Mid-Continent UniversityBarbara Pierpont, Professor

Prayer needs?Prayer praise?Tell me, very briefly, one miraculous thing that God has done in your life.

Biology studies living things. Living things grow, develop and reproduce

Living things are made of chemical compounds which are made of atoms.

Atoms combine by ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds.

Water is Awesome!

Cells go through a process called cellular respiration in which they

1. take in nutrients 2. break them apart further 3. combine them with other enzymes

and molecules 4. produce energy rich ATP

This is the KREBS cycle

In cellular respiration, the chemical energy in various nutrients, such as glucose, is transferred to ATP. In this form it can be transported to provide the energy needed to carry out metabolic functions. The diagram illustrates the relationships between various aspects of cellular respiration.

Cells run on ATP ATP is made in the Krebs cycle using sugars and enzymes

A total of 36 ATP are made during the cycle.

Every living thing has DNASometimes DNA just floats in the cell, sometimes it’s controlled in nucleus

It is the blueprint for life and is unique to each living thing

Sugar-phosphate ladder “legs” Amino acid ladder “rungs” 4 types of amino acids, 4 types of rungs:

◦ Adenine◦ Thymine◦ Guanine◦ Cytosine

A to T, C to G NEVER AC or CC or GG or AA or etc.

Made from the proteins you eat

Remember: A to T, C to G

AAT AGG CCC TGC ATA

Meiosis made my toes-ies!

Every living thing repairs damage to its cells by mitosis.

Mitosis is the creation of a new cell by cellular division.

Since every living thing must have DNA, the DNA must divide, too

Interphase or G1ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase

The cell spends most of its time here

We used to think that it was the ‘resting’ phase of the cell but now …

Busy, busy!

During this phase the cell gets prepared to divide by moving chromosomes around.

The purpose of mitosis is to create new cells to 1. repair, 2. replace, and 3. grow

Mitosis does not create a new organism.

Your new organism must have the same number of chromosomes as you.

Cloning the answer?What do we see instead?

Meiosis not only divides the cell, but it divides the number of chromosomes in half.

Interphase 1 or G1 Prophase 1 Metaphase 1 Anaphase 1 Teleophase 1 BUT….wait there’s more!!

Interphase 2 or G2 Prophase 2 plus cross over Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2 Teleophase 2

Difference? Gametes or sex cells.

Without diversity, we would all be the same as Adam and Eve. Problem with that?

Same as mitosis for the first part, then….

Mendel crossed pea plants and came to the conclusion of how some genes can be “dominant” while some are “recessive”

This is can be very simple or very complicated depending on what we’re looking at.

Some are easy – eye color in humans, roll your tongue, your earlobes, your thumb, red hair

Predilection for diseases like sickle cell, certain cancers, diabetes.

Some are sex linked like hemophilia, deafness

BUT we can figure them out!

A little tool for figuring out how an offspring might look.

Learn and Practice

XXY females XXX males XYX males

Discuss: Testing – yes or no? Curing – yes or no? Preventing – yes or no?

If we make our DNA from the proteins we eat, what about genetically modified foods?

Are they safe? What are you seeing in the general public that might be GMF related?

How will this work into your final paper?

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Class code: GBEHULKFWG

Register for class Look for Cell Division and work now in

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