GROUP 4

BIOLUMINESCENCESMA Insan Cendekia Al-Mujtaba

Fajrina HanifJihan Nisrina PradaniKanesti IsmirajnaNabila Rachma

Mind MappingBioluminescent in General

Bioluminescent caused by Dinoflagellates

Functions of Bioluminescent

What is Bioluminescence?

Bioluminescence occurs widely in marine  vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some fungi, micro-organisms and terrestrial invertebrates. Some  symbiotic organisms carried within larger organisms also produce light.The French pharmacologist Raphaël Dubois carried out early work on bioluminescence.

Bioluminescence is a form of luminescence, or "cold light emission”.

DISTRIBUTION OF BIOLUMINESCENCE

Most marine light-emission is in the blue and green light spectrum, the wavelengths that pass furthest through seawater. The examples are Dinoflagellates, angler fish, and the other.

Non-marine bioluminescence is less widely distributed. The two best-known forms of land bioluminescence are fireflies and glow worms. Other insects, , annelids, arachnids,  and even species of fungi have been noted to possess bioluminescent abilities.

Bioluminescent star fish

Bioluminescent Jelly fish

Bioluminescent alga

Bioluminescent squid

Bioluminescent Brittle star

Bioluminescent coral

Bioluminescent Organisms

Bioluminescence Near Cape Horn

BIOLUMINESCENCE CAUSED BY DINOFLAGELLATES

Vadhoo Island, Maldives

Secret behind “Sparkling Vadhoo Island”

• Dinoflagellates are planktonic - 90% of all dinoflagellates are marine plankton.

• Dinoflagellates are small. - many of them are microscopic and range from 15 to 40 microns in size, the largest, Noctiluca, may be as large as 2 mm in diameter!

• Dinoflagellates are motile - dinoflagellates swim by means of two flagellas… as a result of the action of the two flagellas the cell spirals as it moves.

Let’s introduce yourself!

Dinoflagellates

How do Dinoflagellates Cause a Light?

The Explanation

1. Inside the cells, luciferin is packed in vesicles called scintillons.  This luciferin is produced throughout daylight hours.  The luciferin is usually bound to a protein called a Luciferin Binding Protein or LBP

2. When movement of surrounding water bends the cell membrane, it sends electrical impulses around the vacuole which holds a bunch of protons. then protons move to the cytoplasm (where the scintillons are kept). 

3. The cytoplasm ‘s pH becomes acidified, and the process is activated in the scintillons.

4. the luciferin and the LBP dissociate. In the process of being oxidized, luciferin briefly exists in an excited state, releasing energy in the form of light.  The oxidation of the luciferin by the luciferase results in inactive oxyluciferin. 

Simple Reaction

NOTES

1. That reaction can happen more than once, but once the luciferin is used up, that dinoflagellate is done for the night, until it can replenish its supplies the next day

2. The luciferase found in dinoflagellates is related to the green chemical chlorophyll found in plants. 

THE FUNCTIONS OF BIOLUMINESCENCE

1. As a sign of danger: A number of dino-flagellates show off their ability to produce light only at times of attack by other species. This light emitted from their body serves to protect them from being disturbed by other marine animals.2. Attracting mates:- The attraction of mates is seen actively in fireflies which use periodic flashing in their abdomens to attract mates in the mating seasons.

3. Communication :- Communication plays a role in the regulation of luminesence in many species of bacteria and also in fireflies. Using small extracellularly secreted molecules, they turn on genes for light production only at high cell densities.

And The Other

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