biology higher leel paper 1 - ib documents past papers - year/2018... · 2019. 9. 24. · biology...
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BiologyHigher levelPaper 1
15 pages
Monday 14 May 2018 (afternoon)
1 hour
Instructions to candidates
• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Answer all the questions.• For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on
the answer sheet provided.• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [40 marks].
© International Baccalaureate Organization 2018
M18/4/BIOLO/HPM/ENG/TZ1/XX
2218 – 6007
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1. Common pesticides used by gardeners contain neonicotinoids.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2018]
Whatistheeffectofaneonicotinoidpesticideonthetransmissionofanerveimpulsebetweenneurons in an insect?
A. Itpreventsthereleaseofacetylcholinefromthepresynapticmembrane.
B. Itwidensthesynapticcleftsodiffusionofacetylcholineacrossthegapisslower.
C. Itirreversiblybindswithacetylcholinereceptorsonthepostsynapticmembrane.
D. Itinterfereswiththeenzymaticbreakdownofacetylcholinebyacetylcholinesterase.
2. Howdoespotassiummoveacrossthemembraneofaneuronduringrepolarization?
A. Simplediffusion
B. Facilitateddiffusion
C. Endocytosis
D. Activetransport
3. Whichorganelleprovidesevidencethateukaryoticcellsoriginatedwhenlargeprokaryotesengulfedsmallfree-livingprokaryotes?
A. Chloroplast
B. Nucleoid
C. 80S ribosome
D. Vacuole
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4. Theconcentrationsofcyclinsriseandfallincellsatcertaintimes.
Cyclin D
Cyclin E Cyclin A Cyclin B
[Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin#/media/File:Cyclin_Expression.svg]
What times are these?
A. Day and night
B. Seasonsoftheyear
C. Stagesofmitosisandinterphase
D. Developmentalstagesinthelifecycle
5. Whatfeatureofcarbonmakesitmostsuitableasabasisforlife?
A. Its abundance in nature
B. Its bonding properties
C. Itsreactivitytolight
D. ItspresenceintheearlyatmosphereoftheEarth
6. Howarefatsandcholesteroltransportedintheblood?
A. Asgroupsofmoleculesinsidevesicles
B. Asindividualmoleculescoatedinphospholipids
C. Asindividualmoleculesboundtoaprotein
D. Asgroupsofmoleculesinlipoproteincomplexes
Turn over
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7. Whichfattyacidwouldoccurinatransfat?
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[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2018]
8. Whichproteinhasthehighesttensilestrength(abilitytoresistbreakingwhenstretched)?
A. Cellulose
B. Actin
C. Spidersilk
D. Albumin
9. WhatdoDNAreplication,transcriptionandtranslationhaveincommon?
A. Takeplaceincellnucleus
B. Requirefreenucleotides
C. Catalysed by polymerase
D. Complementary base pairing
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10. Whatisalwayspassedtothenextgenerationasaresultofsexualreproduction?
A. Homologouschromosomesfromthemother
B. Achromatidfromeverychromosomeofthefather
C. Ahaploidsetofchromosomesfromthemother
D. Allallelesfromeachparent
11. Whendosplittingofcentromeres,randomassortmentofchromosomesorreductiondivisionofchromosomestakeplace?
A. Interphase and meiosis I
B. Meiosis I only
C. Meiosis I and meiosis II
D. Meiosis II only
12. WhichgenotypewouldbeseeninapersonsufferingfromHuntington’sdisease?
A. Hh
B. hh
C. XHY
D. XhY
13. Forwhatpurposearerestrictionendonucleasesusedinthelaboratory?
A. TolimitthelengthofDNAmoleculesinthenucleus
B. TocutspecificbasesequencestoopenDNAmolecules
C. TopreventreleaseofDNAfromthenucleus
D. ToprotectviralDNAfromdigestionbybacterialenzymes
Turn over
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14. Thethree-toedsloth,Bradypus variegatus,livesintreetopswhereitfeedsonleaves.Italsofeedsonalgaeandfungiwhichliveinitsfur.
[Source:Imagefromhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bradypus_variegatus.jpg.ChristianMehlführer. LicensedunderCCby2.5https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/deed.en]
Inwhichtrophicgroupshouldthethree-toedslothbeclassified?
A. Autotroph
B. Consumer
C. Detritivore
D. Saprotroph
15. Animalsinthehighesttrophiclevelofafoodchainwilloftenbethelargestinbodysizebutwillbefewinnumbers.Whataccountsforthesmallnumbers?
A. Foodeatenbyanimalsatthehighesttrophiclevelhasalowerenergycontentpergram
B. Energylossesthroughthefoodchain
C. Conversionofheatenergyintochemicalenergy
D. Biomassofproducersissmall
16. Whichconditionsfavourpeatformation?
A. Dry Aerobic Acidic
B. Wet Anaerobic Acidic
C. Dry Anaerobic Basic
D. Wet Aerobic Acidic
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17. Balkangreenlizards,Lacerta trilineata,livinginmainlandGreeceeatmostlyinsectsbutalsosmallamountsofplants.ThesamespecieslivingonGreekislands(whereinsectsarescarce)showagreaterpercentageofthosephysicaltraitsusefulforeatingplantsthanthemainlandlizards.
[Source:PennyTurner/WikimediafilelicensedunderCCBY-SA4.0https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en]
Whatisthebiologicalexplanationfortheseobservations?
A. Variationineachlizardpopulationallowedadaptationtooccur.
B. Lizardsmigratedtoareaswheretheywerebetteradapted.
C. Lizardsontheislandsdivergedduetolackofinterbreedingwiththemainlandpopulation.
D. Homologousstructureshavepreventedseparatespeciesfromevolving.
18. Whichphylumshowsradialsymmetry?
A. Annelida
B. Cnidaria
C. Platyhelmintha
D. Porifera
Turn over
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19. ThecladogramwasconstructedusingDNAbasesequencesfromsixspecies.Whichnodeindicatesthegreatestdifferenceinbasesequences?
Species I
Species II
Species III
Species IV
Species V
Species VI
C.B.
A.
D.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2018]
20. Bacteriafromchickenfecescancausealossofintestinalvilliinsmallchildrenwhohappentoeatdirtinruralvillages.Whicheffectcouldbeexpectedfromsuchalossofvilli?
A. Insufficientabsorptionofstarch
B. Failuretodigestdietaryfibre
C. Malnutrition
D. Anincreaseinmicrovilli
21. Whenintensephysicalactivityisanticipated,whichfactorinthebloodwillincreasethefrequencyofsinoatrialsignalstoheartmuscle?
A. pH
B. Oxygenlevel
C. Thyroxin
D. Epinephrine
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22. Mucustrapspathogenicbacteria.Mucusalsoattractsvirusesthatattackpathogenicbacteria.
Virus particles
[Source: EYE OF SCIENCE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY]
Whatpartoftheimmunesystemdothesevirusesresembleintheirfunction?
A. Antigens
B. Antibodies
C. Memory cells
D. Antibiotics
23. Howaretheinsidesofalveolipreventedfromstickingtogether?
Method of prevention Produced by
A. Surfactant Type I pneumocytes
B. Surfactant Type II pneumocytes
C. Pressure MixtureofO2 and CO2withinalveoli
D. Pressure CO2 concentration gradient inside capillaries
Turn over
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24. Neuralpathwaysinlivingbrainscannowbemappedbytrackingthemovementofwatermoleculesinsideaxons.Whatkeepswatermoleculesinsideaxons?
A. Plasma membrane
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. Pump proteins
D. Synapse
25. What releases leptin?
A. Thyroid gland
B. Hypothalamus
C. Pineal gland
D. Adipose tissue
26. WhichinformationaboutDNAstructurewasdeducedfromtheX-raydiffractionpatternsobtainedbyRosalindFranklin?
A. Presenceofpurinesandpyrimidines
B. Helical shape
C. Antiparallel strand arrangement
D. Deoxyribosebackbone
27. WhatdoeseukaryoticDNAhavethatismissingfromprokaryoticDNA?
A. Uracil
B. Promoter DNA
C. Introns
D. Coding sequences
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28. What are polysomes?
A. Stringsofaminoacids
B. PackagesofeighthistoneswithDNA
C. ManyribosomesjoinedtoonemRNA
D. ComplexesoftRNAwithaminoacids
29. Isoleucinewillinhibitthereactionpathwayshownbelowwhentheconcentrationofisoleucineexceedsthecellrequirements.
threonine intermediate I intermediate II intermediate III intermediate IV isoleucineE1 E2 E3 E4 E5
Which enzyme does isoleucine inhibit?
A. Enzyme E1
B. Enzyme E2
C. Enzyme E3
D. Enzyme E5
30. WhathappenswhenpyruvateisconvertedtoacetylCoAinthelinkreaction?
A. Decarboxylation
B. Phosphorylation
C. Hydrolysis
D. Reductionofpyruvate
31. ATPisneededtochangeproductsofthecarboxylationofribulosebisphosphateinto triose phosphate. What other substance is also needed?
A. Rubisco
B. NADP
C. NAD
D. Reduced NADP
Turn over
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32. Howdowatermoleculesenterrootcells?
A. Transpiration
B. Tension
C. Capillary action
D. Osmosis
33. Inaplant,whattissue(s)is/arespeciallyadaptedtotransportsucrose?
Cortex Phloem Xylem
A.
B.
C.
D.
34. Fruit-eatingbatslivinginprotectedBrazilianrainforestsareattractedoutoftheforeststoflyoveradjacentclearedland.Whichphaseofplantlifecouldthebatsbeassisting?
A. Germination
B. Flowering
C. Pollination
D. Seed dispersal
35. Whatformswhentwodifferentchromatidsofthesamehomologouspaircrossover?
A. Daughter centromere
B. Chiasma
C. Chromosome mutation
D. Telomere
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36. Whatcouldaccountforthisdistributionofheightinapopulation?
120 140 160 180 200 220
Height / cm
HeightofNorthAmericanmen
Freq
uenc
y
[Source:GraphadaptedfromSixMinuteshttp://sixminutes.dlugan.com/good-public-speaker-average/]
A. Genelinkage
B. Dominant alleles
C. Independent assortment
D. Multiple genes
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37. AvaccineagainstmeningitisA,adeadlybacterialdisease,haseradicatedthediseasein16Africancountriessince2010.However,meningitisAstillexistsinthosecountrieswherepeopleareunvaccinated.
Whatarethepossibleaimsofepidemiologicalresearchsuchasthis?
Test vaccine effectiveness
Identify distribution of disease
Identify cause of disease
A.
B.
C.
D.
Removedforcopyrightreasons
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38. Whatmovementoccursattheelbowandwhatisthestateofthetricepswhenliftinganappletotakeabitefromit?
Movement of the elbow
State of the triceps
A. extension relaxed
B. flexion contracting
C. extension contracting
D. flexion relaxed
39. Thepresenceofproteinssuchasalbumininaurinesampleindicateskidneydamage.Whereinthekidneywouldthedamageexist?
A. Renal artery
B. Cortex
C. Medulla
D. Pelvis
40. WhatcontributestothetotalDNAcontentofazygote?
Sperm EggNucleus Mitochondria Nucleus Mitochondria
A.
B.
C.
D.
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