Biomaterial– a substance other than medicament manufactured from natural or synthetic components which is intended to substitute organ or

tissue or part of it to take over its function.

Źródło: Kay C Dee, David A. Puleo, Rena Bizios: An introduction to tissue-biomaterial interactions, John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey, 2002Źródło: Kay C Dee, David A. Puleo, Rena Bizios: An introduction to tissue-biomaterial interactions, John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey, 2002

BIOMATERIALSJ. Dutkiewicz

Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Biomaterials industry

year 19874,7 mld $

Year 200211,7 mld $

Ceramics 2,8 %

Ceramics 2,9 %

Metals44,5 %

Metals29,9 %

Polymers47,1 %

Polymers42,8 %

Natural materials5,7 %

Materials Natural6,3 %

Composites 0,0 %

Composites 18 %

Corrosion resistence w zależności in relation of tissue reaction for various materials

Pola

rizati

on re

sist

ence

(Ω/c

m2)

Biotolerance3

4

7

5

9

6

8

Neutral

Stopy Ti

Toxic

Safe only for certain period

Stal AISI 316L

CoCrNiMo

Kość i zastąpienie kości

steels Cr-Ni-Mo

alloys Co-Cr-Mo, Co-Ni-Cr-Mo, Co-Cr-Ni-Mo-Fe

Ti i jego stopy: Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-(4-9)Nb,

Ti-6Al-(3-6)Nb-(1-6)Ta, Ti-12Mo-6Zr-2Fe, Ti-15Mo-3Nb,

Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al, Ti-Zr-4Nb-2Ta-0,2Pd,

Ti-15Sn-4Nb-2Ta-0,2Pd, Ti-13Nb-13Zr,

Ni-Ti shape memory alloys

alloys Nb i Ta

Noble metals Au, Ag, Pd

Metallic Biomaterials in reconstruction surgery

Płytki szyjnePłytki szyjne

Płytka ramienna blokowanaPłytka ramienna blokowana

Płytka rekonstrukcyjna blokowanaPłytka rekonstrukcyjna blokowana

Examles of application of titanium in surgery

Mechanical poroperties of titaniumMechanical poroperties of titanium

Examples of application of Ti6Al4V in surgery

Śruby transpedikularne do stabilizacji kręgosłupa

Śruby transpedikularne do stabilizacji kręgosłupa Implanty zastępujące kręgi Implanty zastępujące kręgi

Implanty zastępujące krążki międzykręgowe „Cage”

Implanty zastępujące krążki międzykręgowe „Cage”

X-ray image of back bone with avisible shift of vertebras , causing oppress on nerves and pain of the pacient.. Operation is based on stiffening of vertebras with titanium support constructiion regulating distance of vertebras eliminating oppression of nerves.

Dental Implants & SuperstructuresCoated / uncoated

Nitinol

• NIckel-TItanium-

at composition 50 :50 with a possible application of superelasticity in dental orthodontic medicine

Predetermined

Shape of matrix

Orthodontic Applications

“Stents”

Monolitic ceramics base on Al2O3

-Al2O3:

• bioneutral material

• minimal chemical changes in contact with tissue and organism fluids

• brittless and low toughness

(improvement possible by additions of 1 m; ZrO2 [4])

Bioneutral ceramic materials

In stomatological practice

Typical bioceramic elements: alumina dental implants of cerasiv GmbH

Compomers"Dyract® AP offers the restorative

potential to fulfil most applications of traditional glass ionomer restorative

and composite resins .. "

http://www.dentsply.co.uk/articles/018.htm

cavities

etchadhesive

compomer placed

setting

:

bioglasses sodium-calcium (Na2O-CaO-SiO2-P2O5) [8]

sintered hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) [9,10]

-calcium phosphite(Ca3(PO4)2) [11]

two phase ceramic hydroksyapatite-calcium phosphate

crystalline oxyfluoroapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(O,F2)

vollastonite (CaO.SiO2) in a glass matrixMgO-CaO-SiO2 [13]

Due to a poor mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite, most popular are layers on ceramic or metallic substratres

Bio-active ceramic materials

Apatite

Ca5X(PO4)3

X = F, Cl, OH hexagonal, rod like crystals,

Colour: colorless, sometimes yellow, blue, red

shiny

Rysa: biała

Hardness : 5,0 – in Mohs scale

density: 3,16 - 3,22 g cm-3

Root Canal Sealers

Materials from cements to resins have been used

Cytotoxic & tissue irritating potency:• Zinc oxide – eugenol in longest use• Epoxy resin based• Sealers containing a small % of

paraformaldehyde to kill bacteria & fixremaining pulp tissue.

Biocompatible alternatives:4) Calcium hydroxide based to promote

tissue repair at the apex.5) Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)

biocompatible antiseptic non-soluble adhesive slow setting radiopaque dimensionally stable removable if required achieves a good seal