biology vocabulary 2d
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Respiratory SystemThe organ system responsible for the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body.
Controls BreathingExchanges Gasses
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Circulatory SystemThe organ system responsible for moving blood, oxygen and nutrients throughout
the body/
Keeps the Cells AliveHeart, Blood, Blood Vessels and Veins
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Lungs
Principal parts of the respiratory system. In the lungs, oxygen from the air that is
inhaled (breathed in) is transferred into the blood, while carbon dioxide is removed
from the blood and exhaled (breathed out.)
In the front part of the chest cavity.Where gas exchange happens.
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Trachea A rigid tube that connects the mouth with the bronchi.
WindpipeLocated in the Throat
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DiaphragmMuscle at the bottom of the chest cavity
that contracts and relaxes, making us breathe.
Separates the chest cavity from the abdomen.Primary muscle of respiration.
Increases and decreases the pressure in the chest cavity to make you breathe.
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BronchiolesMany small tubes that branch from each bronchus into the lungs. They get smaller
and smaller.
Connects to the Bronchia at one end and the Alveoli at the other end.
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Alveoli A tiny, thin-walled air sac at the end of the bronchiole branches (plural - alveoli).
Where the gas exchange happens in the lungs.
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DiffusionThe movement of atoms or molecules
from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Atoms and small molecules can move across a cell membrane by diffusion.
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Cellular RespirationA series of chemical reactions that turns food (glucose) into usable energy for the
cell.
Glucose plus oxygen equals carbon dioxide, water and ATP (Energy)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP.
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria are the cell's power producers. They convert energy into forms that are usable by the cell. Located in the cytoplasm, they are the sites of cellular respiration which makes energy for the
cell's activities.
Organelles that act like a digestive system for the cell. They take in nutrients, break
them down, and create energy. The number of mitochondria in a cell
depends on the cell’s job. For example, a muscle cell that needs a lot of energy will
contain more mitochondria.
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Glucose
The most common form of sugar, found in the bodies of living things; a molecule
composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
Glucose is involved in the production of energy in both plants and animals.
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ATP
A high energy molecule that stores the energy we need. Living things can use ATP like a battery. The ATP can power needed
reactions by losing one of its phosphorous groups. You can use food energy in the
mitochondria to convert ADP back to ATP so that the energy is again available to do
needed work.
It is present in all living cells.Adenosine Triphosphate
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Aerobic Able to live, grow, or take place only where free oxygen is present
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and glucose and produces energy, water and
carbon dioxide.Takes place in the mitochondria.
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Anaerobic Living without oxygen
Anaerobic respiration requires glucose and produces a little energy, carbon
dioxide and lactic acid.