biology module inheritance3

8/10/2019 Biology Module Inheritance3

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CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE1

Chapter 5 : INHERITANCE

Activity 1 : INHERITANCE GRAND

CROSSWORD CHALLENGE

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CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE2

Across

1. Geneticall !!!!!!!! or"anisms are those or"anisms that ha#e ac$%ired one or more"enes & arti'icial means

6. (he do%&le heli) in *+, is held to"ether & !!!!!!!! &onds8. !!!!!!! -i&rosis is a common hereditar disease that ca%se the patients to ha#e

a&normall thic and stic m%c%s that harms the l%n"s9. /etero"o%s 'emales are nown as !!!!!!!!!! o' /aemophilia15. Genetic !!!!!!!!!! is a techni$%e o' "ene manip%lation to create new com&inations o'

"enes16. n endels e)periment since (( are two same alleles the or"anism is re'erred to as

!!!!!!!! 17. ' the indi#id%al has the rhes%s 'actor he is nown as h!!!!!!!!!!! 18. endell carried o%t !!!!!pollination on two plants & trans'errin" the pollen "rains 'rom tall

plant onto the sti"ma o' the short plant20. !!!!! cells can &e isolated 'rom the em&ros at the &astocst sta"e21. 22 homolo"o%s pairs o' chromosomes in h%man cells are called !!!!!!!!! meanwhile

and are called se) chromosomes

25. Condition in which the &lood does not clot normall d%e to lac o' protein needed 'or normal&lood clottin"

26. (he o&ser#a&le characteristics o' an or"anism lie colo%r sie 'orm and str%ct%re isre'erred to as !!!!!!

27. E)amples o' monoh&rid inheritance other than sicle cell anaemia /%tin"tons disease andhes%s &lood "ro%ps

29. (he word homolo"o%s means !!!!!!!! in position str%ct%re and ori"in &%t not necessarillsimilar in '%nction

31. !!!!!!! $%are is a "rid or chart to show the possi&le com&inations o' "ametes 'or a cross35. :rinciples o' !!!!!!!!! states that one 'actor or "ene in a pair ma pre#ent the other 'rom

&ein" e)pressed36. !!!!!!!! are o''sprin" o' parents di''erin" in at least one characteristic38. nheritance depends on the trans'er o' !!!!!!!!! 'actors 'rom parents to o''sprin"

39. !!!!!!!!! are di''erent 'orms o' the same "ene 'or a trait and occ%p the same relati#eposition on a pair o' homolo"o%s chromosomes

41. (he word ;allele; is 'rom a Gree word ;allelon; which means !!!!!!!!! or parallel43. *+, !!!!!!!!!!! is a proced%re which analses a persons %ni$%e collection o' *+,

se"ments44. (he /%man !!!!!!! :ro<ect aim to identi' the names and location o' all the h%man "enes

on the 22 pairs o' a%tosomes and the and chromosomes45. =hen chromosomes are arran"ed and n%m&ered & sie startin" 'rom lar"est pair to

smallest pair 46. !!!!!!!!! are &asic %nits o' inheritance which occ%p speci'ic positions on chromosomes47. , recessi#e allele onl e)presses itsel' when the dominant allele is !!!!!!!!!! 48. Each n%cleotide contains a s%"ar !!!!!!!!! "ro%p and a nitro"eno%s &ase49. =hen &oth alleles are present the &oth ha#e an e''ect50. , *+, molec%le consists o' millions o' n%cleotides 'o%nd in two chains called

!!!!!!!!!!!!!! chains

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CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE3

Dow

2. Each characteristics is controlled & a pair o' !!!!!!!

3. (he prod%ce identical !!!!!!!!!! that show the same traits as their parents4. (rans'er o' "ene on the *+, molec%le 'rom one li#in" or"anism onto the *+, molec%le o'

another or"anism is re'erred to as !!!!!!!!!! *+, technolo"5. Certain proteins called !!!!!!! on the mem&rane o' red &lood cells ca%se a""l%tination7. Genetics composition o' an or"anism and cannot &e seen10. ,llele 'or the short trait is called the !!!!!!! allele11. (he "enotpic !!!!! o' the -illial 2 "eneration is 1 ((> 2(t > 1tt12. , cross which in#ol#es two pairs o' alleles determinin" two characteristics is called a

!!!!!!!!! cross13. (he mem&ers o' each pair o' alleles separate or se"re"ate d%rin" the 'ormation o' "ametes.

?nl !!!! allele can &e carried in a sin"le "amete14. -actors se"re"ate or separate d%rin" !!!!! 'ormation so that each !!!!!!!! contains onl

one o' a pair o' 'actors 'or a "i#en characteristic

19. -irst @aw o' nheritance also nown as the @aw o' !!!!!!!!!!! 22. childhood disease ca%sed & a recessi#e "ene and a''ects the haemo"lo&in in red &lood

cells23. (he passin" on o' "enetic instr%ctions 'rom "eneration to "eneration24. (he position o' the "ene is called !!!!!! 26. cienti'ic name 'or "arden pea in endels e)periment is !!!!!!!! sati#%m28. *+, is made %p o' %nits called !!!!!!!!!!! 30. !!!!!!!! inheritance means inherintance in#ol#in" a sin"le characteristic determined &

one "ene32. (he res%lt o' the parental cross appeared in the 'irst "eneration is called the 'irst !!!!!

"eneration33. , !!!!&reedin" pea plant is o&tained a'ter man "enerations o' sel' pollination34. tem cells can also &e o&tained 'rom !!!!!!!! tiss%e 'rom terminated pre"nancies

37. (he second law o' inheritance is also nown as @aw o' !!!!!!!!!! ,ssortment40. Genes that control #ario%s traits on and chromosomes are called se)!!!!!!! "enes41. (he !!!!!!!! 'actor is a "ro%p o' anti"ens in red &lood cells that will ca%se a""l%tination

when it reacts with anti&odies 'rom indi#id%als witho%t this anti"en42. !!!!!!!! &lindness is ca%sed & a recessi#e allele carried on the chromosomes44. (he scienti'ic st%d o' inheritance48. (wo or more !!!!! o' alleles se"re"ate indipendentl o' one another d%rin" the 'ormation o'

"ametes

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CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE4

Activity ! :

,nalse the statements &elow. Choose the TR"E statements.

+o. tatements#ALSE$ TR"E

1. /ereditar 'actors called "enes determine the characteristicso' an or"anisms

2. +%cleic acids are s%ita&le as hereditar material &eca%se thecannot chan"e

3 (he passin" o' "enetics instr%ctions 'rom "eneration to"eneration is called inheritance

4 ,n or"anism which has di''erent alleles o' a certain trait is saidto &e "eneticall homolo"o%s

5 Genes are located on chromosomes

6 Genes are made %p o' se#eral chromosomes7 Chromosomes are made o' *+, "enes are made o' +,

8

Choose the (AE statement.

• ,ll o' their sons will &e haemophiliacs.

• ,ll o' their da%"hters will &e normal.

• (he pro&a&ilit o' "ettin" haemophiliac sons is 75B

• ,ll their children will &e normal

• !!!!!

• !!!!!

• !!!!!

• !!!!!

9 ,mon" rhes%s 'actor o' mother and 'irst &a& which will ca%sepro&lem the second child who is hpositi#e when she is inmothers %ter%sD

Choose the (AE statements

other -irst a& (r%e F -alse hne"ati#e hpositi#e

hpositi#e hpositi#e

hne"ati#e hne"ati#e

hpositi#e hne"ati#e

, woman who is a carrier 'or haemophilia marries a manwho is normal.

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CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE5

10. (he 'i"%re shows a monoh&rid cross &etween two d%rian trees : and H. 50B o' theo''sprin" prod%ce thic 'lesh while the other 50B prod%ce thin 'lesh. n d%rian trees thic'lesh are dominant o#er thin 'lesh.

:arents> *%rian tree : *%rian tree HIthic 'leshJ Ithin 'leshJ

?''sprin" *%rian tree *%rian tree Ithic 'leshJ 50B Ithin 'leshJ 50B

' d%rian tree is crossed with d%rian tree what percenta"e o' the trees will prod%cethin 'leshD

:ercenta"e (r%e F -alse

0B

50B

20B

75B

11.

*ia"ram 1*ia"ram 1 shows the arotpe o' an indi#id%al.

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CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE6

=hich o' the 'ollowin" shows the n%m&er o' chromosomes in a "amete prod%ced & theindi#id%alD Choose the TR"E statements.

tatements (r%e F -alse22 K

22 K

44 K

44 K

12. (he 'ollowin" in'ormation shows the alleles &elon"in" to a pair o' married co%ple.

=hich o' the 'ollowin" crosses prod%ces male pro"en who all ha#e colo%r &lindnessD

Crosses (r%e F -alse& ) &

) &

& )

) &&

STR"CT"RED RES%ONSE1.

6

> dominant allele& > recessi#e allele 'or colo%r &lindness



CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE7

*ia"ram 2

ased on the h%man arotpe in *ia"ram 1.

a. i. tate the total chromosome n%m&er in a h%man somatic cell.LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

ii. tate one di''erence and one similarit &etween the male arotpe and'emale arotpe.

ale arotpe -emale arotpe

imilarit

*i''erence

&.i. H and ( represent the "ametes prod%ced d%rin" process :. Complete dia"ram1 to show the n%m&er and tpe o' chromosomes inherited & "amete H and (.

ii. *escri&e the process :.

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

cJ Colo%r &lindness is a recessi#e trait which is inherited thro%"h the chromosome.n a 'amil the mother is a carrier o' the trait while the 'ather has normal #ision.

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CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE8

iJ Complete the schematic dia"ram &elow to show how colo%r &lindness co%ldocc%r in that 'amil.

*ia"ram 3 iiJ ased on o%r answer in IcJ IiJ what percenta"e o' the o''sprin" wo%ld &e

colo%r &lind D

LLLLLLLLLLLLB.

dJ n another 'amil o' si) children the mother is a carrier o' the colo%r &lind allelewhile the 'ather is normal. +one o' the "irls in the 'amil is a carrier and none o' the &os inherited colo%r &lindness.

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL


LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL..

2. *ia"ram 2.1 shows the inheritance o' '%r colo%r in ra&&its.

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CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE9

*ia"ram 2.1

aJ tate the "enotpe and phenotpe o' ra&&it :.

Genotpe >LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

:henotpe >LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL. M 2 marsN

&J / represents the dominant allele 'or &lac '%r while h represents the recessi#e allele'or white '%r.

iJ E)plain wh / and h are called alleles. M 2 mars N


LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLiiJ =hat happens to allele / and allele h d%rin" the 'ormation o' "ametesD

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL M 1 mar N

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CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE10

cJ *ia"ram 2.2 shows a cross &etween o''sprin" and o''sprin" . is hetero"o%s'or '%r colo%r.

*ia"ram 2.2

iJ =hat are the possi&le "enotpes o' D M 1 mar N

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL..

iiJ E)plain the inheritance o' '%r colo%r & ra&&it . M 2 mars N

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

dJ *ia"ram 2.3 shows o''sprin" is crossed with o''sprin" A .

*ia"ram 2.3

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CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE11

&'estio (:I&J , *+, molec%le consists o' two n%cleotide chains. Complete *ia"ram 4.2 to

show a *+,molec%le.

:art o' one o' the n%cleotide chains has &een drawn.

Dia)ra* +,!M3 marsN

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CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE12

IcJ n *ia"ram 4.3 , c d and E represent the "enes 'o%nd on a chromosome. ,'ter a certain treatment "ene , is 'o%nd missin".

Dia)ra* +,(

IiJ +ame the process that has taen place on the chromosome.

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

M1 marNIiiJ +ame one 'actor that ca%ses the process in 4IcJIiJ.

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL...

M1 marN

aJ nheritance iJ ,lternati#e 'orms o' thesame "ene.

&J Characteristics iiJ Each #ariant 'or apartic%lar characteristic

cJ(rait iiiJ, distincti#e inherited'eat%re o' an or"anism

dJ,lleles i#J , &asic %nit o'

inheritance.eJ Gene #J(ransmission o' partic%lar characteristics'rom "eneration to"eneration

12

Checking yourunderstanding

Chec- yo'r'.ersta.i)



CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE13

Let/s Try the G'i.e. Essay 0eow 22,33

14 *ia"ram 4 shows a "enetic pedi"ree o' haemophilia in three "enerations.

*ia"ram 4

tatement > /aemophilia is a "enetic disease that co%ld &e inheritedand occ%rs within a speci'ic "ender.

tatement > nheritance o' haemophilia can &e pre#ented in a 'amil.

State o%r opinion and explain &oth statements mentioned &ased on

*ia"ram 4. I 10 marsJ

13

EssayExploration



CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE14

In order to complete the above essay, fill in the blanks with suitable

phrases.

/aemophilia occ%rs I1J LLLLLLL. in men I2J LLLLLLLLLto

I3JLLLLLLLLLL.. /aemophilia I4J LLLLLLLLLLL. thro%"h

the I5JLLLLLLLLLLLLL...

I6JLLLLLLLLLLLLLL. is 'o%nd in the I7JLLLLLLLLLLLLL..

and not in the I8JLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

/aemophilia "ene is a I9JLLLLLLLLLLLL. an has a

I10JLLLLLLLLLLL. than woman o' .I11J LLLLLLLLL..

haemophilia &eca%se man has I12JLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL.

/aemophilia can &e I13J LLLLLLLL...& trans'errin" or

I14JLLLLLLLLLLthe haemophiliac "ene at I15J

LLLLLLLLLLLLLL.. and replacin" it with a I16JLLLLLLLLL.

LLLLLLLL.& %sin" "enetic en"ineerin".

/aemophilia can &e pre#ented & I17J LLLLLLLLLLLLLL.. 'ree 'rom

haemophilia.

2J aJ , p%re &reedin" tall pea plant is crossed with a p%re &reedin" dwar' pea

plant. ,ll o' the o''sprin" prod%ced are tall.*escri&e the a&o#e cross &ased on endels -irst @aw. I 3 marsJ

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CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE15

Co*pete the sche*atic .ia)ra* 0eow,

&J Genetic en"ineerin" is a techni$%e where& the "enetic content o' anor"anism is manip%lated.ased on o%r nowled"e o' "enetic en"ineerin" e)plain whether this techni$%eho%ld &e de#eloped '%rther.o%r e)planations m%st incl%de e)amples o' the ad#anta"es and disad#anta"es&ased on the concept o' "enetic en"ineerin".

I10 mars J , *+, molec%le consists o' two n%cleotide chains. Complete *ia"ram 4.2 to show

a *+, molec%le.:art o' one o' the n%cleotide chains has &een drawn.

Dia)ra* +,!M3 marsN

IcJ n *ia"ram 4.3 , c d and E represent the "enes 'o%nd on a chromosome. ,'ter a certain treatment "ene , is 'o%nd missin".

:arent

Gametes

?''sprin"

(all *war'

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CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE16

Dia)ra* +,(

IiJ +ame the process that has taen place on the chromosome.

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

M1 marN

IiiJ +ame one 'actor that ca%ses the process in 4IcJIiJ.

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL...

M1 marN

16



CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE17

Aswers 6or Chapter 5 7Iheritace4:

Activity 1:

1 2 3

4

5

6 7 8

9 10

11

12 13

14 15

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18 19

20 21 22

23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30

31 32

33 34

35

36 37

38 39 40

41 42 43

44

45 46

47

48

49

50

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Created with EclipseCrossword — www.eclipsecrossword.com

17



CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE18

Activity !:

+o.

tatements

#ALSE$ TR"E

1. /ereditar 'actors called "enes determine the characteristicso' an or"anisms T

2. +%cleic acids are s%ita&le as hereditar material &eca%sethe cannot chan"e #

3 (he passin" o' "enetics instr%ctions 'rom "eneration to"eneration is called inheritance T

4 ,n or"anism which has di''erent alleles o' a certain trait issaid to &e "eneticall homolo"o%s #

5 Genes are located on chromosomes T6 Genes are made %p o' se#eral chromosomes #

7 Chromosomes are made o' *+, "enes are made o' +, #8

Choose the (AE statement.

• ,ll o' their sons will &e haemophiliacs.

• ,ll o' their da%"hters will &e normal.

• (he pro&a&ilit o' "ettin" haemophiliac sons is 75B

• ,ll their children will &e normal

• !!-!!!

• !!(!!!

• !!-!!!

• !-!!!!

9 ,mon" rhes%s 'actor o' mother and 'irst &a& which will ca%sepro&lem the second child who is hpositi#e when she is inmothers %ter%sD

Choose the (AE statements

other -irst a& (r%e F -alse

hne"ati#e hpositi#e (

hpositi#e hpositi#e -

hne"ati#e hne"ati#e -

hpositi#e hne"ati#e -

10.

:ercenta"e (r%e F -alse

0B -

50B (

20B -

75B -

, woman who is a carrier 'or haemophilia marries a manwho is normal.

18



CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE19

11.

tatements (r%e F -alse22K (

22 K -44 K -

44 K -

Str'ct're. Respose:

1. aJ iJ 46

iiJ ale arotpe has one pair o' homolo"o%s chromosomes which isdi''erent insie that is

-emale arotpe has all pair o' homolo"o%s chromosome o' the samesie.

&J iJ Gamete H > 22 K Gamete > 22 K Gamete Q > 22 K

iiJ :rocess : is meiosis in which pairs o' homolo"o%s chromosomes areseparated into di''erent da%"hter cells.

cJ i J

:arent -ather other

Genotpe

Gametes

?''sprin"

:henotpe -emale -emale ale ale +ormal +ormal +ormal colo%r &lind

19

&

&

& &



CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE20

IiiJ R ) 100B S 25B

IdJ (he 'emale who is the carrier o' the colo%r &lindness has a hetero"o%s"enotpe & whereas the colo%r &lind male has a "enotpe &.

t is pro&a&l d%rin" the 'ertilisation &etween "ametes the "amete that carriesallele & has not &een 'ertilied &eca%se o' random 'ertiliation.

(here'ore "enotpes & and & do not e)ist.

2. *ia"ram 2.1 shows the inheritance o' '%r colo%r in ra&&its.

aJ Genotpe > /h F /etero"o%s

:henotpe > lac '%r

&J iJ ,&le to e)plain wh / and h are called alleles>

1. *i''erentFF ,lternati#e 'orm o' "ene F same "ene I 1 J

2. ?cc%p the same loc%s on a pair o' homolo"o%s chromosomesFF

3. Each allele is responsi&le 'or the e)pression o' the contrastin" trait F&lac '%rFwhite

iiJ ,lleles / and h F &oth alleles are separatedF se"re"ated

cJ i J /h or // FF /hFF //

iiJ 1. Gamete 'rom carr allele / or h FF has /h

FF Gamete 'rom carr allele / onl

recei#ed one dominant "enedJ chematic dia"ram to show the prod%ct o' dia"ram 2.3 >

20



CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE21

lac '%r =hite '%r ,ll correct I 3 marsJ

iiiJ :ro&a&ilit > 50BF T 0.5

&'estio ( : 7 ( *ar-s4

cJ iJ Chromosomal m%tation U deletion iiJ En#ironmental a"ents s%ch as radiation

Chec- yo'r '.ersta.i) : a I#J &JIiiiJ cJ IiiJ dJ IiJ eJ Ii#J

The aswers 6or )'i.e. essay:

I1J more I2J compared to I3J women I4J is inherited I5J se) chromosomeFse)lined "ene I6J haemophillic "ene I7J chromosome I8J chromosome I9Jressesi#e allele I10J hi"her pro&a&ilitI11J inherited I12J one chromosome I13Jpre#ented & trans'errin" I14J remo#in" I15J "amete cell sta"e I16J normal "eneI17J choosin" a li'e partner.

21



CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE22

2.&.E1> Choosin" identi'in" and remo#in" "enes re$%ired to &e manip%latedE2> %sin" microor"anisms F &acteria to increase the n%m&er o' manip%lated "enes

H1> ,&le to show the sill to e#al%ate & disc%ssin" sim%ltaneo%sl the ad#anta"es and

disad#anta"es o' "enetic en"ineerin" and "i#in" e)amplesH2> ,&le to "i#e e)planation as a whole and in se$%ence

cJ iJ Chromosomal m%tation U deletion

22



CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE23

biology module inheritance3

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