OLR (1988) 35 (6) E. Biological Oceanography 559

continuously collects data on movements of up to 14 tagged lobsters simultaneously. The method and its problems are discussed and suggestions made for improvement. Susceptibility to wave action of the aerials and the main communication cable that brings the signals to shore suggests that electro- magnetic tracking is feasible only in calm and shallow environments. CSIRO Div. of Fish. Res., P.O. Box 20, North Beach, WA 6020, Australia.

88:3502 Radford, P.J. and P. Ruardij, 1987. The validation of

ecosystem models of turbid estuaries. Continent. Shelf Res., 7(11-12): 1483-1487.

The ecosystem model of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary (GEMBASE) was fitted to 3 years of survey data, and subsequently validated against a further 5 years of monitoring data. A control chart technique demonstrates that the model is an ade- quate representation of the estuarine carbon cycle, although the precision of model estimates reduces with increasing trophic level. A model of the Eros Estuary has been adapted to simulate the Severn Estuary, and the impact of introducing a notional tidal power scheme assessed. Results were compared to those obtained using GEMBASE in the Severn. Broad predictions from both models are in agree- ment, although some detail is at variance, implying fundamental ecological assumptions of the models are compatible. IMER, Prospect Place, PLI 3DH, Devon, UK.

88:3503 Zadorina, V.M., 1987. Choice of trap exposure time

for collection of invertebrate drift samples. Hydrobiol. J. (a translation of Gidrobiol. Zh.), 23(2):82-86. Polar Res. Inst. of Mar. Fish. and Oceanogr., Ministry of Fish., Acad. of Sci., Murmansk, USSR.

crustacean fisheries exist off South African coasts: trap-fisheries off the western and southern coasts and a demersal trawl fishery off the eastern coast. Rock lobsters, langoustines, penaeid prawns, caridean shrimp, and red crabs constitute the primary crustacean catch. Growth, distribution patterns, and catch-based stock assessments are discussed. Sea Fish. Res. Inst., Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay 8012, Cape Town, South Africa. (gsb)

88:3505 Gordon, D.C. Jr., P.D. Keizer, Peter Schwinghamer

and G.R. Daborn, 1987. Ecological evaluation of the Cumberland Basin [Bay of FundYl ecosystem model. Continent. Shelf R es., 7(11-12):1477-1482.

A holistic 1-D model of the Cumberland Basin has three each compartments, boundaries and interact- ing submodels. Twenty-eight biological state vari- ables represent broad functional groups of organ- isms and non-living organic carbon pools. Individual pelagic state variables give annual simulations in general agreement with available calibration data. Major problems remain with some benthic state variables, especially subtidal ones. The model per- forms well and output at the ecosystem level agrees with field observations. Annual community respi- ration exceeds phytoplankton net production 2-5- fold, suggesting the importance of carbon imported from surrounding marshes and sea. Annual com- munity respiration and microalgal net production are closely balanced in intertidal sediments; respi- ration in subtidal sediments is dependent upon sedimented carbon. Results affirm that the Cum- berland Basin is a heterotrophic ecosystem with low primary production and requires imported organic carbon to support production and respiration of higher trophic levels. Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.

FA0. Area studies, surveys (baselines, ecol- ogy, etc.)

88:3504 Crawford, R.J.M., L.V. Shannon and D.E. Pollock,

1987. The Benguela ecosystem. Part IV. The major fish and invertebrate resources. Oceanogr. mar. Biol. a. Rev., 25:353-505.

The major fisheries resources of the southeast Atlantic associated with the Benguela Current system are reviewed. In addition to the large commercial catches of finfish (the Peruvian anchoveta fishery is the largest in the world), two

E50. General biology, ecology, bioge- ography, etc.

88:3506 Bradner, H. et al., 1987. Bioluminescence profile in

the deep Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 34(11A): 1831-1840.

A calibrated instrument with a threshold sensitivity of 400 photons cm 2 s L was used to measure the vertical profile of bioluminescence at a depth of 4300 m at a station near Hawaii. The measured light is dominated by flashes over a very faint ambient background. The median light levels follow an exponential scaling law below 2000 m and decrease

560 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1988) 35 (6)

at the rate of l/e per kilometer. Stimulated bio- luminescence is observed in the wake of the instrument, even at depth. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

88:3507 Brawley, S.H. and Xiugeng Fei, 1987. Studies of

mesoherbivory in aquaria and in an unbarricaded mariculture farm on the Chinese coast. J. Phycol., 23(4):614-623.

Laboratory and coastal mariculture farm studies of the effects of caprellid and gammarid amphipods on the growth of macrophytes and epiphytes suggest that mesoherbivores may have important effects on intertidal and subtidal algal community structure by controlling epiphytic growth. Dept. of Gen. Biol., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN 37235, USA. (gsb)

88:3508 Karplus, Ilan, 1987. The association between gobiid

fishes and burrowing alpheid shrimps. Oceanogr. mar. Biol. a. Rev., 25:507-562. Agric. Res. Organization, Fish and Aquaculture Res. Sta- tion Dor, D.N. Hof Hacarmel 30820, Israel.

88:3509 Wilson, G.D.F. and R.R. Hessler, 1987. Speciation

in the deep sea. A. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 18:185-207.

Speciation in the deep sea (~200 m) is reviewed in terms of the available data on deep sea species concepts and features of the abyssal benthic biota and environment that might influence speciation processes. Speciation hypotheses are not emphasized because of the incompleteness of the available database. The environment of hydrothermal vents is described and contrasted with the rest of the deep sea. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. (gsb)

ES0. Plankton (also pr imary productivity, seston and detritus)

88:3510 Cloern, J.E., 1987. Turbidity as a control on phyto-

plankton biomass and productivity in estuaries. Continent. Shelf Res., 7(11-12):1367-1381.

In many coastal plain estuaries light attenuation by suspended sediments confines the photic zone to a small fraction of the water column, such that light limitation is a major control on phytoplankton production and turnover. For a variety of estuarine systems, photic-zone productivity can be estimated

as a function of phytoplankton biomass times mean irradiance of the photic zone. Much of the spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton biomass or productivity in estuaries is explained by variations in the ratio of photic depth to mixed depth. USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.

88:3511 Colijn, Franciscus, Wim Admiraal, J.W. Baretta and

Piet Ruardij, 1987. Primary production in a turbid estuary, the Ems--Dollard: field and model studies. Continent. Shelf Res., 7(11-12):1405- 1409. Tidal Water Div., van Alkemadelaan 400, P.O. Box 20904, 2500 EX Den Haag, Neth- erlands.

88:3512 Corey, S. and W.R. Milne, 1987. Recurrent groups of

zooplankton in the Bay of Fundy and southwest Nova Scotia regions, Canada. Can. J. Zool., 65(10):2400-2405.

Comparisons of recurrent group analysis on 40 species of zooplankton were made on a seasonal and annual basis. One major recurrent group occurred per region. Six and five core species occurred in the Bay of Fundy and southwest Nova Scotian waters, respectively. Of these, Sagitta elegans, Calanus finmarchicus, and Metridia lucens were common to both areas. The interconnection of these zooplank- ton communities is relatively strong (75% of core species for either area occurred in the other area in three of four surveys). All core species were endemic and boreal. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Guelph, ON N 1G 2W1, Canada.

88:3513 Garrison, D.L., K.R. Buck and G.A. Fryxell, 1987.

Algal assemblages in Antarctic pack ice and in ice-edge plankton. J. Phycol., 23(4):564-572.

The dynamics of ice edge plankton blooms appear closely related to seasonal melting of sea ice. Algal cells released from the ice are a possible source of ice edge planktonic assemblages, but evidence for this Seeding' has been equivocal. Algal assemblages in ice and water in the Weddell Sea during austral spring 1983 at a receding ice edge with a well- developed ice edge bloom are compared. The high degree of similarity between ice and water column assemblages, spatial and temporal patterns in dis- tribution and abundances of species, and prelimi- nary evidence for the viability and growth of ice-associated species provide evidence for seeding from sea ice of some species in Antarctica. Buck: Inst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of Calif., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.