biology - urbandinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 the nature of matter slide 25...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
End Show
Slide
1 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology
![Page 2: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
End Show
Slide
2 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
2-1 The Nature of Matter
![Page 3: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
3 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Atoms
Atoms
The study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of
matter, the atom.
![Page 4: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
4 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Atoms
Placed side by side, 100 million atoms would make a
row only about 1 centimeter long.
Atoms contain subatomic particles that are even
smaller.
![Page 5: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
5 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Atoms
The subatomic particles that make up
atoms are
• protons
• neutrons
• electrons
![Page 6: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
6 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Atoms
The subatomic
particles in a helium
atom.
![Page 7: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
7 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Elements and Isotopes
Elements and Isotopes
A chemical element is a pure substance that
consists entirely of one type of atom.
• C stands for carbon.
• Na stands for sodium.
![Page 8: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
8 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Elements and Isotopes
The number of protons in an atom of an element is
the element's atomic number.
What else does the atomic number equal?
Commonly found in living organisms:
![Page 9: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
9 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Elements and Isotopes
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that differ in the
number of neutrons they contain are known as
isotopes.
![Page 10: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
10 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nonradioactive carbon-
12
Nonradioactive carbon-
13
Radioactive carbon-
14
6 electrons6 protons
6 neutrons
6 electrons6 protons
8 neutrons
6 electrons6 protons
7 neutrons
![Page 11: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
11 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Elements and Isotopes
Because they have the same number of
electrons, all isotopes of an element have
the same chemical properties.
![Page 12: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
12 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Elements and Isotopes
Radioactive Isotopes
Some isotopes are radioactive, meaning that their
nuclei are unstable and break down at a constant
rate over time
![Page 13: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
13 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Elements and Isotopes
Radioactive isotopes can be used:
• to determine the ages of rocks and fossils.
• to treat cancer.
• to kill bacteria that cause food to spoil.
• as labels or “tracers” to follow the movement of
substances within an organism.
![Page 14: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
14 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Compounds
Chemical Compounds
A chemical compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.
![Page 15: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
15 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Compounds
Chemical Formula
Water = H2O
Table Salt = NaCl
Hydrochloric Acid = HCl
Glucose = C6H12O6
![Page 16: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
16 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Bonds
Chemical Bonds
The atoms in compounds are held together by
chemical bonds.
The electrons that are available to form bonds are
called valence electrons.
![Page 17: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
17 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Bonds
The main types of chemical bonds are:
• ionic bonds
• covalent bonds
![Page 18: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
18 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Bonds
Ionic Bonds
An ionic bond is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
These positively and negatively charged atoms are known as ions.
![Page 19: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
19 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Bonds
Protons +17
Electrons - 18
Charge -1
Protons +11
Electrons - 11
Charge 0
Protons +11
Electrons - 1
Charge
Protons +17
Electrons - 1
Charge
Sodium ion (Cl-)Sodium atom (Na)
Pg.38 in
book
![Page 20: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
20 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Sometimes electrons are shared by atoms instead
of being transferred.
![Page 21: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
21 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Bonds
A covalent bond forms when electrons are shared
between atoms.
• single covalent bond
2 electrons shared
• double bond
4 electrons shared
• triple bond
6 electrons shared
![Page 22: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
22 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Bonds
The structure that results when atoms are joined
together by covalent bonds is called a molecule.
![Page 23: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
23 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Bonds
Van der Waals Forces
When molecules are close together, a slight attraction can develop between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules.
Forces of attraction between molecules.
Hold large molecules together.
Allow geckos to balance the pull of gravity.
![Page 24: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
24 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
![Page 25: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
25 of 40
These
synthetic
Carbon
nanotubes
make a ‘glue’
10X stickier
than a
gecko’s foot
![Page 26: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
End Show
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Slide
26 of 40
![Page 27: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
End
Show
- or
-
Continue to: Click to Launch:
Slide
27 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
2-1
![Page 28: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
End Show
Slide
28 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
2-1
The particles that move around the nucleus of
an atom are called
a. neutrons.
b. protons.
c. electrons.
d. isotopes.
![Page 29: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
End Show
Slide
29 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
2-1
The atomic number of a carbon atom is 6. How
many neutrons does the isotope carbon-14
have?
a. 6
b. 8
c. 12
d. 14
![Page 30: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
End Show
Slide
30 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
2-1
Which of the following statements about the three isotopes of carbon is true?
a. They are all radioactive.
b. They have different numbers of electrons.
c. They have the same chemical properties but differ in atomic mass.
d. They have the same number of protons and neutrons.
![Page 31: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
End Show
Slide
31 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
2-1
A chemical compound consists of
a. Electrons mixed with neutrons.
b. two or more elements combined in a definite proportion.
c. two or more protons combined in any proportion.
d. at least three elements combined by ionic or covalent bonds.
![Page 32: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
End Show
Slide
32 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
2-1
Van der Waals forces are the result of
a. unequal sharing of electrons.
b. ionic bonds.
c. the bonding of different isotopes.
d. the chemical combination of sodium and
chlorine.
![Page 33: Biology - UrbanDinemgaughan-biology.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/...2-1 The Nature of Matter Slide 25 of 40 These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042419/5f3555021ca56d18020b9ab2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
END OF SECTION