biology a little bit of bio-chemistry. atoms and elements all things are made up of elements all...

26
Biology A little bit of Bio- Chemistry

Upload: ada-foster

Post on 27-Dec-2015

216 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • Slide 1
  • Biology A little bit of Bio-Chemistry
  • Slide 2
  • Atoms and Elements All things are made up of Elements All elements are made up of Atoms Atoms have 3 parts Protons positive charge Neutrons no charge (neutral) Electrons negative charge Atom = Smallest Unique particle Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
  • Slide 3
  • The Periodic Table There are only 90 elements that occur naturally Of the 90, only 25 are essential to life Of these, only 4 make up 96% of the mass of a human: C, H, O, N
  • Slide 4
  • Atoms are not lonely! Ionic covalent When two atoms are held together, they form a bond If they are held together like magnets with positive and negative charges they are held together by an IONIC bond. This is the strongest bond! When the atoms share their electrons, a COVALENT bond is formed.
  • Slide 5
  • Homework Quiz 1.What are polymers and what are they made of? 2.Why is carbon good at forming polymers? 3.What are proteins made of? 4.What is the function of lipids?
  • Slide 6
  • Why is this Important? Carbon is special! It can form 4 covalent bonds (it can share 4 electrons) with other molecules.
  • Slide 7
  • Carbon can Share in a variety of ways. Single bonds are formed when atoms share 1 electron Double bonds form with atoms share 2 electrons Triple bonds form when atoms share 3 electrons
  • Slide 8
  • Long and Big Molecules Can be made!
  • Slide 9
  • Polymers Polymers are large molecules containing many monomers Monomer a single unit of a polymer
  • Slide 10
  • How are Polymers Made? Dehydration Synthesis Removing water to make something
  • Slide 11
  • How are Polymers Broken? Polymers are broken by Hyrolysis
  • Slide 12
  • Organic Molecules Definition: Organic have Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) And sometimes (N)
  • Slide 13
  • Types of organic Material Proteins Lipids Starch Nucleic Acids
  • Slide 14
  • Organic Molecules are Polymers Polymer A long chain of monomers
  • Slide 15
  • Polymers Large Molecules made of smaller molecules called monomers Ex. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids How do I build a polymer? How do I break a polymer down?
  • Slide 16
  • Carbohydrates Monosaccharides: formula in a multiple of CH 2 O are in the form of rings. Examples: Glucose, Fructose; Disaccharide: two monosacchardes joined by glycosidic linkage. Examples: sucrose, maltose; lactose Polysaccharides: hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides joined together Ex. Glycogen, Starch, cellulose, and chitin
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Cellulose
  • Slide 20
  • Lipids (fats) Triglycerides Saturated all single bonds From animal fat; butter Unsaturated some double bonds From plant oils; peanut and olive oil These store the largest amount of energy!! Phospholipids Phosphate head with fatty acid tail Used in Cell membranes to let things in and out
  • Slide 21
  • Triglyceride Formation
  • Slide 22
  • Phospholipids
  • Slide 23
  • Functions of Proteins Structural Support Transport Storage Signaling Movement Defense Regulation (our enzymes fall here)
  • Slide 24
  • Protein a polymer of Amino Acids
  • Slide 25
  • Nucleic Acids These make up DNA and RNA These store the information need to make all of the proteins in your body
  • Slide 26