ahm)

81:5244 Rogerson, Andrew and Jacques Berger, 1981. The

toxicity of the dispersant Corexit 9527 and oil-dispersant mixtures to ciliate Protozoa. Chemosphere, 10(1):33-39. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Toronto, Ont. M5S IAI, Canada.

81:5245 Sanders, J.G., J.H. Batchelder and J.H. Ryther,

1981. Dominance of a stressed marine phytoplankton assemblage by a copper-tolerant pennate diatom. Botanica mar., 24(1):39-41.

Amphiprora paludosa var. hyalina's overwhelming dominance after copper was added to experimental ecosystems and continuing dominance as copper levels decreased suggest that this uncommon (to the study area) species could compete successfully only when the dominant species were stressed. Univ. of Maryland, Chesapeake Biol. Lab., P.O. Box 38, Solomons, Md. 20688, USA. (ahm)

81:5246 Schneppenheim, R., 1980. Concentration of fluoride

in Antarctic animals. Meeresforschung (Repts mar. Res.), 28(2/3): 179-182. Inst. fur Meereskunde an der Univ. Kiel, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-2300 Kiel, FRG.

81:5247 Spies, R.B., K.V. Marsh and J.R. Kercher, 1981.

Dynamics of radionuclide exchange in the cal- careous algae Halimeda at Enewetak Atoll. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(1):74-85.

Rates of uptake and loss of 6°Co, ~37Cs, ~°2mRh, ~-~SEu, 239+24°pu and 24~mm were measured, and compartment sizes and transfer functions were determined using models. Fast- and slow-exchanging compart- ments were discerned, perhaps corresponding to the mucilage surface layer and skeletal surface, respectively. Univ. of Calif., Lawrence Livermore Lab., Livermore, Calif. 94550, USA. (mjj)

j / 81:5248

Subba Rao, D.V.,~981. Effect of boron on primary production of~ianoplankton. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 38(1):5/2-58.

Photosynthesis of Bedford Basin nanoplankton was stimulated by up to 168% by the addition of B (30 mg/L) November-May (low temperature, high nutrients) but was inhibited by up to 62% by additions June-October (high temperature, low nutrients). Effects of B on unialgal cultures depended on culture age and algal species. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Inst. of Oceanography, P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, N.S. B2Y 4A2, Canada. (mjj)

708 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1981) 28 (9)

81:5249 Tagatz, M.E., J.M. lvey, N.R. Gregory and J.L.

Oglesby, 1981. Effects of pentaehlorophenol on field- and laboratory-developed estuarine benthic communities. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 26(1): 137-143.

Response of established benthic communities to 3 levels of pentachlorophenol (PCP) exposure is described in terms of total numbers of species and individuals and also in terms of community structure. u.s. EFA, Environ. Res. Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla. 32561, USA. (bwt)

81:5250 Thomann, R.V., 1981. Equilibrium model of the fate

of microcontaminants in diverse aquatic food chains. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci, 38(3):280-296.

Results of a steady-state compartment food chain model suggest that PCB levels in top predators are due to food chain transfer, that 239pu concentrations are due solely to uptake from the water, and that )37Cs bioaccumulation is primarily due to food chain transfer, largely dependent upon phytoplankton adsorption. Data relating bioconcentration and bioaccumulation factors of PCB, 239pu and ~37Cs to organism size are compiled from the literature. Environ. Eng. and Sci. Program, Manhattan College, Bronx, N.Y. 10471. USA. (mjj)

81:5251 Wong, M.H., 1981. Environmental impacts of iron ore

tailings---the case of Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. Environ. Mgmt, 5(2):135-145.

Moderate amounts of Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn and low levels of macronutrients characterize the tailings which have been colonized by algae, clams, etc. Various methods are suggested for reclaiming this area. Dept. of Biology, Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. (fss)

81:5252 Zeitoun, I.H., J.A. Gulvas and D.B. Roarabaugh,

1981. Effectiveness of fine mesh cylindrical wedge-wire screens in reducing entrainment of Lake Michigan ichthyolp~ankton. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 38(1):120-125.

Larval avoidance (estimated 90%) was the primary factor in the low entrainment observed in the screened and unscreened pipes; "total entrainments through either...were not statistically significant.' Dept. of Environ. Services, Consumers Power Co., Jackson, Mich. 49201, USA. (sir)

81:5253 Zitko, V., 1980. Relationships governing the behavior

of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems and their use in risk assessment. Can. tech. Rept Fish. aquat. Sci., 975:243-265.

Mathematical relationships describing the transport of organic chemicals across water-air (volatilization), water-sediment (adsorption/desorption), and water- biota (uptake/excretion) boundaries are reviewed. Extrapolation of laboratory results to the environment is discussed. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Biol. Station, St. Andrews, N.B., Canada E0G 2X0. (mjj)

E330. Laboratory culture (rearing exper- iments, etc.)

81:5254 Aujero, Eve and Oseni Millamena, 1979. Via~iity of

frozen algae used as food for larval penaeids. SEast Asian Fish. Dev. Cent. (SEAFDEC) q. Res. Rept, l 1 !(4):11-16.

Viable stock cultures of Chaetoeeros caleitrans, Skeletonema eostatum and Tetraselmis ehuii were successfully frozen (with added chemicals as floccu- lants and protectants); the technique was not successful with lsoehrysis galbana. (smf)

81:5255 Rodhouse, P.G., B. Ottway and G.M. Burnell, 1981.

Bivalve production and food chain efficiency in an experimental nursery system. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 61(1):243-256.

Four bivalve species grown in nutrient-enriched onshore tanks with native phytoplankton populations achieved a food chain efficiency of 27%, less than some natural populations, but very high for a nursery system operating on in-situ phytoplankton productivity. Shellfish Res. Lab., Carna, Co. Gal- way, Ireland. (slr)

81:5256 Soeder, C.J., A. Bolze and H.D. Payer, 1981. A

rocking-tray for sterile mass synchronous cultivation of microa i~ . Br. phycol. J., 16(1):1-7. Inst. fur Biotechnologie der Kernforschungsa- nlage Julich GmbH, Postfach 1913, 5170 Julich l, FRG.


E340. Aquaculture (commercial) 81:5257

Grant, J.F., 1981. Abalone culture in Japan: development and current commercial practice. (Re- view.) Tasm. Fish. Res., 23:2-17. Tasmanian Fish. Dev. Authority, Res. and Resource Lab., Taroona, Tasmania 7006.

81:5258 Hanisak, M.D., 1981. Recycling the residues from

anaerobic digesters as a nutrient source for seaweed growth. Botanica mar., 24(1):5%61.

Gracilaria trikvahiae was fermented in anaerobic digesters to produce CH4 gas; the residues were recycled as a source of nutrients for new Gracilaria cultures with an N recovery of 73%. Marine Science Res. Center, SUNY, Stony Brook, N.Y. 11794, USA. (mjj)

81:5259 Lee, Cheng-Sheng and Fei Hu, 1981. Salinity

tolerance and salinity effects on brood size of Tigriopus japonicus Mori. Aquaculture, 22(4): 377-381.

An easily cultured food for marine fish larvae, T. japonicus exhibited extreme tolerance to salinity variations, surviving even at 1.8 ppt S. Nauplii production, while optimum in the range 27-34 ppt, continued to occur even at much lower salinities; little variation was exhibited in spawning interval. Oceanic Inst., Makapuu Point, Waimanalo, Hawaii 96795, USA. (sir)

81:5260 Marteil, Louis et al., 1979. [French conch culture. IlL

Culture of oysters and mytilids.] Revue Tray. Inst. Pdches marit., 43(1):5-130. (In French.) Text is enhanced by numerous photos.

81:5261 Nascimento, I.A. and J.E. Lunetta, 1978. Sexual

cycle of the mangrove oyster as a scientific basis for cultivation activities [Brazil]. Bolm FisioL Anim., Univ. S Paulo, 1978(2):63-98. (In Por- tuguese, English abstract.) Inst. de Biol. da UFBa. Ondina, 40,000 Salvador-Bahia, Brazil.

81:5262 Ryther, J.H., 1981. Mariculture, ocean ranching, and

other culture-bused fisheries. Bioscience, 31(3): 223-230.

Increased food production from mariculture will result from extensive pond culture systems utilizing organisms low on the food chain, polyculture,

fertilization, and new pond-management techniques, together with ocean ranching and other forms of culture-based fishery enhancement. Juveniles for stocking or release will be provided through modern hatchery technology. WHOI, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA.

81:5263 Soeyanto, S.R. and Masao Yamashita, 1979. Closed

Gate System, a possible improvement of brackish water pond culture for peuaeid shrimps. Oseanol. Indones., 12:45-49. Dept. of Agric., Salemba, Jakarta, Indonesia.

81:5264 Trotta, Pasquale, 1981. A simple and inexpensive

system for continuous monoxenic mass culture of marine microaigae. Aquaculture, 22(4):383-387.

Utilizing large plastic bags and tubing attachments, the system is intended to produce algal inocula for batch culture. Lab. for the Biol. Exploitation of the Lagoons, National Research Council, Lesina, Italy. (sir)

E370. Theoretical biology and ecology 81:5265

Axelrod, Robert and W.D. Hamilton, 1981. The evolution of cooperation. Science, 211(4489): 1390-1396.

A model based on game theory which treats probabilistically the possibility of interactions between two individuals is used to formalize 'Darwin's emphasis on individual advantage,' and to demonstrate how cooperation based on reciprocity can become established and thrive. Inst. of Public Policy Studies, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109, USA. (mjj)

FAI0. Miscellaneous

81:5266 Gitelzon, I.I., V.S. Filimonov and V.M. Musonov,

1981. Bloluminesceut glow of the surface water layer of the central Arctic in spring. Dokl. A kad. Nauk SSSR, 256(3):723-726. (In Russian.)

81:5267 Hurst, J.W. and C.M. Yentsch, 1981. Patterns of

intoxication of shellfish in the Gulf of Maine coastal waters. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 38(2): 152-156.

710 OLR (t981)28(9)

Variability in levels of the toxin causing paralytic shellfish poisoning in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) was examined; geographic areas of high and low probability of incidence were identified. Toxin levels tended to rise in spring or late summer, frequently being higher offshore than nearshore or inshore. Dept. of Mar. Resources, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine, USA. (mjj)

81:5268 White, A.W., 1981. Marine zooplankton can accu-

mulate and retain dinoflageilate toxins and cause fish kills. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(1): 103-109.

Zooplankton fed Gonyaulax excavata accumulated maximum levels of its toxins within 6 h (with no apparent adverse effect) and retained toxins several days past the time of gut clearance of particulate material. Results indicate a fairly general mechanism for transmission of toxins through herbivorous zooplankton to higher trophic levels and that toxins can reach sufficient levels in zooplankters to cause fish kills. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Biol. Station, St. Andrews, New Brunswick EOG 2XO, Canada.

F. GENERAL

F10. Apparatus, methods, mathematics (mul t id isc ip l inary)

81:5269 Davis, C.O. and M:S. Simmons (eds.), 1979. Water

chemistry and phytoplankton field and laboratory procedures. Univ. Mich. gt Lakes Res. Div. spec. Rept, 70:ca. 100 pp.

A manual describing the various procedures used in the collection and analysis of lake water samples has been prepared both as a general guide and to describe the methods presently used at the Great Lakes Research Division. (fss)

81:5270 Gale, W.F., 1981. A floatabic, benthic corer for use

with scuba. Hydrobiologia, 77(3):273-275. Ichthyol. Assoc., Inc., R.D. 1, Berwick, Pa. 18603, USA.

81:5271 GaUagher, J.J. et al., 1980/81. Special issue. Ocean

applications of satellite data. Workshop on SEASAT-A, NIMBUS-7, and NOSS. Mar. Technol. Soc. J., 14(6):5-46; 12 papers.

State-of-the-art of ocean monitoring satellites with microwave sensor suites is reviewed and assessed, and applications to the proposed National Oceanic Satellite System (NOSS) are considered. The NOSS

sensor suite combines and updates most of the SEASAT and NIMBUS sensor packages. Topics covered in this workshop include (but are not limited to)" scatterometer-derived ocean surface vector winds, future plans for NASA's Oceanic Processes Program, proposed NOAA oceanic products, and satellite data processing for oceanographic research. (smf)

81:5272 Noriki, Shinichiro, Keita Nakanishi, Teruaki

Fukawa, Mitsuo Uematsu, Tetsuo Uchida and Shizuo Tsunogai, 1980. Use of a sealed Teflon vessel for the decomposition and analysis of chemical constituents of various marine samples [sediments, plankton, particulates]. Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ., 31(4):354-361. (In Japa- nese, English summary.) Lab. of Analyt. Chem., Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Univ., Japan.

81:5273 Selwyn, S. and F.W. McCoy, 1981. A locking-

compass for in-situ sample orientation. Ocean Engng, 8(1):85-90.

A mechanically-actuated locking-compass was de- signed for mounting on corers to provide magnetic orientation data on the recovered core. Locking occurs upon impact; after retrieval, the device is easily unlocked and reset for another station. The

biological oceanography

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