biomaterials in focus: sustainability assessment of ... · 19-01-2017 · biomaterials in focus:...

Biomaterials in Focus:Sustainability assessment of biobased plasticsA Webinar series from the junior researchers team of University of Applied Sciences and Arts, HannoverPart 4 - 1 9. January 201 7 Venkateshwaran Venkatachalam M.Sc.,V.-Prof. Andrea Siebert-RathsHochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ 1 etieSed.revonnah-bbfi.www

1. FORSCHERNACHWUCHSGRUPPE AT IFBB

2. SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT3. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)4. METHODOLOGY OF LCA5. LCA OF BIOBASED PLASTICS6. LCA OF FNG MATERIALS7. OUTLOOK8. SUMMARY

ForscherNachwuchsGruppe at IfBB

Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de

ForscherNachwuchsGruppe (FNG) or Junior Researchers Team„Systematic Identification and Practical Implementation of Synergies in the Area of Biopolymers, Biopolymer Fibres and Composite Materials“Phase I:• Period: 01.07.2012 – 30.06.2015 Phase II: Practical implementation!• Period: Summer 2015 – Winter 2017

Project management agency: Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V.

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ForscherNachwuchsGruppe at IfBB II


Phase II – Unternehmerische Umsetzung (Practical implementation)

Environmental and economic assessment• ´Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of FNG Materials• Life Cycle Costing (LCC) of the value chain

Product communication• Interviews and group discussions• Recommendations for practical implementation• Target oriented communication strategies

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Sustainability Assessment


Sustainable development is the kind of development,

„that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.“

[Brundtland Report 1987]

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Sustainability Assessment II

Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 7

Economic

Social

Environment

• Child labour• Accident risks• Qualification

• Costs• Price• Perspective

(Customers/Producers)

• Climatechange• Resource consumption• Water consumption• Acidifcation• Eutrophication• Summer smog• Landuse/Biodiversity• Toxicity

Sustainability Assessment III


LCSA =

Environment Economic Social

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Costing

Social Life Cycle

Assessment

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment

Ökobilanz Lebenszyklus-kostenrechnung Sozialbilanz

LCA LCC SLCA+ +

Sustainability Assessment IV


Methodology and standards for environmental sustainability assessment

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Environmental Labelling Life Cycle Assessment

DIN EN ISO 14020, DIN EN ISO 14025 (EPD) DIN EN ISO 14040/14044

Product Category Rules

Eco Profile

CPC 374

ILCD Handbook

Product Environmental Footprint

DIN EN 16760Biobased Products

EPD

PCR

LCA

PEF

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) -Definition


„LCA studies the environmental aspects and potential impacts throughout a product’s life (i.e. Cradle to grave) from raw material acquisition through production, use and disposal“

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Sour

ce: M

odifie

dfro

mLB

P –

Unive

rsitä

t Stu

ttgar

t 201

5

Production

Processing

Use

Disposal

Recovery

Raw material acquisition


Methodology of LCA


Direct applications

• Optimization of products

• Strategic planning

• Decision making

• Policymaking

• Marketing

• Others

Goal and scopedefinition

Inventory analysis

Impact assessment

Inte

rpre

tatio

n

Framework of a LCA (DIN EN ISO 14040)

Methodology of LCA II


Systemgrenzen - Ökobilanz

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Que

lle: M

odifiz

iert

nach

LBP

–Un

ivers

ität S

tuttg

art 2

015

Methodology of LCA III


Human Health

Biotic & abiotic natural

environment

Biotic & abiotic natural resources

Biotic & abiotic manmade

environment

Human toxicity

Casualties

Noise

Photochemical oxidant formation

Ozone depletion

Climate change

Acidification

Eutrophication

Eco toxicity

Land use impacts

Biotic resource depletion

Abiotic resource depletion

Species & organism dispersal

Inventory CH4CO2SO2NH3Nox

Que

lle: M

odifiz

iert

nach

Jolie

.et.a

l –M

idpo

int D

amag

e Fr

amew

ork

Impact CategoriesMidpoint categories Endpoint categories

Life Cycle Inventory results

LCA of biobased plastics


Value Chain - Biobased plastics

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Raw material acquisition and production Processing Use End of Life

BiomassBio-inter-

mediates

Bio-polymer Bioplastic Bioplastic

Product

Envi

ronm

enta

l im

pact

s

Recyclate

LCA of biobased plastics II


Value Chain- Conventional Plastics

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Raw material acquisition and production Processing Use End of Life

Crude oil

Inter-mediates Polymer Plastic Plastic

Product

Envi

ronm

enta

l im

pact

s

Recyclate

LCA of biobased plastics III


‐3,12

‐3,50

‐4,60

0,16 0,15 0,10 0,18

‐5

‐4

‐3

‐2

‐1

0

1

Corn (PLA) Sugar beet (PLA) Sugar cane(PLA) Crude oil (ABS) Crude oil (PE) Crude oil (PP) Crude oil (PS)

Globa

l Warming Po

tential (GWP) kg CO

2Eq/kg Po

lymer

Global Warming Potential (GWP) [kg CO2‐Equiv.]

LCA of biobased plastics IV


3,22

1,70

2,21 2,22

0,59

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

Acrylonitrile‐Butadiene‐Styrene (ABS) Polypropylene (PP) Polystyrene (PS) Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Polylactide (PLA)

Globa

l Warming Po

tential (GWP) kg CO

2 Eq

/kg Po

lymer


LCA of biobased plastics V


-6.00

-4.00

-2.00

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

kg C

O2 Eq

./kg

Biop

olym

er

Global Warming Potential (Cradle to grave)

Conventional polymers. Data from PlasticsEurope

LCA of biobased plastics VI


Characterisationfactor

Tendency of Biopolymers

Biopolymers Conventional polymers

Energy demand Different energy demandfor different bio polymers

Different energy demand fordifferent conventional polymers

Global warmingpotential

High CO2 storage duringthe plant growth

High CO2 emission during burning

Abiotic resourcedepletion

Bio-based (renewable) Crude oil based (finite)

Eutrophication potential Consumption of fertilizersand pesticides

Not necessary

Acidification potential Consumption of fertilizersand pesticides

Not necessary

Land use Agricultural field necessary Agricultural field not necessary

Water consumption Process water and water forirrigation

Only process water

LCA of biobased plastics VII


0,0233

0,0071

0,01070,0122

0,0300

0

0,005

0,01

0,015

0,02

0,025

0,03

0,035

Acrylonitrile‐Butadiene‐Styrene (ABS) Polypropylene (PP) Polystyrene (PS) Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Polylactide (PLA)

Eutrop

hicatio

n Po

tential (EP

) Mole of N Eq./kg Po

lymer

Eutrophication Potential (EP) [Mole of N‐Equiv.]

LCA of FNG Materials


Goal: Environmental assessment of FNG-Materials (in comparison to the conventional materials)

System boundaries of the study:Cradle to Grave. The different lifecycle phases considered for this study are:• Raw material acquisition (Biomass Biopolymer)• Production of bioplastic product (Biopolymer Bioplastic product)• Processing of Bioplastic product (Bioplastic product End product (Computer mouse))• Recovery/Disposal of the end product (End product Recycling, incineration etc.)

Functional unit: 1 kg biobased plastic (Blend), which will be used in the manufacture of products such as computer mouse, writing instruments, sport articles.

Impact assessment method: ILCD/PEF Recommendation

LCA Software: GaBi Software (thinkstep AG) Version 6

Database: GaBi, Ecoinvent, literature and measured data

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LCA of FNG Materials II


Selection of impact categories

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Category Indicator Characterization factor

Climate change kg. CO2 Eq Global Warming Potential (GWP)

Acidification Mol H+ Eq Acidification Potential (AP)

Eutrophication Mol. N Eq Eutrophication Potential (EP) (Seawater, Freshwater, Terrestrial)

Summer smog kg. NMVOC Photochemical Oxidant Creation Potential (POCP)

Eco toxicity CTUe Eco toxicity (Freshwater)

Resource depletion m3 Eq Resource depletion – Water

Ozone depletion Kg CFC-11 Eq Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)

LCA of FNG Materials III


Raw material acquisitionBiopolymer

Productionbiobased plastic

Processing and Use End of Life

Value Chain- FNG Materials

LCA of FNG Materials IV


Cradle to Gate – Process route (Raw material acquisition, Production)

Sugarcane

Sugar beet

Sugar mill

Sugar mill

Lactic Acid Polylactide (PLLA)

Lactic Acid PDLA

Additives

Auxiliaries

Production of Bioplastics (IfBB)

Transport

Transport

Transport

Transport

Residue

Dye

Transport

Transport

Raw material acquisition

LCA of FNG Materials VI


Additive 1a

Additive 1b

Additive 1

Additive 2Additive 2a

Additive 3Additive 3a

Additive 4

Raw materials Transport Raw material acquisition

LCA of FNG Materials VII


Gate to Grave – Process route

Processing Use End of Life (Recycling, incineration, composting)

Influencing factors• Energy demand• Packaging• Transport

Influencing factors• Lifetime/usage• Electricity demand• Ergonomic design

Influencing factors• Recyclate quality• Energy demand• Transport

LCA of FNG Materials VIII


0,455

?

0,020

0,006

?

0,224

0,461

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

Raw material acquisition Production Processing and Use End of Life

Globa

l Warming Po

tential (GWP) kg CO

2Eq

/kg biop

lastic


HomopolymerAdditivesTransportOthers

Extrusion Injection molding

LCA of FNG Materials IX


Challenges in the LCA of FNG materials• Setting and selection of system boundaries• Data quality (Primary and Secondary data)• Data availability (Limited availability of primary and secondary data for bio-based

plastics in comparison to the conventional ones)• Cut-off criteria and allocation methods • System expansion (Recycling)• Spatial and temporal changes (Data from different countries and timeframe)• Interpretation of the results and Product communication (comprehensive,

transparent)

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Outlook


• Inclusion of primary data in the considered product system, to increase the data quality.

• Assessment of environmental impact categories along the value chain• Hot-Spot Analysis, to determine the significance/relevance of the selected

environmental impact categories• Making the data on intermediate products and conversion processes available for

free in the ILCD format.• Scenario analysis with regards to different process parameters• Ecological assessment of the biobased plastics, in comparison to the conventional

ones.• Life Cycle Costing (LCC) of the production of biobased plastics

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Summary


• For the analysis and optimization of product system from the environmental, economic and social point of view, a sustainability assessment is required.

• Life Cycle Assessment is a standardized method to determine the potential environmental impacts of a product system

• LCA can be used for both internal and external communication • However the challenge lies in the interpretation and communication of the results

from a LCA study• Are bio-based plastics environmental friendly? There is no concrete yes/no answer.

It is necessary to review at the product level and there are some methodological gaps that still exist.

• The junior researchers team at IfBB will assess the bio-based plastics, taking into account of these challenges in the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

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Summary


Overview and current

challenges

Communication

Processing of biobased plastics

Biowerkstoffe im Einsatz

April 2016

June 2017 Today

June 2016

December 2017

Thank you for your attention!! From the FNG team

Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ 83 etieSed.revonnah-bbfi.www

Dr.-Ing. AndreaSiebert-Raths

Leitung

DanielaJahn

Co-ordination andMaterial development

JessicaRutz

Processing and Simulation

MiriamJaspersen

Communication

JacekLecinski

Potential-analysis

Eva Maria MentzelPublic relations

Venkateshwaran Venkatachalam


Felix SchweerMechanical Testing

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Contact


Hochschule Hannover – Faculty IIIfBB – Institute for Bioplastics andBiocompositesHeisterbergallee 1230453 HannoverTel 0511 / 9296 – 22 68Fax 0511 / 9296 – 99 22 68Mail [email protected] http://fng.ifbb-hannover.de/

• Andrea Siebert-Raths, - 22 [email protected]

• Daniela Jahn, - 22 [email protected]

• Jessica Rutz, - 22 [email protected]

• Jacek Lecinski, - 22 [email protected]

• Eva Maria Mentzel, - 22 [email protected]

• Venkateshwaran Venkatachalam, - 22 51 [email protected]

• Felix Schweer, - 22 [email protected]

• Miriam Jaspersen, - [email protected]

Hochschule Hannover – Faculty IIIExpo Plaza 1230359 Hannover

biomaterials in focus: sustainability assessment of ... · 19-01-2017 · biomaterials in focus:...

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