biomechanics of ankle joint_presentation_by biomedical association of students for excellence(base)
TRANSCRIPT
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BIOMECHANICS OF ANKLE JOINT
Presented by:ASAD ALI SIYAL
(11BM28)
Department of Biomedical Engineering Mehran University of Engineering &Technology (MUET ),Sindh, Pakistan
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Presentation Outlines
• Introduction• Ankle Anatomy•
Ankle Movements• Ankle Biomechanics• Ankle Angle-Geometry• Ankle Muscles• Ankle Goniometry• Ankle Injuries
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INTRODUCTION
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What is Ankle Joint?
• The ankle joint is a hinged synovial joint with primarilyup-and-down movement
• The ankle plays a significant role in enabling the body tomove in the sagittal plane over the weight-bearing foot
• It helps in initiating the next step in walking.
Anatomy of the lateral ankle ligamentous complex and related structures.
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Characteristics
• One of the most important characteristic of the ankle is its abilityand capacity for frontal and transverse plane motion.
• It is critical.
• When we clinically observe movement of the heel relative to theleg, we interpret these motions with the knowledge that they
occur at a combination of the ankle and subtalar joint, not just thesubtalar joint.
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ANKLE ANATOMY
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Bone of the Foot
28 bones (26 +2)14 phalanges5 metatarsals7 tarsals
2 sesamoids
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Bone Anatomy
• Ankle Mortise – Talus
• Trochlea• Anterior surface vs. Posterior surface
– Leg• Tibia• Fibula
– Remember Foot and Ankle areInterrelated
– Biomechanics of Foot, Ankle and Leg
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Articulations and Ligament Support
• Talocrural Joint – Comprised of: – Talus acts as a wedge – Ligaments of the Lateral
Talocrural Joint• Anterior Talofibular
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Articulations and Ligament Support
• Talocrural Joint – Comprised of: – Talus acts as a wedge – Ligaments of the Lateral
Talocrural Joint• Anterior Talofibular
• Sinus Tarsi
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Bones, Muscles, Joints
Bones• Ankle: tarsals, tibia, fibula
Muscles:• Ankle: gastocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior
Synovial JointsAnkle:• Plane (side to side and back and forth, some rotation)
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Bones, Muscles, Joints
Subtalar joint:• Allows eversion / inversion• Hindfoot position locks and unlocks
the midfoot• 3 Facets• allows foot to navigate uneven surfaces• inversion (sole in) and eversion (sole out)• inversion with plantar flexion• eversion with dorsiflexion
Fig. Inversion during Plantar Flexion
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ANKLE MOVEMENTS
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Joint Movement
Dorsiflexion:• moving toes towards the shin
Plantarflexion:• pointing the toes
Dorsiflexion(“Raising the toes”)
Plantarflexion(“Point the toes”)
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Joints of Ankle
Tibiofibular joint:• – Amphiarthrodial joint –Space in-between is
called the mortise
Talocrural joint or Ankle joint:• –Modifies hinge joint formed by the
tibia,lateral malleolus of the fibula, and thetalus
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Joint Movement Muscle
Ankle dorsiflexion:• tibialis anterior
Ankle plantarflexion:• Gastrocnemius
Bony arrangement = stabilityLigaments play major role in stability
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Tri-Plane Movements
• Supination – Inversion – Plantar flexion – Adduction
• Pronation – Eversion – Plantar flexion – Adduction
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ANKLE BIOMECHANICS
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Biomechanics
Ankle biomechanics• Axis of the ankle is oblique•
Movements therefore triplanar• Everts (valgus) and abduction during dorsiflexion• Inverts (varus) and adduction during plantarflexion
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Biomechanics Governing Principles
• Newton’s laws of motion • Levers• Projectiles• Speed/height/angle of release• Stability (centre of gravity, base of support, line of gravity)• Force summation/timing• Transfer of momentum
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Functions
Lower leg provides• –Support for the entire body• –Propulsion through space• – Adaptation to uneven terrain• – Absorption of shock
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Biomechanics In Motion
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Biomechanics Compressive Forces
Compressive Forces of the Foot(60 lb of load applied to the talus)
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Biomechanics Body Weight Distribution(Barefoot standing)
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Biomechanics In Action
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion AbductionInversion
Eversion Adduction
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Biomechanics Facts
• Simple unidirectional forces can be involved in anankle injury resulting in ligamentous damage and
isolated fractures
• Multidirectional forces are usually involved makingdiagnosis a challenge
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BIOMECHANICS ANGLE-GEOMETRY
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Angle Of Release9 0
4 5
0
- 45
-9 0
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ANKLE MUSCLES (Ligaments)
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Ankle Ligaments
• Lateral •Medial
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Lateral Ankle Ligaments
3 primary Lateral ankle ligaments:• –Anterior talofibular• –Posterior talofibular• –Calcaneofibular
- Support and maintenance of bone-apposition- Prevent inversion of the foot associated with plantar flexion
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ANKLE GONIOMETRY
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Goniometry Measurement
- Dorsiflexion:• 0 - 2 5 degrees
- Plantarflexion:• 0 - 5 0 degrees
- Normal gait requires 1 0 degrees of dorsiflexion and 2 0 degrees of plantarflexion with the knee fully extended
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ANKLE INJURIES
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Major Injuries
- The ankle is the most commonly injured weight bearing joint
• Medial complex injuries typically occur from eversion and
abduction
• Lateral complex injuries typically occur with inversion andsupination
• The most common ankle injury
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Lateral View
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Superior View
AP VIEW MORTISE VIEW
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Any question ??
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