biology part 1 - felpress.co.uk...c - capillary action results in the fluid moving up in the tube. d...

BIOLOGYINTERACTIVE ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

BASED ON STANDARD PRACTICAL EXERCISES..............................................................................

LEARNING VERSION

IN THIS LEARNING VERSION ANSWERS ARE IMMEDIATELY AND VISIBLY MARKED,CORRECT ANSWERS ARE INDICATED ON REQUEST, AND END OF SECTIONTOTALS AND PERCENTAGES SHOWN ON SCREEN.

SOME OF THE MORE DIFFICULT QUESTIONS HAVE DROP DOWN HELP BOXES WHICHREVEAL INFORMATION WHEN THE CURSOR IS PASSED OVER THE QUESTION MARK.

WHEN PRINTED OUT ONLY THE QUESTIONS SHOW, THEREFORE THIS CAN BE USED AS A PAPER VERSION FOR TESTS IF REQUIRED.

The questions are of the Multiple Choice style, where the phrase “Which ONE of thefollowing ...” is implied, but is not always stated.

So that students are reminded of the type of question that requires short writtenanswers, which unfortunately cannot be automatically marked, each topic has one shortpassage with missing words, which must be identified in their correct sequence.

NB The practical work presented should be familiar to students, either as demonstrationsdemonstration, or as an experiment they might have carried out themselves in the lab.

The material is NOT presented as a practical guide, and while the methods followed safety guidelines, specific safety issues are NOT dealt with. Visit www.cleapps.org.uk

Biology Part 1

FELTHAM PRESS LTD www.felpress.co.uk

CONTENTS

The following practical topics have been selected according to exam questionfrequency to form the basis of revision and examination practice.

FOR THE CORRECT FINAL TOTAL AND PERCENTAGE THE ENTER BUTTONAT THE BOTTOM LEFT OF EACH PAGE MUST BE CLICKED ON.

Part 1

Diffusion and Osmosis

Heart, Lungs & Smoking

Part 2

Enzyme Reactions

Respiration

Fermentation

Part 3

Leaf Structure and Function

Photosynthesis

Tropisms

BIOLOGYBiology Part 1 2 of 12


LEARNING VERSION

Diffusion is very important in the transport of substanceswithin and between the cells of organisms, and betweenorganisms and their surroundings. Osmosis is a term usedwhen discussing the special case of the ‘diffusion’ of water.

Practical - Thirteen small pieces of red litmus paper werecarefully positioned at equal intervals along the length of along glass tube with a rubber bung at one end. Cotton wooldipped in ammonia solution was introduced at the open endof the tube and sealed in with a rubber bung. The time ittook for each piece of litmus paper to turn completely bluewas recorded.

1. Referring to the photographs of the diffusion tube, and thedata obtained from it during the experiment set out in thetable, which one of the following best matches yourobservations?

A - The rate of diffusion of ammonia gas down the tubeproceeds at a constant rate away from the cotton woolplug soaked in ammonia.

B - The rate of diffusion of ammonia gas down the tubeslows as the distance from the cotton wool plug increases.

C - The rate of diffusion of ammonia gas down the tubeincreases as the distance away from the cotton woolplug increases.

D - The rate of diffusion of ammonia gas is fastest in themiddle of the tube as the particles have got up speed.


BIOLOGYBiology Part 1


Time in secs and mins for gas to reach pieces of red litmus paper

Piece no. from left 1 3 5 7 9 11 13Time taken for each 4s 15s 55s 1m54s 3m38s 7m12s 12m14spiece to turn blue

Ammoniacottonwool plug


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LEARNING VERSION

2. Which one of the following correctly describes the direction ofdiffusion of particles?

A - From regions of their higher concentration to regions of theirlower concentratin.

B - From regions of their lower concentration to regions of theirhigher concentration.

C - From regions of higher temperature to regions of lowertemperature.

D - From regions of their lower pressure to regions oftheir higher pressure.




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Only very small particles, muchtoo small to be seen even under amicroscope, move by diffusion.Coloured substances can be seendiffusing, but not the particlesthemselves.

HELP BOXPASS CURSOR OVERQUESTION MARKFOR HELP WITHQUESTION NUMBER 3 ??

3. Which one of the following occurs by diffusion in mammals?

A - Movement of bile from the liver down the bile duct into the gut.

B - Movement of food through the digestive tract.

C - Movement of blood through the capillaries.

D - Movement of oxygen from the blood to the tissues

4. Which one of the following occurs by diffusion in greenplants?

A - Movement of water into the leaves on a rainy day.

B - Movement of sugars from the leaves to the roots.

C - Movement of water from the roots to the leaves.

D - Movement of oxygen from the soil into the roots.

LEARNING VERSION

Practical - Cylinders of tissue were cut from a potato with acork borer and trimmed to exactly the same size. One cylinderwas placed in each of 4 tubes containing one of the followingsucrose solutions, 1 Molar (1 M), 0.75 M, 0.5 M, 0.25 M; andone in deionised water.

5. Which one of the following best explains why the cylinders ofpotato tissue in tubes A and B are floating?

A - Osmosis has occurred in tubes A and B.

B - The cylinders in tubes A and B are denser than thesucrose solutions.

C - Tubes A and B contain the more concentrated (and dense)sucrose solutions.

D - The cells in these potato cylinders are dead.

6. In which of the solutions in the pairs of tubes listed belowwill the cylinders of potato tissue increase in length and mass?

A - Tubes A and BB - Tubes A and C

C - Tubes B and D

D - Tubes D and E

7. In which of the following pairs of tubes listed below willwater move from the potato tissue into the surrounding fluid?

A - Tubes A and BB - Tubes B and C

C - Tubes C and D

D - Tubes D and E




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LEARNING VERSION

Practical - Some 1 M sucrose solution was colouredorange/red, and some deionised water was coloured blue. Onebeaker and a sealed length of visking tubing (a partiallypermeable membrane) were then filled with the orange/red 1Msucrose solution, and the other beaker and tubing filled withthe blue deionised water. They were arranged as shown inPhoto I, and then the two filled lengths of visking tubing werelowered into the liquids in the beakers and left for severalminutes.

8. Which of the following best explains why the level of fluidhas risen up inside the tube shown magnified on the left ofPhoto 2.

A - Gravity has stopped the fluid rising up the same amount inthe tube on the right.

B - Water has left the solution inside the visking tubing byosmosis into the deionised water in the beaker.

C - Capillary action results in the fluid moving up in the tube.

D - Water has entered the visking tubing by osmosis from thebeaker into the sucrose solution inside the tubing.

9. Why has the visking tubing on the right of Photo 2 becomemore flaccid (soft) than that on the left.

A - Water has moved by osmosis from inside the visking tubing.

B - Water has entered the solution inside the visking tubing byosmosis from the deionised water surrounding the tubing.

C - Sucrose from the sucrose solution in the beaker has moved by diffusion into the the visking tubing.

D - Gravity has caused the solution to seepout of the visking tubing on the right.




Capillary action isinvolved in themovement of fluids upinside narrow(capillary) tubing, butin this experiment it isnot significant whencompared to the otherforce involved.

PHOTO 1 PHOTO 2

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LEARNING VERSION

PAGES 6 - 11 BLOCKED, GO TO PAGE 12

Osmosis is the special case of thediffusion of water. In which watermolecules diffuse from a high waterconcentration (pure water or a moredilute solution) to a lower waterconcentration (more concentratedsolution) through a partiallypermeable membrane.

10. The following passage has four missing words.

If you drink tap water, the contents of your stomach are____ and water passes by osmosis from the ____ intothe blood. If you swallow sea water the contents of yourstomach are ____ and water passes by osmosis fromthe ____ into the stomach.

Which of the following has the correct missing words in thesequence as they should appear in the passage.

A - concentrated - stomach - diluted - blood

B - diluted - kidneys - concentrated - blood

C - diluted - stomach - concentrated - kidneys

D - diluted - stomach - concentrated - blood


BIOLOGY Biology Part 1


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LEARNING VERSION


Practical - The heart and lungs in humans are contained inthe chest or thoracic cavity. The two lungs surround the heart,as shown in Photo 1 of a model thorax.

The heart is a four chambered muscular pump, which bycontracting and relaxing, pumps blood around the lungs, andthe body. Photo 2 shows a model of a partially dissected heartshowing some of the chambers in section, the valves and themajor blood vessels entering and leaving the heart.

11. The large blood vessel shown blue and labelled 1 in Photo 1 carries blood into which chamber of the heart?

A - Right Ventricle

B - Left atrium

C - Right atrium

D - Left ventricle

12. Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the largeblood vessel shown red and labelled 2 in Photo 2?

A - Right ventricle

B - Left Ventricle

C - Right atrium

D - Left atrium



The Heart, Lungs and Smoking

PHOTO 1

PHOTO 2

Anatomical diagrams arelabelled right and left as ifyou were looking atsomebody in front of you,ie their right is on your left,and their left is on yourright.

1

2

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LEARNING VERSION



The heart pumps the blood around the body. In itspassage through the heart, the blood from the mainveins of the body enters the ____ atrium, from here itpasses to the right ventricle, from where it is pumped tothe ____. It returns to the ____ atrium, passes to the leftventricle, and is then pumped around the ____.


A - left - lungs - right - body.

B - right - body - left - lungs.

C - right - lungs - left - body.

D - left - body - right - lungs.




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Blood passes through theheart twice on eachcomplete circulation of thebody. After entering theheart it goes to the lungs toget rid of carbon dioxideand pick up oxygen. Fromthe lungs blood thenreturns to the heart and ispumped around the body.


LEARNING VERSION


Practical - The lungs consist of millions of small air sacs oralveoli which give the lungs a huge surface area over which gasexchange occurs between the bloodstream and the air in the airsacs. The lungs are well supplied with blood vessels to carryoxygen away from and carbon dioxide to, the air sacs. In thephotograph shown below the right lung of the model is shownin section, and the air tubes appear as circles as if cut across.

14. What is the name of the smaller tubes carrying air deepinto each lung?

A - Trachea.

B - Bronchioles.

C - Capillaries.

D - Pulmonary tubes.

15. What is the name of the large blood vessels shown bluethat can be seen running through the left lung in the Photo?

A - Pulmonary arteries.

B - Pulmonary veins.

C - Capillaries.

D - Arterioles.

16. Which one of the following is a correct description of themovement of the ribs when breathing in?

A - They move downwards and inwards decreasing the volumeof the chest cavity.

B - They move inwards keeping the volume of the chest cavitythe same.

C - They move sideways keeping the volume of the chest cavitythe same.

D - They move upwards and outwards increasing the volume ofthe chest cavity.




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LEARNING VERSION


Practical - The following photos are of water and cotton wooltaken from a ‘smoking machine’ in which smoke from a litcigarette was drawn through them to trap some of thecomponents of cigarette smoke.

17. In which part of the lungs are these components of cigarettesmoke most likely to accumulate?

A - air sacs (alveoli)

B - trachea

C - bronchi

D - bronchioles

18. Which of the following components of cigarette smoke causesthe addiction to smoking.

A - smoke

B - nicotine

C - tars

D - cancer causing chemicals

19. Which of the following diseases does NOT have smoking as apossible cause?

A - bronchitis

B - cancer

C - influenza

D - heart disease




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LEARNING VERSION






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SECTION PERCENTAGE

SECTION TOTAL

ion T

LEARNING VERSION


BASED ON STANDARD PRACTICAL EXERCISES...............................................................................

PRACTICE TEST VERSION

IN THIS PRACTICE TEST VERSION NO MARKING OR ANSWERS ARE VISIBLE ON SCREEN,BUT TOTALS AND PERCENTAGES ARE SHOWN. NO HELP BOXES ARE AVAILABLE.

ON THE PRINT-OUT THE STUDENT'S RESPONSES, MARKS, TOTALS AND PERCENTAGESARE ALL VISIBLE, BUT CORRECT ANSWERS ARE NOT SHOWN.


So that students are reminded of the type of question that requires short writtenanswers, which unfortunately cannot be automatically marked, each topic has at least one short passage with missing words, which must be identified in their correct sequence.

NB The practical work presented should be familiar to students, either as demonstrationsor as procedures they might have carried out themselves in the lab.


Biology Part 1


CONTENTS



Part 1



Part 2

Enzyme Reactions

Respiration

Fermentation

Part 3


Photosynthesis

Tropisms


















3 of 12










4 of 12


















C - Tubes A and B contain the more concentrated (and dense)solutions in the tubes.



A - Tubes A and BB - Tubes A and C

C - Tubes B and D

D - Tubes D and E


A - Tubes A and BB - Tubes B and C

C - Tubes C and D

D - Tubes D and E




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C - Sucrose from the sucrose solution in the beaker has movedby diffusion into the the visking tubing.






PHOTO 1 PHOTO 2

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Practical - The heart and lungs in humans are contained inthe chest or thoracic cavity. The two lungs surround the heart,as shown in Photo 1 of a model.



A - Right Ventricle

B - Left atrium

C - Right atrium

D - Left ventricle


A - Right ventricle

B - Left Ventricle

C - Right atrium

D - Left atrium




PHOTO 1

PHOTO 2


1

2

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Practical - The lungs consist of millions of small air sacs oralveoli which give the lungs a huge surface area over which gasexchange occurs between the bloodstream and the air in the airsacs. The lungs are well supplied with blood vessels to carryoxygen from and carbon dioxide to, the air sacs. In thephotograph shown below the right lung of the model is shownin section, and the air tubes appear as circles as if cut across.


A - Trachea.

B - Bronchioles.

C - Capillaries.

D - Pulmonary tubes.


A - Pulmonary arteries.

B - Pulmonary veins.

C - Capillaries.

D - Arterioles.









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A - air sacs (alveoli)

B - trachea

C - bronchi

D - bronchioles


A - smoke

B - nicotine

C - tars



A - bronchitis

B - cancer

C - influenza

D - heart disease




11 of 12







12 of 12

SECTION PERCENTAGE

SECTION TOTAL

ion T

0/19

0%



BASED ON STANDARD PRACTICAL EXERCISESFOR REVISION AND EXAMINATION PRACTICE

TEST VERSION

IN THIS TEST VERSION NO MARKING, ANSWERS OR TOTALS ARE VISIBLE ON SCREEN.ON THE PRINT-OUT STUDENT'S RESPONSES, TOTALS AND PERCENTAGES ARE VISIBLE BUT NO CORRECT ANSWERS ARE INDICATED. NO HELP BOXES ARE PROVIDED.

THE ANSWER SEQUENCE IN THIS TEST VERSION IS ONLY AVAILABLE BY WORKINGOUT THE CORRECT ANSWER THROUGH UNDERSTANDING.


So that students are reminded of the type of question that requires short writtenanswers, which unfortunately cannot be automatically marked, each topic has at leastone short passage with missing words, which must be identified in their correct sequence.



Biology Part 1


CONTENTS



Part 1



Part 2

Enzyme Reactions

Respiration

Fermentation

Part 3


Photosynthesis

Tropisms



TEST VERSION















3 of 12

TEST VERSION









4 of 12













TEST VERSION





C - Tubes A and B contain the more concentrated (and dense)sucrose solutions in the tubes.



A - Tubes D and EB - Tubes A and C

C - Tubes B and D

D - Tubes A and B


A - Tubes D and EB - Tubes B and C

C - Tubes C and D

D - Tubes A and B




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TEST VERSION










C - Sucrose from the sucrose solution in the beaker has movedby diffusion into the the visking tubing.






PHOTO 1 PHOTO 2

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TEST VERSION













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TEST VERSION


Practical - The heart and lungs in humans are contained inthe chest or thoracic cavity. The two lungs surround the heart,as shown in Photo 1 of a model.



A - Right Ventricle

B - Right atrium

C - Left atrium

D - Left ventricle


A - Right ventricle

B - Right atriumC - Left VentricleD - Left atrium




PHOTO 1

PHOTO 2


1

2

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TEST VERSION












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TEST VERSION


Practical - The lungs consist of millions of small air sacs oralveoli which give the lungs a huge surface area over which gasexchange occurs between the bloodstream and the air in the airsacs. The lungs are well supplied with blood vessels to carryoxygen from and carbon dioxide to, the air sacs. In thephotograph shown below the right lung of the model is shownin section, and the air tubes appear as circles as if cut across.


A - BronchiolesB - TracheaC - Capillaries

D - Pulmonary tubes


A - Pulmonary veins.

B - Pulmonary arteries.

C - Capillaries.

D - Arterioles.









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TEST VERSION




A - tracheaB - air sacs (alveoli)C - bronchi

D - bronchioles


A - nicotineB - smokeC - tars



A - bronchitis

B - cancer

C - influenza

D - heart disease




11 of 12

TEST VERSION






12 of 12

SECTION PERCENTAGE

SECTION TOTAL

ion T

0/19

0%

TEST VERSION


BASED ON STANDARD PRACTICAL EXERCISES...............................................................................

LEARNING VERSION









Biology Part 2

CONTENTS


Part 1



Part 2

Enzyme Reactions

Respiration

Fermentation

Part 3


Photosynthesis

Tropisms



2 of 14

LEARNING VERSION

Enzymes catalyse (speed up) all the chemical reactionsnecessary for life.

Practical - The enzyme amylase catalyses the breakdown ofstarch into a sugar (maltose). The presence of starch is shownby testing with iodine solution. As the amount of starchdecreases, the colour of the reaction with iodine solution goesfrom blue black to a lighter blue colour, until there is nochange from the original iodine colour. PHOTO 1 shows a tilewith ‘spots’ of iodine solution at the start of an experimentinvestigating the effects of amylase on a starch solution.PHOTO 2 shows the same tile at the end of the experiment.

1. In the experiment described above, and using the resultsshown in Photo 2, how long did it take for the starch to bebroken down by amylase into sugar?

A - more than 5 minutes

B - less than a minute

C - more than 4 minutes

D - more than 2 minutes

2. If in the experiment none of the spots of iodine solutionchanged colour, which one of the following would be the bestexplanation?

A - The enzyme amylase was not working.B - All of the starch had been broken down immediately.C - No sugars had been produced.

D - There was too much starch present for the enzyme to breakdown.



Enzyme Reactions

PHOTO 1Tile with ‘spots’ ofiodine solution at startof experiment.

PHOTO 2Tile with iodine solution aftersamples from an amylase - starchmixture have been added. The first‘spot’ (top left) was takenimmediately the amylase was addedto the starch, and then sampleswere taken at 30 sec intervals

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LEARNING VERSION

3. In the photograph above of the Benedict’s Test, which tubecontains the greatest amount of sugar?

A - Tube 3

B - Tube 1

C - Tube 4

D - Tube 2

Practical - If the tubes shown above were allowed to stand forsome time, gradually the colour would appear to fade at the topand get darker at the bottom of the tubes. Depending on yourscreen, you may be able to see that the process has alreadystarted.

4. Which one of the following is the best explanation of theabove observation?

A - There are more sugars at the bottom than at the top of thesolution in the tubes.

B - The colour is oxidised by the air at the surface of thesolution.

C - The enzyme is continuing its action on the starch.

D - The colour is caused by a precipitate which gradually sinksto the bottom if the tubes are left to stand.



Enzyme Reactions

Practical - The production of sugar from the breakdown ofstarch can be tested for with the Benedict’s Test. Benedict’ssolution is clear blue, and when boiled with samples from astarch/amylase mixture gives a precipitate with a range of colours from green to red depending on the amount of sugar present.

1 2 3 4

A precipitate is asuspension of tinyparticles of an insolublesubstance produced in areaction (in this case theBenedict’s Test).

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LEARNING VERSION

5. Which of the following could best explain why proteaseenzymes digest proteins in the stomach, but amylase in yoursaliva does not carry on working on starch in the stomach forvery long?

A - The enzyme amylase is killed when the food is chewed.

B - The enzyme amylase is neutralised by the acid in thestomach.

C - All the starch is digested in the mouth.

D - The amylase is broken down by the acid in the stomach butthe protease is not.


Amylase speeds up the breakdown of ____ to sugars,lipase speeds up the breakdown of fats to fatty acidsand ____, and proteases speed up the breakdown of____ to ____. In the body, each type of enzyme worksfastest at a particular pH, for example amylase worksbest at a pH around neutral.


A - fats - glycerol - starch - amino acids

B - starch - glycerol - proteins - amino acids

C - starch - amino acids - proteins - glycerol

D - starch - glycerol - amino acids - proteins



Enzyme Reactions

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Enzymes work best at acertain pH(acidity/alkalinity). Thesaliva is typically slightlyalkaline, but the stomachcontents are stronglyacidic.


LEARNING VERSION

Practical - Five tubes were set up containing hydrogencarbonate indicator solution, which is red when neutral (inequilibrium with the CO2 in the air), yellow when acidic (lowerpH), and cherry red and then purple when alkaline (higher pH).Four tubes were set up containing various combinations of wellwashed pondweed and/or water snails, along with a tube ofindicator solution only, as shown in the photograph below.

Tube contents

A - indicator solution

B - indicator solution plus pondweed

C - indicator solution plus pond snail

D - indicator solution plus pondweed and pond snail

E - indicator solution & pondweed in tube covered in silver foil

At the start of the experiment the indicator solution in all thetubes was a red colour.

The photograph shows the tubes at the end of the experiment,during which they were all tightly sealed with rubber bungs. Asscreen colours can vary the results are also given below:

A - Red B - Deeper red/purple C - Yellow D - Red E - Yellow

7. Which of the following is the correct identification andexplanation of the tube that is the control for this experiment?

A - Tube C because the pond snail is found in two other tubes.

B - Tube B because the pondweed is found in three other tubes.

C - Tube A because it demonstrates that the indicator solutiondoes not change colour on its own.

D - Tube E because it eliminates light from the experiment.



Respiration

If carbon dioxide isadded to the indicatorsolution it becomesmore acid (lower pH),and if carbon dioxide isremoved from theindicator solution itbecomes more alkaline(higher pH).

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LEARNING VERSION

8. What does tube E demonstrate?

A - Light is necessary for photosynthesis.

B - Plants increase the acidity (decrease the pH) of thesurrounding indicator solution in the absence of light.

C - Plants decrease the acidity (raise the pH) of the surroundingindicator solution in the absence of light.

D - Light is not necessary for the indicator solution to changecolour.

9. Which of the following is the correct identification andexplanation of why one of the tubes has the lowest oxygenconcentration?

A - Tube E because no photosynthesis is taking place there.

B - Tube D because both plant and animal are respiringtogether.

C - Tube B because photosynthesis is using up oxygen fasterthan respiration.

D - Tube C because animal respiration is faster than plantrespiration and no photosynthesis is taking place.

10. Which of the following correctly explains why there was nochange in colour in tube D?

A - The presence of the snail prevents the indicator solutionfrom working.

B - The presence of the pondweed prevents the indicatorsolution from working.

C - The snail’s exchange of gases is balanced by those of thepondweed.

D - The indicator solution has poisoned the snail.



Respiration

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LEARNING VERSION


11. In which of the tubes containing pondweed is plantrespiration occurring?

A - None of them

B - D

C - E

D - All of them


Animals only carry out respiration so always take inoxygen and give out carbon dioxide. Plants carry out____ at all times, but also carry out ____ in the light.Above a certain light intensity photosynthesis proceedsat a faster rate than plant respiration. Therefore in thedark, plants usually take in ____ and give out ____ , butin the light this is reversed.

Which of the following has the correct missing words in thesequence they should appear in the passage.

A - respiration - photosynthesis - oxygen - carbon dioxide

B - photosynthesis - respiration - oxygen - carbon dioxide

C - respiration - photosynthesis - carbon dioxide - oxygen

D - photosynthesis - respiration - carbon dioxide - oxygen



Respiration

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Animals and plants respire allthe time. In the light greenplants carry out photosynthesisduring which carbon dioxide istaken in and oxygen is given out.In the light photosynthesisproduces more oxygen thanrespiration uses.

HELP BOXPASS CURSOR OVERQUESTION MARKFOR HELP WITHQUESTION NUMBER 11& 12 ??

LEARNING VERSION


Yeast cells produce enzymes which break down sugar intoalcohol and carbon dioxide, in a process known as fermentation.This process is made use of in the brewing and baking industries.

Practical - The apparatus was set up as shown. The boilingtube had a mixture of yeast and sugar solution added, afterwhich a pre-stretched balloon was attached tightly to the top.The tube was then placed in a beaker-waterbath at 40 oC. Afterabout 15 minutes the balloon became inflated as shown below.

13. Which of the following is the best explanation of the balloonbecoming inflated in this experiment?

A - Air in the tube is expanding because the water surroundingit is at 40 oC.

B - A gas is being produced by the yeast in the sugar solution.

C - Alcohol vapour is being produced.

D - The mixture has foamed up and filled the balloon.



Fermentation

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LEARNING VERSION


Practical - The production of a gas as a result of yeast reactingwith a sugar solution can be MEASURED by counting thebubbles of gas as they are pushed out into the water in tube Xshown below.

14. Which of the following figures represents the average of thenumber of bubbles produced in a 30 second period?

A - 15

B - 14

C - 13

D - 16

15. Which of the following changes in conditions of theexperiment would NOT result in an increase in the rate ofbubbling?

A - An increase in the amount of sugar.

B - An increase in temperature.

C - An increase in the amount of light.

D - An increase in the amount of yeast.



Fermentation

Using the apparatus shown, thenumber of bubbles produced in 30seconds was counted. Thecounting was repeated three timesand recorded in the table shownbelow.

To obtain the average ormean of a set of figures,add them all up anddivide by the number ofresults, in this case 3.

Yeast / sugarmixture at 40o C

30 sec Period No. of bubbles

First period 12Second period 16Third period 17

Tube X

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LEARNING VERSION


Enzymes are permanentlydamaged (denatured) at100 oC (see Enzymessub-section).

16. After heating a sample of the yeast/sugar solution mixture to 100 oC, it was cooled to 40 oC and more sugar solution added. Which of the following is the best description of what you would expect to occur.

A - The rate of reaction would be the same as it was before at40 oC.

B - No reaction would occur.

C - The rate of reaction would be much slower than it wasbefore at 40 oC.

D - The rate of reaction would be much faster than it wasbefore at 40 oC.

17. After cooling a sample of the yeast/sugar solution mixture to 0 oC, it was re-warmed to 40 oC and more sugar solution added.

Which of the following is the best description of what you would expect to occur.

A - The rate of reaction would return towards what it waspreviously at 40 oC. as the mixture was rewarmed.

B - No reaction would occur.

C - The rate of reaction would be much slower than it wasbefore at 40 oC.

D - The rate of reaction would be much faster than it wasbefore at 40 oC.



Fermentation

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LEARNING VERSION


Practical - The previous experiment was set up again with thetest tube through which the gas is bubbling now filled withLIME WATER.

Observe the result and answer the following questions.

Another tube of lime water was stood near by, open to the air,and did NOT go cloudy over the same period.

18. Which of the following best explains the results?

A - The gas produced by yeast contains impurities that ‘cloud’the lime water.

B - Air causes lime water to go ‘milky’ at the same rate as yeastrespiration.

C - Lime water goes ‘milky’ in contact with glass.

D - The gas produced by yeast is carbon dioxide which turnslimewater ‘milky’.



Fermentation

Gas bubbling throughwater in tube on right

Gas bubbling throughlime water in tube on right

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LEARNING VERSION



Yeast is a single celled organism that occurs naturally,decomposing dead organic matter, e.g. fruit. It iscapable of breaking down and absorbing sugars fromits surroundings and using them to release ____. Thisprocess is respiration. In the presence of ____ , yeastcan carry out aerobic respiration to produce carbondioxide and ____ . In the absence of oxygen, yeastrespires anaerobically and produces carbon dioxide and____ , this process can also be called fermentation.


A - water - oxygen - alcohol - energy

B - oxygen - energy - water - alcohol

C - energy - water - alcohol - oxygen

D - energy - oxygen - water - alcohol



Fermentation

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Aerobic means inthe presence ofoxygen, andanaerobic means inthe absence ofoxygen.

LEARNING VERSION




Enzymes

Respiration

Fermentation

SECTION PERCENTAGE

SECTION TOTAL

14 of 14

Section Total =

LEARNING VERSION


BASED ON STANDARD PRACTICAL EXERCISES................................................................................


IN THIS PRACTICE TEST VERSION NO MARKING OR ANSWERS ARE VISIBLE ON SCREEN,BUT TOTALS AND PERCENTAGES ARE SHOWN. HELP BOXES ARE NOT AVAILABLE.

ON THE PRINT-OUT THE STUDENT'S RESPONSES, MARKS, TOTALS AND PERCENTAGESARE ALL VISIBLE, BUT CORRECT ANSWERS ARE NOT SHOWN.






Biology Part 2

CONTENTS


Part 1



Part 2

Enzyme Reactions

Respiration

Fermentation

Part 3


Photosynthesis

Tropisms



2 of 14



BASED ON STANDARD PRACTICAL EXERCISES..............................................................................

TEST VERSION

IN THIS TEST VERSION NO MARKING, ANSWERS OR TOTALS ARE VISIBLE ON SCREEN. ON THE PRINT-OUT THE STUDENTS RESPONSES, TOTALS AND PERCENTAGES ARE SEEN

BUT NO CORRECT ANSWERS ARE INDICATED. NO HELP BOXES ARE PROVIDED.

THE ANSWER SEQUENCE IN THIS TEST VERSION IS UNIQUE AND ONLY AVAILABLE BY WORKING OUT THE CORRECT ANSWER THROUGH UNDERSTANDING.






Biology Part 2

CONTENTS


Part 1



Part 2

Enzyme Reactions

Respiration

Fermentation

Part 3


Photosynthesis

Tropisms



2 of 14

TEST VERSION


BASED ON STANDARD PRACTICAL EXERCISES.................................................................................

LEARNING VERSION









Biology Part 3

CONTENTS


Part 1



Part 2

Enzyme Reactions

Respiration

Fermentation

Part 3


Photosynthesis

Tropisms



2 of 13

LEARNING VERSION


There are two main groups of flowering plants with respect toleaf structure. Those with grass-like leaves, and those withbroader flatter leaves. Despite the slight differences in theirstructure the leaves all function in the same way. All thequestions here relate to the broader flatter leaves.

Practical - If a leaf is cut across in a thin section (transversesection) mounted on a slide and viewed under a microscope, itsinternal structure can be seen. This is shown in thephotograph and drawing below:

1. Which of the following features of this type of leaf does NOTmake it more efficient at carrying out photosynthesis?

A - Many chloroplasts in the upper most layers of palisadecells.

B - Waterproof waxy cuticle or surface film.

C - Large surface area when compared to its volume ierelatively thin.

D - Holes in the leaf for the exchange of gases with itssurroundings.

2. Which of the following statements about the exchangesbetween a leaf and the surrounding air is NOT correct?

A - In the dark water vapour enters the leaf.

B - In the light oxygen leaves the leaf.

C - In the dark carbon dioxide leaves the leaf.

D - In the light carbon dioxide enters the leaf.



Photosynthesisrequires light,chlorophyll, carbondioxide and water.

Only some cells aredrawn in detail

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LEARNING VERSION


Practical - A woody shoot with leaves was set up as shown inthe photograph. The water in the flask was covered by a layer ofoil. The initial reading of the balance was noted, and then aseries of readings was taken over a period of time, these areshown in the table.

3. Which of the following is the best explanation of why thebalance recorded a loss of mass over the period of time shownin the table?

A - The shoot was taking water up from the flask.

B - The water in the flask was evaporating.

C - The shoot was using up its stores of starch.

D - The leaves were losing water vapour to the air.

4. Which of the following, in comparison to the aboveexperiment, would you expect to occur if the experiment wasrepeated with a fan blowing a stream of air over the leaves ofthe shoot?

A - There would be a loss of mass at a slower rate.

B - There would be a smaller loss of mass.

C - There would be the same loss of mass.

D - There would be a greater loss of mass.



Mass in g at 30 min intervals

0 21030 20760 20590 203120 200150 196

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LEARNING VERSION


Most leaves have morestomata (small holes) onthe lower surface. Some egLaurel have none on theupper surface at all.

5. Which one of the following would occur if the experimentwas repeated with the lower surfaces of the leaves covered withvaseline?

A - There would be a greater loss of mass.

B - There would be the same loss of mass.

C - There would be a smaller loss of mass.

D - There would be a gain of mass due to the vaseline.


The leaf is adapted for efficient photosynthesis. It has alarge surface area, cells containing ____ arranged in away to maximise the absorbtion of ____ , and stomatato allow the uptake of ____ , and the release of ____ .


A - chloroplasts - carbon dioxide - light - water vapour

B - chloroplasts - light - water vapour - carbon dioxide

C - chloroplasts - water vapour - light - carbon dioxide

D - chloroplasts - light - carbon dioxide - water vapour



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LEARNING VERSION


Practical - The apparatus was set up as shown in thephotograph and the drawing. The pondweed had been kept in acontainer of pond water in bright light at room temperature fora period of 3 hours before being placed in the apparatus. Thewater in the beaker and tube had been enriched with hydrogencarbonate solution. After a few minutes bubbles of gas wereseen coming from the leaves and cut stem of the plant andcollecting over the water in the tube above the glass funnel.

7. Which of the following best explains why the pond weed waskept in bright light for a period of 3 hours before being placedin the apparatus?

A - To make sure photosynthesis was happening at a fast rate.

B - To make sure that the pond weed was pointing to the light.

C - To stop respiration from interfering with the experiment.

D - To warm the water to an optimum temperature.

8. Which of the following best explains why the water in theapparatus had hydrogen carbonate solution added?

A - To make sure the pond weed continued to grow.

B - To sterilise the apparatus.

C - To ensure respiration did not interfere with the experiment.

D - To increase the carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.

9. Which one of the following gases was being collected in thetube?

A - Oxygen

B - Nitrogen

C - Carbon dioxide

D - Carbon monoxide


Photosynthesis

Hydrogen carbonatesolution is a source ofhydrogen carbonate ionswhich is the form inwhich aquatic greenplants absorb theircarbon dioxide.

6 of 13


LEARNING VERSION

PAGES 6 -12 BLOCKED, GO TO PAGE 13


Practical - Glucose, one of the products of photosynthesis, isconverted into starch and stored in the cells of the leaf. A leafcan be tested for the presence of starch by the procedureillustrated below.

10. In the above procedure which of the following best describeswhy it is necessary to remove the chlorophyll from the leaves.

A - The chlorophyll would colour the starch green.

B - The chlorophyll would react with the iodine solution.

C - To stop photosynthesis from continuing.

D - The chlorophyll would mask the colouration of starch by theiodine solution.


Photosynthesis

Leaves boiled in water tobreak down cellmembranes

Leaves boiled in tubes ofalcohol in a hot waterbathto release chlorophyll fromleaves (with Bunsenburner turned off).

Leaves soaked in iodinesolution to test for thepresence of starch whichproduces a darkerbrown/blue-black colour

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LEARNING VERSION



Practical - Variegated leaves have a patchy green and whitepattern. When a variegated leaf is tested for the presence ofstarch, the distribution of the starch is the same as that of thegreen area, as shown in the photographs.

11. Which of the following is the best explanation of why thetwo patterns are so similar?

A - The white area is producing sugars not starch.

B - The green area is the only area with living cells.

C - The green area is the only one where photosynthesis wasoccurring.

D - The white area is using up starch in respiration.


Photosynthesis

8 of 13

LEARNING VERSION



12. Which of the following statements best explains why thepattern of the stencil shown in photo 3 was the same as that ofthe starch in the leaf?

A - The stencil marked the leaf.

B - Starch was only produced where the light could reach theleaf.

C - The leaf used up less starch in the light.

D - The leaf only carried out respiration in the dark areas.

13. Which of the following statements is the best explanation ofwhy the plant had to be de-starched at the start of theexperiment?

A - Photosynthesis would not take place if starch was present.

B - To stop respiration taking place.

C - So that only starch newly produced during the experimentcould be detected.

D - So it did not stop light reaching the chlorophyll.


Photosynthesis

PHOTO 1PHOTO 2 PHOTO 3

Practical - A plant was kept in the dark for 48 hours so that itused up all its stores of starch (de-starched). A silver foilstencil was attached to one of the leaves, which was thenexposed to a bright light (PHOTO 1) for some hours. The leafwas then removed from the plant (PHOTO 2) and tested for thepresence of starch, as described for a previous question. Whenthe leaf was placed in iodine solution the result was as shownin PHOTO 3.

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LEARNING VERSION




Photosynthesis is a process by which light energytrapped by ____ in the leaves of a plant, water and____ , are involved in a series of enzyme controlledreactions to produce ____ and ____ . The simple sugar isthen converted into insoluble starch and stored in theleaf cells.


A - chlorophyll - nitrogen - carbon dioxide - oxygen

B - chlorophyll - carbon dioxide - glucose - oxygen

C - haemoglobin - air - glucose - oxygen

D - cells - chlorophyll - oxygen - carbon dioxide


Photosynthesis

10 of 13

Photosynthesis produces simplesugars, of which glucose is anexample. Many molecules ofglucose combine chemically toproduce starch.


LEARNING VERSION



Practical - The shoots of green plants, if they do not receivelight evenly from all around, grow towards the direction fromwhich the light is coming. This response is known asphototropism, and a similar response of roots to gravity isknown as geotropism.

Two dishes of cress seeds were sown on damp cotton wool. Onedish was placed in a box with a black lining and a hole at oneend, at which a bright light was shone. The other dish of seedswas grown surrounded by light. The results, after the seeds hadgerminated, are shown in the photographs.

15. Why was the lining of the box painted black?

A - To stop the internal reflection of light entering via the holein the box.

B - To mimic the conditions of night time.

C - To stop the leaves growing on one side.

D - To make sure the plant knew which end the hole was.

16. What is the advantage to the plant of its shoots growingtowards light?

A - To avoid leaf eating pests that prefer the dark.

B - To increase the uptake of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.

C - To increase the release of oxygen produced byphotosynthesis from the leaves.

D - To increase the absorption of light for photosynthesis.

17. How do plant shoots manage to grow towards light comingfrom one direction only?

A - The stem grows more on the dark side.

B - The stem grows less on the dark side.

C - The stem contracts on the light side.

D - The light destroys cells on the light side making it shorter.


Tropisms

11 of 13

LEARNING VERSION



Practical - A Broad Bean seed was germinated and pinned withits young shoot and root positioned horizontally and thenplaced in the dark. After several days the result was as shownin the photograph.

18. What is the stimulus to which the shoot and the root of theseedling are responding?

A - Light.

B - Gravity.

C - Water.

D - Air.


The advantages to the plant of these responses by theroot and the shoot are that they make sure that the ____grows ____ into the soil for anchorage, water andnutrients; and that the ____ grows ____ to reach thelight for photosynthesis.


A - root - down - leaves - up

B - embryo - down - shoot - up

C - root - down - shoot - up

D - seed - down - shoot -up


Tropisms

A stimulus issomething in theenvironment to whicha living organismresponds, typically bygrowing towards oraway from it.

12 of 13


LEARNING VERSION





Photosynthesis

Tropisms

13 of 13

SECTION PERCENTAGE

SECTION TOTAL

tion To

LEARNING VERSION


BASED ON STANDARD PRACTICAL EXERCISES.............................................................................


IN THIS PRACTICE TEST VERSION NO MARKING OR ANSWERS ARE VISIBLE ON SCREEN,BUT TOTALS AND PERCENTAGES ARE SHOWN.

ON THE PRINT-OUT THE STUDENT'S RESPONSES, MARKS, TOTALS AND PERCENTAGESARE VISIBLE, BUT CORRECT ANSWERS ARE NOT SHOWN. NO HELP BOXES PROVIDED.






Biology Part 3

CONTENTS


Part 1



Part 2

Enzyme Reactions

Respiration

Fermentation

Part 3


Photosynthesis

Tropisms



2 of 13


BIOLOGY MARK SCHEMES

Biology Parts 1 and 3 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. D 17. A 18. B 19. C

Biology Part 2 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. D

Biology Part 1 TEST VERSION 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. C

Biology Part 2 TEST VERSION 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. D

Biology Part 3 TEST VERSION 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. B

NB The practical work presented should be familiar to students, either as demonstrations or as experiments they might have carried out themselves.

The illustrated material is NOT presented as a practical guide, and while the methods followed safety guidelines, no specific safety issues are dealt with.

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biology part 1 - felpress.co.uk...c - capillary action results in the fluid moving up in the tube. d...

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