biology journal 3/11/2014
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Biology Journal 3/11/2014. What do “excitatory” and “inhibitory” mean? Which of these drugs are excitatory , and which are inhibitory?. Biology Journal 3/11/2014. Excitatory = increase neurotransmitters and thus signals Inhibitory = decrease neurotransmitters and thus signals. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Biology Journal 3/11/2014
What do “excitatory” and “inhibitory” mean? Which of these drugs are excitatory, and which are inhibitory?
Drug Excitatory or Inhibitory effects on nervous system?
Cocaine
Alcohol (ethanol)
Nicotine
Amphetamines (such as “meth”)
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)
Benzodiazepines (such as valium, xanax, diazepam, and other
antidepressants)
Biology Journal 3/11/2014Excitatory = increase neurotransmitters and thus signalsInhibitory = decrease neurotransmitters and thus signals
Drug Excitatory or Inhibitory effects on nervous system?
Cocaine Excitatory
Alcohol (ethanol) Inhibitory
Nicotine Excitatory
Amphetamines (such as “meth”) Excitatory
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) Inhibitory
Benzodiazepines (such as valium, xanax, diazepam, and other
antidepressants)Excitatory
What organs make up the central nervous system?
What organs make up the peripheral nervous system?
1. What kind of neuron is A?
2. What kind of neuron is B?
3. What kind of neuron is C?
AB
C
A is a motor neuron because it attaches to a muscle.B is a sensory neuron because it has sensory receptors for dendrites.C is a relay neuron because it connects neurons to other neurons. A
BC
Label this diagram
5
8
6
3
27
1
4
Label this diagram
Neurotransmitters
Receptor (for neurotransmitters)
Vesicle
Dendrite
Synapse
Transport protein
(for reuptake of neurotransmitters)
Axon terminal
Mitochondrion
What are the effects of cocaine on the synapse?Cocaine blocks dopamine transporter proteins (also known as re-uptake proteins), thus dopamine stays in the synapse, overstimulating the dopamine receptors in the receiving neuron.
What are the effects of THC on the synapse?THC reduces the release of dopamine-inhibitors. Thus, lots of dopamine is freely released, causing overstimulation of dopamine receptors.(remember, THC “inhibits the inhibitor of dopamine,” “blocks the blocker,” “shuts down the shutdowner,” etc.)
What could be some reasons that drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine are so addictive?
These drugs influence dopamine and other neurotransmitters that are involved in feelings of pleasure, calm, and the reward mechanism of the brain.
1. What is the charge inside of an axon when it is polarized?
2. What is the charge inside of an axon when it is depolarized?
3. What is the charge inside of an axon when it is repolarized?
Polarized: (-) inside axon, (+) outside axon. This is the starting, or “resting” potential.Depolarized: (+) inside axon, (-) outside axon. This occurs when the Na+1 diffuses into the axon.Repolarized: (-) inside axon, (+) outside axon. This happens when the K+1 diffuses out of the axon.
Label this neuron cell1
4 6
2
8
53
7
Label this neuron cellDendrites
Myelin sheath Schwann cell
Cell body (soma)
Axon terminals
AxonNucleus
Node of Ranvier
When does the inside of an axon have a negative charge? (write all correct letters)
A C D F G
A. When it is polarizedB. When it is depolarizedC. When it is repolarizedD. Resting potential
E. After sodium diffuses inF. After potassium diffuses outG. After the Na/K pump has reset the ions following an action potential
Which parts of an action potential involve passive transport?
A B D
A. When Na enters the neuronB. When K leaves the neuronC. When the Na/K pump is moving ions
D. DepolarizationF. The reuptake of neurotransmitters by transport proteinsG. The exocytosis of neuro-transmitters into the synapse
What step on the graph…A. is the resting potential?B. does Na diffuse into the neuron?C. is repolarization?D. does the Na/K pump re-position the ions?E. is the inside of the axon positive?
01452 and/or 3
What does the myelin sheath do for a neuron?
The myelin sheath speeds up and protects the electrical signal (action potential)
6.5 Nerves6.5.1 State that the nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nerves,
and is composed of cells called neurons that can carry rapid electrical impulses.
6.5.2 Draw and label a diagram of the structure of a motor neuron. Dendrites and cell body with nucleus Axon and myelin sheath nodes of Ranvier motor end plates
6.5.3 State that nerve impulses are conducted from receptors to the CNS by sensory neurons, within the CNS by relay neurons, and from the CNS to effectors by motor neurons.
6.5.4 Define resting potential and action potential (depolarization and repolarization).
6.5.5 Explain how a nerve impulse passes along a non-myelinated neuron. Include the movement of Na+ and K+ ions to create a resting potential and an action potential.
6.5.6 Explain the principles of synaptic transmission. the release, diffusion and binding of the neurotransmitter initiation of an action potential in the post-synaptic membrane subsequent removal of the neurotransmitter
6.5.1 State that the nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nerves, and is composed of cells called neurons that can carry rapid electrical impulses.