biomes
DESCRIPTION
Biomes. There are 6 major biomes in the world:. Rain Forest Desert Grassland Deciduous or Temperate Forest Taiga or Boreal Forest Tundra. Rain Forest Biome. Rain Forest Biome Climate. Almost constant temperature - 25°C (77°F) High humidity - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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BIOMES
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There are 6 major biomes in the world:• Rain Forest• Desert• Grassland• Deciduous or Temperate
Forest• Taiga or Boreal Forest• Tundra
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Rain Forest Biome
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Rain Forest Biome Climate• Almost constant
temperature - 25°C (77°F)
• High humidity• More than 200 cm
rainfall yearly www.angelfire.com
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Rain Forest Animals More than any other biome - the
greatest variety (or diversity) and number of animals live here. The reason is the constant warmth and supply of water and food.
Small animals (monkeys, birds, snakes, rodents, frogs, lizards, insects, etc) often live only in the trees – never coming to the ground
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Rain Forest Plants Emergent Layer Canopy Understory Forest Floor There is 12 hours of sunlight in a tropical
rainforest biome, but less than 2% of it reaches the ground.
Soil is very poor and infertile. “Jungle”
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Desert Biome
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Desert BiomeThese areas get very little precipitation
and have extreme
temperatures.www.uwsp.edu
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Desert Biome Climate• 10°C – 38°C (50°F - 100°F)• Less than 25 cm (10 in)
rainfall yearly
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Desert Animals Reptiles, insects, birds, small
mammals. These animals seek shade,
burrow, and are active at night (nocturnal).
Get water from food: insects, seeds, plants
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Desert Plants Short grasses, sagebrush,
creosote bushes, cacti Adaptations for survival: LONG
(20 – 30 ft) tap roots (root goes deep into the ground to “tap” into groundwater, large horizontal root systems, and the ability to store water
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Grassland Biome
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2 types of grassland biome
Prairies – found in middle latitudes
Savannas – found close to equator
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu
www.lasr.net
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Grassland Biome Climate• 0°C – 25°C (32°F - 77°F)• 25-100 cm rainfall yearly• Very warm summers
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Grassland (Prairie) Animals Buffalo, prairie dogs –
many small mammals which are herbivores
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Grassland (Savannah) Animals Some of the Earth’s largest animals:
elephants, giraffes, antelopes, cheetah, lions, rhinoceros
Many migrate because there is a long dry season and a wet season.
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Grassland (Prairie) plants Grasses and other non-woody plants
which can grow very tall because the soil is very fertile.
Droughts are common – plants have adapted to survive long periods without water.
Fires are common – in fact helps new growth for many of these plants.
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Grassland (Savannah) plants Grasses and some short (scrub) trees.
Grasses can grow very tall because the soil is very fertile.
Have adapted to survive the long dry seasons and intense wet seasons
Grow quickly when the water is available Fires are common – in fact helps new
growth for many of these plants.
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Deciduous Forest or Temperate Forest Biome
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Deciduous Forest Biome• Deciduous trees are trees
that lose their leaves.
• 50 cm - 200 cm precipitation yearly (rain and snow)
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov
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Deciduous Forest Biome• 4 distinct seasons• The summers are warm
and the winters are cool. The average temperatures in the summer are 28º C (82º F) and in the winter are 6º C (43º F).
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Deciduous Forest Biome• These forests have several
layers of vegetation or plants. These plants include shrubs, moss, ferns, and lichens because they don’t need much light.
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov
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Deciduous Forest Biome• The trees in these forests
are hardwoods such as oak, hickory, maple, beech, birch, and sweet gum.
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov
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Deciduous Forest Biome• There is a diverse
population of animals in these forests and a large number of animals. They are all adapted to survive the season changes.
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov
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Deciduous Forest Biome Climate• Examples of animals
include cardinals, robins, owls, deer, black rat snakes, opossum, mice, squirrels, raccoons, etc.
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov
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Deciduous Forest or Temperate Forest Biome
Georgia is in a deciduous forest biome.
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Taiga (Coniferous or Boreal Forest)
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Taiga/Boreal/Coniferous Forest Biome Climate• Very cold winters average
= -10º C or 14º F; warmer summer temperatures, average = 14º C or 57º F
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Taiga/Boreal/Coniferous Forest Biome Climate
• 45-125 cm precipitation yearly
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Taiga/Boreal/Coniferous Forest Biome
• This is a forest of conifers. Conifers are trees that produce seeds in cones. The pine tree is a common example.
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Taiga/Boreal/Coniferous Forest Biome
• Conifer leaves save water with a thick, waxy layer that covers the leaves, or needles.
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Taiga/Boreal/Coniferous Forest Biome
• Conifers are softwoods. Other examples are fir, spruce, and hemlock (think Christmas trees)
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Taiga/Boreal/Coniferous Forest Biome
• Most of the animals are herbivores.
• Most survive the brutal winters by migrating or hibernating.
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Taiga/Boreal/Coniferous Forest Biome
• Migration is the movement of animals from one habitat that will no longer support them to another habitat that will.
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Taiga/Boreal/Coniferous Forest Biome
• Hibernation is when an animal is inactive and slows down its metabolism. It is able to lower its body temperature, slow down its breathing, and/or lower its metabolic rate.
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Taiga/Boreal/Coniferous Forest Biome
• Examples of herbivores are squirrels, insects, birds, snowshoe hares, moose, and beavers.
• Examples of predators are wolves, bears, great horned owls, foxes, and lynxes.
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Tundra Biome
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Tundra Biome Climate• -40°C – 10°C (-40°F – 50°F)• Less than 25 cm
precipitation yearly• Tundra means “marshy
plain”
www.blueplanetbiomes.org
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Tundra Biome• Permafrost is soil
that stays frozen all year. It is found beneath the top, thawed layer.
www.blueplanetbiomes.org
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Tundra Biome• Because of the permafrost
the top layer of soil is always soggy. Because the soil that is NOT frozen is only a few inches deep, only plants with shallow roots can survive.
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Tundra Biome• Plants are mosses,
grasses, shrubs, and small, short trees.
www.blueplanetbiomes.org
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Tundra Biome• In the summer there
are many insects and birds that feed on the insects. Before winter these birds migrate.
www.blueplanetbiomes.org
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Tundra Biome Climate• Mammals of the
tundra include caribou, foxes, wolves, polar bears, and arctic wolves.
www.blueplanetbiomes.org
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Tundra Biome• The mammals that
remain in the winter grow thick fur coats.
www.blueplanetbiomes.org
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Tundra Biome• Small mammals like
lemmings, hares, and shrews are also common.
www.blueplanetbiomes.org