biometric periodization -...

BIOMETRIC PERIODIZATION

A N O V E L C O N C E P T I N T R A I N I N G P E R I O D I Z AT I O N

B A S E D O N T H E U S E O F T E C H N O LO G I E S F O R

M O N I TO R I N G N E U R O M U S C U L A R ,

B I O M E C H A N I C A L A N D B I O C H E M I C A L

PA R A M E T E R S O F T H E AT H L E T E S

Antonio Robustelli, BSc, CSCSSports Performance Manager

Performance Monitoring ConsultantStrength/Speed/Power Development Consultant

KEY POINTS

1. Periodization: theory and methodology

1.a The origin of periodization and various types of periodization schemes

1.b The pros and cons of classic periodization

1.c Supercompensation and fitness/fatigue model

1.d How to test and monitor athlete’s performance

1.e How to monitor and regulate load during the various phases of the year

BIOMETRIC PERIODIZATION10th International Conference in Physical Education, Sports and Physical TherapyFirat University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Elazig, Turkey, November 18-20, 2016

KEY POINTS

2. Biometric Periodization

2.a The concept of biometric periodization

2.b The regulatory biometric feedback

2.c Testing and monitoring athletes

2.d Profiling the athlete: functional assessment vs. skills assessment


KEY POINTS

3. Applied technology for sport

3.a Neuromuscular screening: infrared thermography, tensiomyography, myotonometry

3.b Biomechanical screening: foot pressure mapping/baropodometry/gait analysis

3.c Biochemical monitoring: salivary diagnostics

3.d Practical applications and case studies



1. PERIODIZATIONTHEORY AND METHODOLOGY

PERIODIZATION: THEORY AND

METHODOLOGY


1. PERIODIZATION THEORY AND METHODOLOGY

The origin of periodization and various types of periodization schemes



WHAT IS PERIODIZATION?

“Defined as the long term cyclic structuring of training and practice to maximize performance to coincide with important competitions.”

Verkoshansky and Siff, 2009




“Defined as a logical phasic method of varying training volume, intensity factors, and exercises in order to optimize training progress.”

Mike H. Stone, 2004




“Defined as programmed variation in the training stimuli with the use of planned rest periods to augment recovery and restoration of an athlete’s potential.”

Kraemer and Hakinnen, 2002



TERMS AND DEFINIT IONS

PERIODIZATION

PLANNING PROGRAMMING

Tudor Bompa, 1963



TERMS AND DEFINIT IONS

PERIODIZATION

PLANNING

PROGRAMMING

TRAINING STRUCTURE

TRAINING MODALITIES



PERIODIZATION SCHEMES

SEQUENTIAL

CONCURRENT

CONJUGATE




SEQUENTIAL

CONCURRENT

CONJUGATE

DEVELOPMENT OF ONE TRAINING GOAL AT A TIME

DEVELOPMENT OF ALL ABILITIES IN A GIVEN TIME

PERIOD

DEVELOPMENT OF ONE ABILITY WHILE

MAINTAINING THE OTHERS WITH LOW VOLUME

(Mladen Jovanovic, 2006)




SEQUENTIAL

CONCURRENT

CONJUGATE

INTEGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR

SKILLS (strength, speed, endurance)




MATVEYEV AND CLASSIC SOVIET PERIODIZATION

ISSURINBlock periodization

TUDOR BOMPA MODEL

VERKOSHANSKYBlock periodization and conjugate model

CYBERNETIC PERIODIZATIONMel Siff

VERTICAL PERIODIZATIONDDR/Charlie Francis


The pros and cons of classic periodization


CLASSIC PERIODIZATIONWHAT DOES

IT MEAN?

For the scope of this lecture, we refer to «classic periodization» in relation

to current methods of monitoring athletes to receive feedbacks for

regulation of daily and weekly training load



Periodization is not a rigid concept and it is not based on mathematical progression.Instead, the process of periodization is an open one and it is highly dependent by autoregulation and continuous feedbacks.

The methods of auto-regulation and feed-forward/feedback are highly subjective and they doesn’t give us information about soft tissue status, biomechanical function and biochemical activity.



Supercompensation and fitness/fatigue model




SINGLE FACTOR SUPERCOMPENSATION

MODEL

Physiological model




DUAL FACTOR SUPERCOMPENSATION

MODELFITNESS-FATIGUE (Bannister, 1982)

Mathematical model



Supercompensation and

fitness/fatigue model



How to test and monitor athlete’s performance

STRENGTHSPEED & AGILITY

ENDURANCE

MAX STRENGTH 1-3 RM

POWER

POWER ENDURANCE

MUSCULAR ENDURANCE

ACCELERATION

AGILITY

MAXIMAL SPEED

SPEED ENDURANCE

JUMP TEST

NUMBER OF EXPLOSIVE REPS, JUMP

TEST

N. OF REPS WITH A FIXED

LOAD

10-40 METERS

T-Test

30-60 METERS

80-200 METERS

AEROBIC POWER/CAPACITY

COOPER, BILLAT,

CONCONI

ANAEROBIC ENDURANCE

YO-YO RECOVERY



How to monitor and regulate load during the various phases of the year

WELLNESS QUESTIONNAIRES

RPE



How to monitor and regulate load during the various phases of the year

GPS HRVBODY

COMPOSITION



WELLNESS QUESTIONNAIRES

RPE

WHAT IS THE PROBLEM?

HIGHLY SUBJECTIVE METRICS

GPS

HRV

BODY COMPOSITION

OBJECTIVE METRICS BUT THEY DON’T GIVE US ANY INFORMATION ABOUT SOFT TISSUES STATUS, WHERE MOST OF INJURIES HAPPEN


2. BIOMETRIC PERIODIZATION

BIOMETRIC PERIODIZATION



The concept of biometric periodization

WHAT IS B IOMETRIC PERIODIZATION?



A novel concept in training periodization based on the use of

advanced technologies for monitoring neuromuscular,

biomechanical and biochemicalparameters of the athletes



The regulatory biometric feedback

WHAT DOES B IOMETRY STANDS FOR?

BIOSIGNALS METRICS+

Any signal in living beings that can be continually

measured and monitored

Parameters or measures of quantitative

assessment used for measurement



The regulatory biometric feedback

WHAT DOES B IOMETRY STANDS FOR?

BIOSIGNALS METRICS+

BIOMETRY



WHAT IS THE B IOMETRIC FEEDBACK?

WE ARE A CYBERNETIC SYSTEM, CONTINUALLY TRYING TO AUTOREGULATE

TO FIND CoG POSITION AND TO REACH ADAPTATION TO VARIOUS STIMULI



Testing and monitoring athletes

INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY

TENSIOMYOGRAPHY MYOTONOMETRY BAROPODOMETRY



Profiling the athlete: functional assessment vs. skills assessment

FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT REFERS TO THE EVALUATION

OF THE FUNCTION OF VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL

SYSTEMS OF THE BODY AND FUNCTIONAL RESERVES OF REGULATORY MECHANISMS

SKILLS ASSESSMENT REFERS TO TESTING AND

EVALUATION OF BIOMOTOR ABILITIES DEVELOPMENT AND

LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE


3. APPLIED TECHNOLOGY FOR

SPORTAPPLIED

TECHNOLOGY FOR SPORT


3. APPLIED TECHNOLOGY FOR SPORT

Neuromuscular screening: infrared thermography, tensiomyography, myotonometry






NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUE FOR

DETECTION OF SKIN SURFACE TEMPERATURE





Functional thermal asymmetries increase the risk of soft tissue overload injuries.

Ipsilateral and contralateral thermal asymmetries are highly correlated with injury

risk.





2 MEASUREMENT PROTOCOLS

AT REST AFTER TRAINING





VERY FAST NON-INVASIVE HIGH LEVEL OF SKILLS REQUIRED




TENSIOMYOGRAPHY (TMG)





NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUE FOR THE

ASSESSMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR

FUNCTION

The measurement is completely non-invasive. The displacement sensor is placed on the skin above a selected muscle, which is artificially stimulated with an electro stimulator to obtain a standardized, repeatable contraction. The sensor measures the displacement and obtains time-based characteristics.




The results are displayed in real-time on screen as time/displacement curves. The dynamic response time of the sensor lies in the millisecond range, allowing you to distinguish differences in reaction between fast and slow muscle fibres.






MYOTONOMETRY



MYOTONOMETRY

NON-INVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF

INDIVIDUAL SKELETAL MUSCLES, TENDONS AND

LIGAMENTS



MYOTONOMETRY

THE DEVICE DETECTS EVEN SMALL CHANGES IN THE STATE AND PROPERTIES OF TISSUES

TO A HIGH DEGREE OF ACCURACY.



MYOTONOMETRY

THE MYOTON QUANTIFY MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF

MUSCLES BY MEASURING MUSCLE TONE, MUSCLE

RIGIDITY (STIFFNESS) AND MUSCLE ELASTICITY



MYOTONOMETRY

Exertion of a mechanical impulse

Registration of a co-oscillation

Computation of parameters



Biomechanical screening: foot pressure mapping/baropodometry/gait analysis

FOOT PRESSURE MAPPING

STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNIQUE FOR BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS

OF FOOT/ANKLE COMPLEX FUNCTION, HIPS, GAIT AND

WHOLE BODY SIMMETRY




Static and dynamic foot pressure analysis is

performed on a baropodometric platform,

through which the pressure exerted by the feet from standstill and during walking is being

measured.



FOOT PRESSURE MAPPINGWhat is baropodometry?

Why sports baropodometry?

State-of-the-art technique for biomechanical analysis and for the evaluation of biomechanical function of foot/ankle complex, hips, lower extremities, gait and whole body simmetry and synchrony.

Technology for the assessment and measurement of plantar pressuresboth in static and dynamic.



FOOT PRESSURE MAPPINGSTATIC BAROPODOMETRYFoot pressure mapping

PRE-SEASON SCREENING PHASE:

- Initial screening

- Creation of individual baseline feet profile

Analysis of the function of foot/ankle complex

Analysis of hip buffering function

and body load shifting

Analysis of static body simmetry




PRE-SEASON PREPARATION PHASE:

- Daily monitoring- Detection of the effects of training load on body

neuromechanics (short-terms adaptations)- Adjustments and intervention (therapy, recovery,

insoles, correctives)




COMPETITION PHASE:

- Weekly monitoring- Detection of the effects of long-terms biological

adaptations- Lower kinetic chain muscle fatigue (high squat

static position)



Biochemical monitoring: salivary diagnostics

REAL-T IME SAL IVA TEST ING





NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUE FOR COLLECTION OF SALIVA

SAMPLES AND REAL TIME ANALYSIS OF BIOCHEMICAL

MARKERS





CORTISOL TESTOSTERONE



Practical applications and case studies

Professional football player – Serie B Italy, 2015-2016 Season


References

1. Gomez Carmona, P. M., Sillero Quintana, M., Noya Salces, J., & Pastrano Leon, R. (2008). La termografia como medio de prevencion, seguimiento y recuperacion de lesiones en futbolistas. Abfutbol (36), 11. 2. Ahlem Arfaoui, Guillaume Polidori, Redha Taiar and Catalin Popa (2012). Infrared Thermography in Sports Activity, Infrared Thermography, Dr. Raghu V Prakash (Ed.), InTech, DOI: 10.5772/30268.3. Carolin Hildebrandt, Karlheinz Zeilberger, Edward Francis John Ring and Christian Raschner (2012). The Application of Medical Infrared Thermography in Sports Medicine, An International Perspective on Topics in Sports Medicine and Sports Injury, Dr. Kenneth R. Zaslav (Ed.), InTech, DOI: 10.5772/28383.4. Gomez Carmona, P. M., Sillero Quintana, M., Noya Salces, J., & Pastrano Leon, R. (2008). Infrared Thermography as an injury prevention method in soccer. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 25 (6)(128), 490.5. Gomez Carmona, P. M., Sillero Quintana, M., Noya Salces, J., & Fernandez, I. (2010). Validacion de la termografia infrarroja como metodo de prevencion de lesiones en futbolistas profesionales. Revista Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 5(13 – Suplemento), 16 Area Actividad Fisica y Salud.6. João Carlos Bouzas Marins, Alex Andrade Fernandes, Sergio Piñonosa Cano, Danilo Gomes Moreira, Fabrício Souza da Silva, Carlos Magno Amaral Costa, Ismael Fernandez-Cuevas, Manuel Sillero-Quintana, Thermal body patterns for healthy Brazilian adults (male and female), Journal of Thermal Biology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.02.0207. Hildebrandt, C., Zeilberger, K., Ring, E. F. J., & Raschner, C. The application of medical Infrared Thermography in sports medicine. In K. R. Zaslav (Ed.), An International Perspective on Topics in Sports Medicine and Sports Injury (pp. 534): InTech, 2012 8. Al-Nakhli HH, Petrofsky JS, Laymon MS, Berk LS. The use of thermal infra-red imaging to detect delayed onset muscle soreness. J Vis Exp. 2012; 22;(59). pii: 3551. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.3791/3551


9. Marins, J. C. B., Fernandez-Cuevas, I., Ribot-Serrano, J., Garcia-Concepcion, M. A., Gomez Carmona, P. M., & Sillero Quintana, M. (2012). Thermal response of the skin temperature on muscle and joint body areas after strength training by infrared thermography. Thermology International, 22(3), 119-120. 10. Albert S. M. Thermography in orthopedics. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1964; 121: 157-170.11. Verdasca R. Symmetry of temperature distribution in the upper and the lower extremities. Thermology International. 2008;18(4):154.12. Fernández-Cuevas I, Gómez-Carmona PM, Sillero-Quintana M, Noya-Salces J, Arnaiz-Lastras J, Pastor-Barrón A. Economic costs estimation of soccer injuries in first and second spanish division professional teams. Paper presented at the 15th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Sciences ECSS, 2010; Antalya, Turkey. 13. Moreira, D., Fernandes, A., Silva, F., Costa, C., Pimenta, E., Sillero-Quintana, M., Fernandez-Cuevas, I., Marins, J. C. B. (2012). Simmetry of the skin temperature of the lower limbs in young soccer players. Thermology International, 22(3), 99.14. Alex de Andrade Fernandes, Paulo Roberto dos Santos Amorim, Ciro Josè Brito, Manuel Sillero-Quintana & Joao Carlos Bouzas Marins (2016). Regional skin temperature response to moderate aerobic exercise measured by infrared thermography. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine.15. Ismael Fernández-Cuevas, Joao Carlos Marins, Javier Arnáiz Lastras, Pedro Gómez Carmona, and Manuel Sillero Quintana (2016). Validity, reliability and reproducibility of skin temperature in healthy subjects using infrared thermography. Agache's measuring the skin, Publisher: Springer International Publishing.


THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Antonio Robustelli, BSc, CSCSSports Performance Manager

Performance Monitoring ConsultantStrength/Speed/Power Development Consultant

[email protected]+393934346930+393339297221antonio_robustelli (skype)

mailto:[email protected]

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