Biology AHSGE

Standard IX- Five and Six Kingdom Classifications (2

questions)

Five and Six Kingdom Classification

CONTENT STANDARD 9. Differentiate between the previous five-kingdom and current six-kingdom classification systems.

ELIGIBLE CONTENTA. Identify and define similarities and

differences between the five-kingdom and six-kingdom classification systems.

5 Kingdom Classification

Domain Bacteria• Kingdom Monera- Unicellular and prokaryoticDomain Eukarya2. Kingdom Protista- Unicellular/multicellular and

eukaryotic3. Kingdom Fungi- Unicellular/Multicellular, eukaryotic

and decomposers4. Kingdom Plantae- Multicellular, eukaryotic and

autotrophic5. Kingdom Animalia- Multicellular, eukaryotic and

heterotrophic

6 Kingdom Classification

Domain Bacteria

1. Kingdom Eubacteria- Unicellular and prokaryotic with peptidoglycan

Domain Archaea

2. Kingdom Archaea- Unicellular and prokaryotic without peptidoglycan

Domain Eukarya

3. Kingdom Protista- Unicellular/multicellular and eukaryotic

4. Kingdom Fungi- Unicellular/Multicellular, eukaryotic and decomposers

5. Kingdom Plantae- Multicellular, eukaryotic and autotrophic

6. Kingdom Animalia- Multicellular, eukaryotic and heterotrophic

KINGDOM MONERA (EUBACTERIA AND

ARCHAEA)

• Members: Bacteria and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)• Unicellular• Prokaryotic (No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles)• Autotrophic or heterotrophic• Anaerobic or aerobic

– Anaerobic- Do not require oxygen• Obligate- Oxygen is poisonous

• Facultative- Can withstand small amounts of oxygen

– Aerobic- Require oxygen

Bacteria• Exist in three shapes:

– Bacilli- Rod shaped

– Cocci- Round shaped

– Spirilla- Spiral shaped

Domain Bacteria- Kingdom Eubacteria

• Prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan (polymer of two kinds of sugars)

• Mostly heterotrophic• Some aerobes, some anaerobes• Examples: Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)

and Staphylococcus• Many bacteria in your body

Domain and Kingdom Archaea

• Archaebacteria- Prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan

• More ancient than true bacteria• Mostly heterotrophic• Extremophiles- Live in extreme environments

– Thermophiles- Live in extreme temperatures– Halophiles- Live in extremely saline environments– Methanogens- Obligate anaerobe; use CO2 in

respiration and produce methane

Kingdom Protista

• Eukaryotic

• Unicellular or multicellular

• Many colonial- Live together in groups

• Can not form organs

• Do not fit in other kingdoms; left-over or catch-all kingdom

Kingdom Protista

1. Algae- Plant-like protists – Perform photosynthesis

– Example: kelp and plankton

2. Protozoans- Animal-like protists– Examples: Amoeba or

paramecium

Kingdom Protista

3. Fungus-like protists– Examples: Slime molds

and mildew

4. Euglenoids- Plant and animal-like– Have chloroplasts and can

perform photosynthesis

– Example: Euglena

Kingdom Fungi

• Unicellular or multicellular; eukaryotic• Heterotrophic• Lack motility (movement)• Cell walls composed of chitin (rigid

polymer that provides structural support)• Hyphae- Thread-like filaments fungi are

made of– Growth, feeding and reproduction

• Mushrooms, yeast, mold, lichens

Kingdom Fungi• Parasites- Grow and

feed on other organisms

• Decomposer- Breaks down dead materials to absorb nutrients– Saprobe- Gets

nourishment from dead/decaying material

Kingdom Fungi

• Lichen- Fungi that live in a mutualistic relationship with algae– Fungus feeds off algae

– Algae lives on hyphae

Kingdom Plantae

• Most autotrophic- contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis

• Multicellular; eukaryotic

• Cell walls composed of cellulose

• Cells form tissues and some organs: roots, stems, and leaves

• Basis of all terrestrial (land) habitats

• Lack motility

Kingdom Animalia

• Heterotrophic

• Mutlicellular; eukaryotic

• No cell walls

• Cells organize into tissues and then into organs

• Organs often organize into organ systems

• Live in water, on land and in air

• Most motile (able to move); some lack motility as adults