biomass to alcohol to jet/diesel - apan community...fractionation 100 torr, fuel cut 100 to 210 oc...
TRANSCRIPT
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Presented to:
Presented by:
Biomass to Alcohol to Jet/Diesel
Our colleagues from Australia
Dr. Michael Wright NAVAIR
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Navy Energy Goals
50% Alternative Energy
by 2020
50% Net Zero Installations
by 2020
Energy Efficient Acquisition
Sail the Great Green Fleet
50% Less Petroleum in Commercial
Vehicles by 2015
2012 Green Strike Group Demo
2016 Great Green Fleet Sail
Will require multiple
production pathways
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Phase 1:
• Chemical And Physical Property Similarity
• Specification
• Fit For Purpose
Phase 2:
•Performance Similarity
• Materials
• Components
• Propulsion/Fuel Systems
• Distribution Systems
Phase 3:
• Operational Similarity
• Weapon System Trials
Phase 4:
• Long Term Operability
• Field Trials
Process developed and
being streamlined based
on HRJ/HRD experience
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Feedstocks Processing Biorefining Distribution/Utilization
Hydroprocessing
Biological Conversion
Gasification
Pyrolysis
Oil seeds
Biomass
Sugars
Algae
Aviation
Expeditionary
Maritime
Alcohols to Fuel
Other…
Biofuel Production Pathways
MSW
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BLUF
• Multiple Production Pathways/ Sources Required to Meet
SECNAV 2020 50% Alternative Energy Goal
• Biomass to Alcohol to Jet/Diesel pathway opens the door to
potentially large quantities of non-food crop competitive
feedstocks
• NAVAIR’s Alcohol-to-Fuel (ATF) Production Pathway has
potential to be test fuel surrogate for certification of multiple
ATF companies
• Good example of Dual Use R&D with a Transition to the
Private/Commercial Sector: Drives Cost Down (in Theory)
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Alcohol to Fuel Players
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Produce fuel
having similar
chemistry
Can be qualified
together
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Biomass-to-Biofuel Processes
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Full Performance SPK Jet Fuel
(Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene, non-
aromatic
*Key Patented Technology
*
*
* *
Outstanding Features
•Feedstock Diversity
•Bioprocess Robustness
•Platform Molecule Centered
•Process Chemistry Scalable/Reproducible
•100% Synthetic Iso-Paraffinic Kerosene
•Fuel Product Versatility
•Cost Parity, Favorable LCA & Energy Balance
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Non-food Biomass to CLJ-5 Biojet
Non-food
biomass as
feedstock
Cellulosic
sugars: C5/C6
or C3 sugars
Bio-1-butanol
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
Bio-1-butene
CH3CH2CH=CH2
Overall process for making CLJ-5 Biojet
CLJ-5 Biojet
A Pure Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene
Superb & Tested Fuel Qualities:
Cold Flow (61 deg C)
Cetane Index >50
Meets all ATJ acquisition specs
And
predicts a 70+% reduction in GHG
CLJ-5 when blended with JP-5
creates a safer, full performance, and
cleaner burning Jet fuel product.
NAVAIR
Protected
IP
NAVAIR
Protected
IP
fermentation Sugar
extraction
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http://www.chemicals-technology.com/projects/mg-ethanol/http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://i01.i.aliimg.com/photo/v0/285519983/1_Butanol.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.alibaba.com/product-gs/285519983/1_Butanol/showimage.html&usg=__70LG1oGQDwfA3gTJLeX_Kp414WU=&h=301&w=340&sz=29&hl=en&start=87&zoom=1&tbnid=XGRzO8MZ7PYBsM:&tbnh=105&tbnw=119&ei=xlKZT8CEKaOU2gWB_eGWBw&prev=/images?q=butanol+pictures&start=84&hl=en&sa=N&gbv=2&prmdo=1&tbm=isch&itbs=1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tennoji-h.oku.ed.jp/tennoji/oka/OCDB/Hydrocarbon/1-butene-b.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.tennoji-h.oku.ed.jp/tennoji/oka/OCDB/Hydrocarbon/butene.htm&usg=__-p-I5QTljJcNezSnRE4LPiGHERs=&h=714&w=1194&sz=57&hl=en&start=4&zoom=1&tbnid=AhuQB1mFzEkG0M:&tbnh=90&tbnw=150&ei=VlmZT6KEHKGe2QWY-rSzBw&prev=/images?q=1-butene+pictures&hl=en&sa=N&gbv=2&prmdo=1&tbm=isch&itbs=1
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Fuel chemistry & processing overview
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
C8-C12
C16C20
C24+
Wei
ght
Per
cen
tage
Final Fuel Cut
BeforeProcessing
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Crude
Oligomeric
Product
Oligomers
of C12 – C32
2-ethyl-
hexene
(dimer)
Mixture of
C16
isomers
Finished
CLJ-5 &
F-76
Fuels
Lights
Bottoms
C12 – C20
H2 & catalyst
C20 – C32
Oligomers
Bio-
White
gas
H2 & catalyst
Bottoms
PAO
lubricants
Growth
accelerators
Secondary products – no waste!
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Data Summary
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Fit for Purpose of Neat Fuel (ASTM & NAVY) 4-1-2012Test Units ATJ5 DLA Req. ATJ-SPK Spec CLJ-5 ASTM
Navy Commercial
COMPOSITION
Acidity mg KOH/g Max 0.015 0.015 0.012 D3242
VOLATILITY
Distil lation Temperature D86
initial boiling point report report 185
10% recovered °C Max 205 205 194
50% recovered °C Max report report 217
90% recovered °C Max report report 247
Final boiling point °C Max 300 300 262.3
T90-T10 °C Min 25 22 53
Flash Point °C Min 60 38 75.5 D93
Density at 15°C kg/m3 Min 760 730 787 D4052
kg/m3 Max 845 770
Freezing Point °C Max -46 -40 < -83 D5972
THERMAL STABILITY
JFTOT (2.5 h at 325°C)
Temperature °C Min 325 325 D3241
Filter pressure drop mm Hg Max 25 0
Tube deposits Visual Method
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Data on NAVAIR Test ATJ Fuel
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FRL
Description
Detailed pass/fail criteria Fuel
Quantity
SPK requirements NAVAIR ATJ
Fuel
FRL 5 Lab scale production verified 55 gal 55 gal
MSDS supplied Yes
Thermal Stability Report -
Freeze Point (D5972) < -40 oC 22 oC > 45 oC (lab)
Hydrocarbon type (D6379) 42.8 MJ/kg 44 MJ/kg
Density (D4052) 0.73-0.77 0.78
Flash point (D93) >38 oC 61-105 oC
Aromatics (D1319) < 0.5 vol-% 0 %
Elemental composition Report 85% C, 15% H
Cetane Number - 55
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D86 data
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Fuel composition for CLJ-5 : 56% C12, 40% C16, 5% C20
Fractionation 100 torr, fuel cut 100 to 210 oC
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195 198
202 205
209
214
222
233
245
265
185
198 201
204
210
215
225
240
252
259
271
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 90.00% 100.00%
CLJ-5 ASTM D86 Curve
JP-5 Max
JP-5 Average
JP-5 Min
50/50 Blend:JP-5/CLJ-5100% CLJ-5
T90-T10 >22 oC
spec
61 oC
NAWCWD
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CLJ-5 has 0.01 to 0.1
Olefin content
Olefin content determines
the thermal stability of the
fuel. It also has an effect on
aging of the fuels.
For all fuels, petro or bio-
derived, the finishing
process is critical. Finishing
means treating the fuel with
hydrogen in the presence of
a catalyst.
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CLJ-5 Hydrogen 14.9
CLJ-5 is index is 63
Hydrogen content and Cetane number
Hydrogen is a indirect
measure of aromatic
content. Less aromatics,
more hydrogen content.
For all fuels, petro or bio-
derived, more hydrogen
means a lower maintenance
cost (GE document).
Cetane number speaks to if
the fuel will be a good diesel
fuel. CLJ-5 hit the bullseye!
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JP-
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Freezing point
Freezing point is a measure
of fuel flow properties at
high flight levels. Usually
branching in the carbon-
chains make for good cold
flow properties.
This is one very unique
aspect for CLJ-5. It is all
iso-paraffinic; thus, has
superb cold flow properties
and does not require a
expensive energy intensive
hydroprocessing step.
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Biomass Feedstock Sustainability
Feedstock Price Stability*
• Total Forest/Wood Waste, Agriculture
and Bioenergy Crop Biomass Resources
– @ $40/ton, estimated dry tons available
in US: • 2012—138 million
• 2017—161 million
• 2022—187 million
• 2030—243 million
– @ $50/ton, estimated dry tons available
in US: • 2012—234 million
• 2017—311 million
• 2022—418 million
• 2030—551 million
– @ $60/ton, estimated dry tons available
in US: • 2012—258 million
• 2017—392 million
• 2022—602 million
• 2030—767 million
Biofuel Yields Based on
Feedstocks**
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* U.S. Department of Energy. August 2011. U.S. Billion-Ton Update-
Biomass Supply for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry.
**Based on 30 gal/dry ton biofuel yield
Projected
Feedstock
Availability
(Million Dry
Tons)
Fuel
Production
(Billion Gallons)
2012 258 ~7.8
2017 392 ~11.5
2022 602 ~18
2030 767 ~23
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Projected Biofuel Production Cost
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Total Production
Cost
Biomass Cost $/ton
~31 gal/ton
BioButanol
Processing (~$0.95/gal)
Fuel
Processing (~$0.80/gal)
+ + =
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Commercialization Timeline
Lab 60 ml batch
Bench Milestone Q4 2008
Pilot Q2 2009 17x 1-month runs
Commercial*
20 MGPY Potential 2015
Bio-1-Butanol Demo Plant Biomass Boiler 500,000 GPY
Q1 2012
Private Capital &
Gov’t
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*$2/gal biobutanol based on ASPEN modeling used to predict CAPEX /OPEX
300 gal/ton
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NAVAIR’s ATJ Biofuel Process Checklist
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Environmental
• Approximately 80% reduction in GHG relative to petroleum
• Feedstock diversity promotes eco-balance
• Allows for more effective land/water usage
• Lower requirements for pest control and fertilizer
Energy Scorecard
•1 ton “sugar”
represents 16 GJ
energy and produces
80 gals fuel
•80 gals fuel equates
to ~10 GJ energy
•Net Energy Capture
is approximately 60%
Feedstock
• No competition with food crops
• Poised to utilize all components of biomass
• Sustainable and affordable feedstocks
• Other waste streams such as glycerol viable
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Patents pending on the ATJ process
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Charlene Haley, NAWCWD Lead Patent Attorney
Crude
Bio-1-butanol
Pure
Bio-1-butanol
Bio-1-butene
Oligomers
Jet/Diesel Fuel
NC **776
water & contaminant
removal from butanol
NC **821
alcohols to alkenes via
selective catalysts
NC **384
oligomerization of
butene to fuels
NC **302
turbine & diesel fuels
oligomerization
NC **148
oligomerization of
mixed olefins….
NC **782
Oligomerization &
isomerization distill…
NC **558
New Homogeneous ZN
catalysts…..
NC **133
oligomerization &
isomerization….
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BLATE
Biomass to alcohol to jet/diesel fuels pathway offers potentially
significant cost and production-capacity advantages
NAVAIR ATJ/D technology positions the Navy to: 1) increase
biofuel supply to support 2020 Energy Goals and 2) provide a
near term source of fuel for qualification
Timely qualification of the Alcohol to Jet/Diesel pathway will
increase qualified candidates for the Navy/DOE/USDA
biorefinery competition.
With current DLA call and transition of the technology to
licensees, this fuel could be flying by the end of the calendar
year or early 2013.
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Points of Contact
• Dr. Michael Wright Senior Scientist
Research Department, Chemistry Division
Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division
1900 Knox Rd. Mail Stop 6303
China Lake, CA 93555
760-939-1640 and 760-939-1617 (fax)
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