biomeurne s i n a a r s i biofarmer - elkana
TRANSCRIPT
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manana gigauri
mariam jorjaZe
Tamaz dundua
daviT doliZe
besik kalandaZe
irakli javaxiSvili
biZina feraZe
lllliiiitttt.... kkkkoooorrrreeeeqqqqttttuuuurrrraaaa
kkkkoooommmmppppiiiiuuuutttteeeerrrruuuulllliiiiuuuuzzzzrrrruuuunnnnvvvveeeellllyyyyooooffffaaaa
nodar ebraliZe
manana gigauri
nino kunWulia
direqtorisgan
FOREWORD FROM THE DIRECTOR
biomeurneBIOFARMER
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia `elkanas~ perioduli gamocema
2
siaxle
NEWS4
gamoxmaureba
FEEDBACK9
Sexvedrebi, seminarebi, konferenciebi
MEETINGS, WORKGHOPS, CONFERENCES6
rCevebi biomeurneebs
ADVICES FOR BIO-FARMERS16
saTemo mobilizeba da soflis ganviTareba
COMMUNITY MOBILISATION & RURAL DEVELOPMENT25
agrobiomravalferovnebis dacva
PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURAL DIVERSITY29
iuridiuli konsultacia
LEGAL ADVICE35
Cveni biomeurneebi
OUR BIO-FARMERS37
Cveni Jurnalis stumrebi
GUESTS OF OUR MAGAZINE12
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siaxle
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treningcentri
`elkanas~ ofisSisiaxlesiaxle
`qarTvel glexobas yvelaze metadgzis gakvleva sWirdeba meurneobisxeirianad warmarTvisaTvis− rom imTiTo mtkavela miwaze− rac glex-kacis sakuTrebas Seadgens− meurneo-bis gaumjobesebuli wesebiswyalobiT rac SeiZleba meti daxarisxiani mosavali miiRos; SeZ-los brZola gvalvisa− wyaldido-bisa− kaliisa− WivWavisa− mosavlisim aTasnairi mtris winaaRmdeg−romelTa Tavidan moSoreba ganaT-lebul adamians ase Tu iseSeuZlia.~
iiiivvvvaaaannnneeee mmmmaaaaCCCCaaaabbbbeeeelllliiii
biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia `elkanasTan" arsebuli
treningcentri gTavazobT kursebs bioagrowarmoebis dargSi.
kursebi gaTvlilia:
� "elkanas" wevr fermerebze,
� sxva fermerebze,
� studentebze da skolis moswavleebze
� saxelmwifo moxeleebze,
� arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
TanamSromlebze,
� mewarmeebze,
� sxva dainteresebul pirebze.
& kursebis Sinaarsi maqsimalurad gasagebi formiTaa Camo-
yalibebuli da Seesabameba konkretuli miznobrivi jgufis
moTxovnebs;
& kursis Catarebisas gamoyenebulia TvalsaCino masala, saswav-
lo TamaSebi, filmebi, prezentaciebi;
& kursis msvlelobisas tardeba testireba, ris safuZvelzec ga-
icema sertifikati;
& yvela kursi Sedgeba Teoriuli da praqtikuli nawilisagan;
& kursi fasiania da mis RirebulebaSi Sedis: kursis beWdviTi
masala, damswreTa sia da fotosuraTi, kveba (sadili, Cai/ya-
va), ZirZveli qarTuli kulturebisagan damzadebuli kerZebis
degustacia, gasvliTi sesiis dros transportiT uzrunvely-
ofa, kulturuli programa;
& kursis SemuSavebasa da CatarebaSi monawileoben maRalkva-
lificiuri, gamocdili specialistebi.
kkkkuuuurrrrssssiiiissss mmmmiiiizzzzaaaannnniiiiaaaa ::::
uzrunvelyos miznobrivi jgufi biomeurneobaze
gadasvlisaTvis saWiro Teoriuli da praqtikuli
codniT
bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeeeoooobbbbaaaa ---- zzzzooooggggaaaaddddiiii kkkkuuuurrrrssssiiii
55
siaxle
kursis xangrZlivobaa 7 dRe
- aqedan:
- 5 dRe - Teoriuli mecadineoba,
- 1 dRe - praqtika - "elkanas" erT-erTi
wevris biomeurneobis daTvaliereba,
- 1 dRe - jgufuri muSaoba.
Catarebis dro: 10.00 - 17.30.
saswavlo saaTebis raodenoba - 42 sT.
Rirebulebaa 1 piri (7dRe) - 200 lari.
SeRavaTebi:
- adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo orga-
nizaciebis warmomadgenlebisaTvis -
50 %-iani fasdakleba - 100 lari,
- studentebisa da fermerebisaTvis -
75 %-iani fasdakleba - 50 lari.
kursebi ikiTxeba or enaze - qarTulad,
rusulad
dagegmili kursebi:
- PLA meTodologiebi (Tanamonawileo-
biTi swavleba da qmedeba)
- marketingi bioagrowamoebaSi
- kooperirebis safuZvlebi
- biomeurneobis samrCevlo meTodologia
- biomravalferovneba
- mcenareTa dacva biologiur meurneobaSi
- niadagis nayofierebis amaRlebis bio-
meTodebi
- biomefutkreoba
- biomevenaxeoba
- meRvineoba
- biomefrinveleoba
- biomebostneoba
- biomeTxeoba
- biomecxoveleoba
- biomebaReoba da fitodizaini
kursis gavlis Semdeg msmeneli:
kursi acnobs msmenels biomeurneobis
principebs da mis meTodologias
kursis ZiriTadi Temebia:
SeiZens codnas biomeurneobis ZiriTadi principebisa da amocanebis Sesaxeb;
SeZlebs am principebisa da meTodebis sakuTar meurneobaSi gamoyenebas;
darwmundeba bioagrowarmoebis efeqturobaSi.
biomravalferovneba,
narCenebis utilizeba,
bunebrivi energiis efeqturi gamoyeneba,
marketingi,
kooperireba.
seminarebi, Sexvedrebi, konferenciebi
66bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeee 1111 ((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555
2005 wlis 1-3 Tebervals gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis orga-
nizaciisa (FAO) da biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia `elkanas~ mier
Catarda seminari `sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis infra-
struqtura da maTi gamoyeneba saqarTvelos agrarul seqtorSi~.
am Temaze, 2003 wels, FAO-m saqarTveloSi Caatara kvleva da gamoavlina
agrarul seqtorSi momuSave aTi organizaciis problemebi da SesaZleblobebi
efeqturi sainformacio da sakomunikacio sistemebis gamoyenebis
TvalsazrisiT. seminari am kvlevis erTgvar gagrZelebas warmoadgenda da
miznad isaxavda:
- Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis analizs saqarTvelos agrarul seqtorSi
momuSave organizaciebTan, maT Soris fermerTa organizaciebTan erTad
- monawile organizaciebis saWiroebaTa ganaxlebuli nusxis Sedgenasa da
- erovnuli proeqtis pirveladi monaxazis SemuSavebas agrarul sferoSi
sakomunikacio da sainformacio sistemis gaumjobesebis mizniT
seminaris muSaobaSi monawileobda FAO-s ori warmomadgeneli da 23 adg-
ilobrivi organizacia. seminarze Sefasda saqarTvelos agrarul seqtorSi
arsebuli sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis susti da Zlieri
mxareebi, ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebi; SemuSavda rekomendaciebi da
erovnuli proeqtis - `sainformacio da sakomunikacio sistemis gaumjobese-
ba saqarTveloSi agraruli seqtoris ganviTarebis mizniT~ - pirveladi mon-
axazi.
seminarze SemuSavda Semdegi rekomendaciebi:
- seminaris angariSi daegzavnos seminaris monawileebs, soflis meurneo-
bisa da sursaTis saministros, parlamentis agrarul sakiTxTa komitet-
sa da FAO-s;
- saproeqto ganacxadis saboloo versia SemuSavdes mcire jgufis mier,
sxva monawileebTan aqtiuri konsultaciebiT;
- soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis saministros vacnoboT seminaris
Sedegebis Sesaxeb, movipovoT misi mxardaWera saproeqto ganacxadis
momzadebis procesSi misi warmomadgenlis CarTvisa da saministros
saxeliT saproeqto ganacxadis FAO-Si wardgenis Taobaze;
- seminaris Sesaxeb informacia (pres-relizi) gavrceldes monawile orga-
nizaciebis sainformacio saSualebebis, masmediisa da sainformacio
qslebis meSveobiT;
- saproeqto ganacxadze momuSave jgufma gaiTvaliswinos mimdinare
sasoflo-sameurneo proeqtebi da SeZlebisdagvarad miaRwios sinergizms;
- saproeqto ganacxadze momuSave jgufi daukavSirdes miwis kadastris
departaments da misgan miiRos konsultaciebi;
- saqarTvelos mTavrobas eTxovos, raTa man meti yuradReba dauTmos
soflis meurneobis seqtorSi momuSave organizaciebs
seminaris monawileebis azriT, sainformacio da sakomunikacio sistemis
gaumjobeseba saqarTveloSi xels Seuwyobs fermerebis monawileobas
agraruli politikis SemuSavebaSi, daaxloebs mecnierebsa da fermerebs,
gaaumjobesebs sakonsultacio momsaxurebis xarisxs. dabolos, es yvelaferi
dadebiT gavlenas moaxdens fermeruli meurneobebis ganviTarebasa da
mdgradobaze.
sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnolo-
giebis infrastruqtura da maTi gamoyene-
ba saqarTvelos agrarul seqtorSi��
77
seminarebi, Sexvedrebi, konferenciebi
2004 wlis 21 dekembers biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia `elka-
nam" Caatara prezentacia GEF/UNDP-is proeqtisa - saqarTvelos
agrobiomravalferovnebis aRdgena, konservacia da mdgradi ga-
moyeneba.
prezentacia da degustacia Catarda sastumro `Seraton-metexi-pala-
sis~ kalas darbazSi. damswreebma moismines informacia Zveli
qarTuli adgilobrivi jiSebis aRdgenis sferoSi arsebuli probleme-
bisa da proeqtis farglebSi `elkanas~ mier ganxorcielebuli saqmi-
anobis Taobaze. amasTan monawileebma daigemovnes qarTuli tradi-
ciuli kerZebi, romlebic damzadebuli iyo xorblis, fetvis, Romis,
cercvisa da bardis adgilobrivi jiSebisagan.
organuli meTodebis gamoyenebiT `elkanas" wevr-fermerebis mier
kultivirebuli produqtebisgan, tradiciul receptebze dayrdnobiT,
kerZebi daamzades sastumro `Seraton-metexi-palasis~ mzareulebma.
degustaciaze aseve warmodgenili iyo qarTuli organuli Rvino da
wvenebi.
prezentacia proeqtisa - `saqarTvelos
agrobiomravalferovnebis
aRdgena, konservacia da
mdgradi gamoyeneba~
2005 wlis 28 ianvars biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia `elka-
nas~ ofisSi Catarda soflis meurneobisa da sasoflo
ganviTarebis dargSi momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa kon-
ferencia - `sursaTisa da gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis mokle da
saSualovadiani moTxovnebi da arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa
roli maTi ganviTarebis xelSewyobaSi~.
konferencias daeswro sxvadasxva organizaciis 34 warmomad-
geneli, maT Soris fermerebi, biznesis warmomadgenlebi da
donorebi. monawileebma imsjeles im ZiriTad problemebze,
romelTac awydebian sasoflo Temebi TavianT saqmianobaSi.
soflis problemebze saubrisas, gansakuTrebuli msjelobis sagani
gaxda adgilobrivi regionuli organizaciebis roli. monawileebis
azriT, adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi arsebobs, maTi
muSaobis Sedegad calkeuli pozitiuri Zvrebic SesamCnevia, magram
ar aris erTiani midgoma da koordinacia dargSi momuSave orga-
nizaciebsa da donorebs Soris. rogori programebi unda ganxor-
cieldes soflad? rogor davaaxlooT sofeli qalaqs da rogor
mivaRwioT soflad mdgrad ganviTarebas? am da mraval sxva prob-
lemaze pasuxis gacemas mieZRvna aRniSnuli konferenciaze
SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebi da deklaracia.
soflis meurneobisa da sasoflo
ganviTarebis dargSi momuSave
arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa
konferencia
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2005 wlis 15 aprils sofel
gulsundaSi (aspinZis raioni), `elka-
nas~ wevris aleqsandre xozrevaniZis
meurneobaSi Catarda fermeris dRe.
RonisZiebas daeswro 35 kaci, maT
Soris `elkanas~ wevri biomeurneebi
da ofisis TanamSromlebi, gamgeo-
bis wevrebi da mowveuli stumrebi.
damswreebma daaTvalieres aleqsandre
xozrevaniZis meurneoba da yvelis
sawarmo. batonma aleqsandrem dawvri-
lebiT isaubra sawarmos Seqmnis ide-
asa da im daxmarebaze, rac man mii-
Ro `elkanasa~ da `ziaris~ teqnikuri
daxmarebis programis meSveobiT.
Sekreba saqmianad da sainteresod
warimarTa - yvelis sawarmom damsw-
reebis didi interesi gamoiwvia da
mravali kiTxvac daisva, rasac ba-
toni aleqsandre dawvrilebiT pa-
suxobda. gansakuTrebiT unda aRi-
niSnos wevri meurneebis aqtiuroba -
aSkarad gamoCnda, rom isini ara
mxolod informaciis misaRebad
movidnen, aramed miRebuli gamocdi-
lebis praqtikul gamoyenebasac geg-
maven.
saubris dasrulebis Semdeg gaimar-
Ta aWaruli kerZebisa da baton ale-
qsandre xozrevaniZis produqciis de-
gustacia, ramac damswreTa didi mo-
woneba daimsaxura.
fermeris dRe dasrulda axalcixeSi
samcxe-javaxeTis fermerTa asocia-
ciis `farezis~ ofisisa da nakve-
Tebis daTvalierebiT.
f e r m e r i s d R e
s o f e l g u l s u n d a S i
seminarebi, Sexvedrebi, konferenciebi
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2005 wlis 12-15 maiss zugdidis raionis sofel ingirSi da ozurgeTis
raionis soflebSi - qveda da zeda baxvSi Catarda fermeris dRe. Tavda-
pirvelad, 12 maiss, `elkanas~ wevri biomeurneebi da ofisis TanamSromlebi
ewvivnen sofel ingirs da daaTvalieres revaz cxadaiasa da ruben Selias
meurneobebSi damontaJebuli biogazis danadgarebi. revaz cxadaiam damsw-
reebs gaacno danadgaris teqnikuri maCveneblebi da muSaobis principi. man
aRniSna, rom 6 m3 moculobis danadgaris meSveobiT mis ojaxs dReSi 7
sT-is ganmavlobaSi uwyvetad miewodeba bunebrivi airi. aseTi tipis bioga-
zis danadgari zugdidis raionSi sul 10 meurnesTan aris damontaJebuli.
meore dRes fermeris dRe ozurgeTSi, sofel qveda baxvSi mcxovrebi
daTo TeneiSvilis meurneobaSi gagrZelda. daTos meurneobas - Tevzis
tbors, kivis sanerges, wylis wisqvils, damTvaliereblebis umravlesoba kar-
gad icnobs, magram meurneobaSi siaxlec daxvdaT - `elkanas~ xelSewyobiT
daTo TeneiSvilma aamuSava Cais gadasamuSavebeli mcire sawarmo da fer-
meris dRis monawileebis Tvalwin daiwyo produqciis pirveli partiis
gadamuSaveba...
fermeris dRis monawileebi kidev erT saintereso meurneobs ewvivnen -
goCa saluqvaZis meurneobaSi maT naxes mcire hesi, wylis wisqvili, Txilis
plantacia, romelmac didi STabeWdileba moaxdina damswreebze. didi intere-
si gamoiwvia vazis eqsperimentuli nakveTis daTvalierebam, sadac bio-
preparati `narcis-b~ icdeba.
ase damTavrda fermeris dRe zugdidsa da ozurgeTSi, siaxleebiTa da
STabeWdilebebiT datvirTuli kidev ori dRe...
f e r m e r i s d R e
z u g d i d s a d a o z u r g e T S i
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99
?ras fiqroben
bioproduqciis
momxmareblebi
xorblisa da simindis gaumjobesebis saerTaSoriso centris (CIMMYT)
konsultanti
interviuebi Caiwera da moamzada
Teona kakabaZem
Zalian dainteresebuli var, rom natu-
raluri da ekologiurad sufTa produqcia
Tbilisis maRaziebSi gamoCndes. ramdenime
weliwadi ucxoeTSi gavatare da iq xSirad
vyidulobdi `organuli~ produqciis niSnis
mqone bostneulsa da xils. TbilisSi
dabrunebis Semdeg amis saSualeba aRar
maqvs, radgan aq aseTi produqcia iSviaTobas
warmoadgens. samwuxarod, CemTvis cnobilia
SemTxvevebi, roca bazrebSi iafad iyideba
maRaltoqsikuri, mravali wlis winaT
akrZaluli mcenareTa dacvis saSualebebi.
bevri fermeri usaxsrobisa an ucodinarobis
gamo iyenebs am saSualebebs. saqarTveloSi
`organuli~ produqciis bazari rom arsebob-
des, bevri uars ityoda qimiuri saSualebebis
gamoyenebaze da naturalur produqcias miawv-
dida Tbiliselebs. es glexebisaTvis ufro
momgebiani iqneboda.
Cemi azriT, `elkana~ Zalian did saqmes
akeTebs imiT, rom ganaviTarebs `organuli~
produqciis bazars saqarTveloSi. es bevr
sirTulesTan aris dakavSirebuli da garkveul
dros saWiroebs. magram warmateba gardau-
valia. saqarTvelo Tavisi bunebrivi
pirobebiTa da mSromeli xalxiT saukeTeso
adgilia s/m ganviTarebisaTvis. Cemi rCeva
aseTia: organuli produqcia yovelTvis aso-
cirebulia sisufTavesTan. me vamjobinebdi,
rom ekobazroba quCidan sadme SenobaSi
gadagetanaT, sadac sisufTave iqneboda da
sursaTi gamonabolqviT ar dabinZurdeboda.
Sesabamis SefuTvaze da savaWro niSanzec
unda izrunoT. celofani araa sasurveli,
radgan didxans ar iSleba da garemos
abinZurebs. savaWro niSani aucilebelia, miT
umetes - sanam sertificirebis sistema dain-
ergeba.
me var is adamiani, romelic isurvebda, rom mxolod bioproduqcia eyida da moexmara, radgan mimaCnia, rom es
janmrTelobis garantia da samwuxaroa, rom CvenTan ar aris iseTi dafaseba am produqciis, rogoric dasavleTSia,
imitom, rom Cven ganebivrebulni varT SedarebiT ukeTesi produqciiT da amitom ar fasdeba ise, rogorc unda
ekuTvnodes.
Tqvens bazrobebs rac Seexeba, SeZlebisdagvarad, Tu TbilisSi var, aucileblad movdivar da vyidulob yvelafers,
rac momwons, bazrobis gareSec maqvs TqvenTan piradi urTierToba: Tqveni wvenebis damamzadebelTan, Taflis
damamzadebelTan, yvelis damamzadebelTan da piradad maTgan, bazrobis gareSec vyidulob Tqvens produqcias. vi-
survebdi, rom bazrobebi ufro Zlieri iyos, ufro xSiri iyos, ukeTes adgilas iyos organizebuli da erTi da igive
adgili hqondes, romelsac daerqmeva am bazrobis saxeli. me, magaliTad, idealur SemTxvevaSi yovel SabaT-kviras
visurvebdi, rom aseTi bazroba TbilisSi iyos da mowodeba iyos gaumjobesebuli, ukeTesi iyos, davuSvaT,
momarageba am produqciiT, ukeTesi piari gakeTdes.. Cemi azriT, kargi iqneboda aseve bioproduqciis restorani.
Tundac maRazia mainc iyos, magram me vfiqrob, rom Zalian didi xibli aqvs bazrobas imitom, rom bazars Tavisi
sxva komponentebi axlavs, romelic, vTqvaT, maRazias ara aqvs, glexis Camotanili da TviTon glexis mierve gayidul
produqcias aqvs Zalian saintereso kulturuli da sxva datvirTvac.
daTo bedoSvili
didi britaneTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis departamentissaqarTvelos warmomadgenlobis xelmZRvaneli
lali mesxi
gamoxmaureba
gamoxmaureba
1010bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeee 1111 ((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555
me ukve didi xania vyidulob am produqcias da ara marto bazrobebze. sanam
bazrobebs daiwyebdiT, me ukve mqonda kontaqti Tqvens organizaciasTan, vic-
nob piradad ramdenime biomeurnesac da, ase vTqvaT, myavs Cemi sakuTari mom-
wodebeli, romelsac velodebi kidec; vici, rom Zalian kargi xarisxis produqti
aqvs. rac Seexeba bioproduqcias, me, magaliTad, vyidulob TeneiSvilisgan,
romelic aris guriidan da mas saukeTeso simindis fqvili aqvs - wyalze
dafqvili, sasuqis gareSe moyvanili. Caisac da Taflsac viZen.
swori kveba da jansaRi sakvebi Zalze mniSvnelovania nebismieri adamian-
is, maT Soris, bavSvis ganviTarebisaTvis. XX saukuneSi sxvadasxva faqtore-
bis zegavleniT garemo da sakvebi produqtebi, Sxam-qimikatebis gamoyebis
gareSec, dabinZurebulia da Zalze mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia saqarTveloSi iseTi
meurneobebis arseboba, sadac maqsimalurad SezRudulia adamianis
janmrTelobisaTvis mavne nivTierebebis gamoyeneba. meore mxare, rac, Cemi
azriT, Zalze mniSvnelovania, es aris arCevnis ufleba - Tu adamians surs,
jansaRi sakvebi SeiZinos da mzad aris, metic gadaixados, mas unda hqondes
amis SesaZlebloba, mraval qveyanaSi aris aseTi maRaziebi, mosaxleobac
informirebulia, Tu ratom Rirs aseTi produqcia Zviri. me TviTon, rodesac
ucxoeTSi miwevs yofna, yovelTvis Sevdivar aseT maRaziebSi da guli mwyde-
ba, rom CvenTan amis SesaZlebloba ar aris.
rogorc eqimi, vTvli, rom sakvebi, romelsac adamiani yoveldRiurad da
mTeli cxovrebis manZilze moixmars, aucileblad jansaRi da xarisxiani unda
iyos, xolo rogorc deda, yovelTvis vcdilob, SeviZino ekoproduqcia.
samwuxarod, amis saSualeba xSirad ara maqvs - `elkanas~ bazroba iSviaTad
tardeba da ramdeni produqti unda SeiZino, rom Semdeg bazrobamde geyos?!.
unda arsebobdes qalaqSi bioproduqtebis bazroba Tu maRazia, raRac unda arse-
bobdes iseTi, sadac yovelTvis SegiZlia misvla da ekoproduqtebis SeZena.
albaT, arcTu advilia amis mogvareba, magram me vici, rom Tqveni organi-
zacia bevrs da aqtiurad muSaobs da imedi maqvs, warmatebasac miaRwevT. xolo
Cemi sityva Tu am saqmes sasikeTod Seeweva, Tqvens gverdiT miguleT.
CemTvis cota Znelia, rom bioproduqciis
terminologiiT avxsna es yvelaferi. me vici `elkanas~
moRvaweoba da TiTqmis ucvleli monawile var im
bazrobebisa, romlebic TbilisSi imarTeba, me ara var
biologi profesiiT, me var Cveulebrivi momxmarebeli
da, marTali giTxraT, me mxedvelobaSi maqvs ara marto
produqciis xarisxi, romelic namdvilad gamoirCeva
bazris produqciisgan, aramed aq aris laparaki im sia-
mayeze, romelic geufleba, rom Turme, jer kidev uxso-
vari droidan CvenTan yofila Zalian maRali kultura
soflis meurneobisa, soflis meurneobis ganviTarebisa.
magaliTad, me yovelTvis mainteresebda, rom Tu lobio
Semosulia, Tu simindi Semosulia da aseve vTqvaT indau-
ri, badrijani, ras miirTmevdnen qarTvelebi? es CemTvis
iyo gamocana, romelsac ver vcemdi pasuxs, ai, `elkanas~
saSualebiT me pasuxi miviRe. Turme sakmaod mdidari
mravalferovneba yofila da ubralod saWiroa cota ufro
meti yuradRebis miqceva, meti ganviTareba am kuTxiT.
me Zalian momwons Tqveni bazroba, Zalian momwons
pirvel rigSi imitom, rom es xdeba daugegmavad, moulod-
nelad (Tumca xalxi uceb igebs - Tbilisi pataraa da
Worebis gavrceleba Zalian swrafad xdeba). Zalian sain-
teresoa `elkanas~ bazrobaze daswreba da me ar megule-
ba adamiani, romelic imedgacruebuli brundeba iqidan - me
mxedvelobaSi maqvs ara marto produqciis xarisxi, aramed
fasic da aseve is damokidebulebac, romlebsac avlenen
rogorc monawileebi, aseve organizatorebic.. Zalian did
madlobas gamovxatavdi, rogorc Cveulebrivi momxmarebe-
li, da - Zalian did survils Tanadgomisa am organizaci-
is mimarT.
eqimi-pediatri, saqarTvelos janmrTelobis dacvis saministros dedaTa da bavSvTa sammarTvelos ufrosi
Tamuna manjaviZe
qarTul-afxazur urTierTobaTa institutis xelmZRvaneli
zura Sengelia
1111
gamoxmaureba
bioproduqciis SeZena `elkanas~ gamofena-
bazrobebeze Zalze mosaxerxebelia, gansakuT-
rebiT sadResaswaulo dReebSi, vinaidan mcire
da kompaqtur bazrobaze faqtiurad produqciis
mTliani speqtria warmodgenili da advilad mis-
awvdomia momxmareblisTvis. garda amisa, me
vici da mjera, rom es produqcia namdvilad
ekologiurad sufTaa. saSiSroeba, rom produq-
cia SeiZleba dabinZurebuli iyos, sxvadasxva
sasuqebis gamoyenebiT, Tqvens bazrobebze
moxsnilia. saerTod, kargi iqneba, ufro xSirad
Catardes aseTi RonisZiebebi, da kidev
ukeTesi iqneba, Tu specializebul maRazias
gaxsniT. aseT produqcias farTo reklamireba
sWirdeba; me, magaliTad, Cemi megobrisagan
vici ekoproduqciis Sesaxeb, xolo reklamis
Sedegad rac meti xalxi gaigebs amas, miT
ukeTesi iqneba yvelasaTvis - momxmareb-
lisTvisac da glexisTvisac.
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis agrobiomravalferovnebis
samecniero sabWos Tavjdomare
avTandil koraxaSvili
g. eliavas saxelobis mikrobiologiisa da virusologi-
is s/k institutis ufrosi mecnieri TanamSromeli
mzia quTaTelaZe
bioproduqcia XXI saukunis dasawyisSi ara
marto moduria da prestiJuli, aramed sul ufro da
ufro meti momxmarebeli uCndeba. amasTan dakav-
SirebiT saqarTveloc ar aris CamorCenili. daax-
loebiT 3 wlis win SemuSavda bioproduqciis Se-
saxeb saqarTvelos kanoni, romelic parlamentSi
Zalian maRal Tarozea Semodebuli. maSin rodesac
evropis mraval qveyanaSi, magaliTad slovakeTis
respublikaSi, me wels Cemi TvaliT vnaxe, ra didi
moTxovnileba da fasebi aqvs bioproduqcias.
slovakeTi, romelic SedarebiT Raribi qveyanaa,
moZebnes es saSualeba, rom evrokavSiris qvey-
nebSi bioproduqciis eqsporti gaakeTon da is
daaxloebiT 2,5-3-jer Zviri Rirs, vidre Cve-
ulebrivi produqcia. me amxela preludia imitom
gavakeTe, rom saqarTvelos am mxriv Zalian didi
SesaZleblobebi aqvs. marto is rad Rirs, rom sa-
qarTvelos saTib-saZovrebze yovelTvis cota
mineraluri sasuqebi Sedioda, rac imas niSnavs,
rom saqarTveloSi ar aris saWiro, rom movi-
cadoT 10 weli imisaTvis, rom mineraluri sasuqe-
bis uaryofiTi efeqti Cairecxos, anu gruntis
wylebi gamovides da Semdeg gadavideT biopro-
duqciis warmoebaze. amitom saqarTvelom Tavis
sityva unda Tqvas am globalur masStabSi da pir-
vel rigSi, ra Tqma unda, evropis masStabiT. am
mimarTulebiT aucilebelia swored kanonis arse-
boba.
rac Seexeba Tqvens bazrobebs, albaT es `elka-
nas~ brali ar aris, rom masStabebi SezRudulia.
am saqmes ufro meti dafinanseba sWirdeba, unda
Camoyalibdes institucionaluri sistemebi, rom-
lebic Tavs mouyris, awarmoebs saqarTvelosTvis
maRali gemovnebiTi Tvisebebis mqone produq-
cias da gaxdis eqsportis sagnad. saqarTveloSi
pirveli mercxlebi am mimarTulebiT Tqven xarT.
kanoni, romelic me vaxsene, Cveni damuSavebulia
TqvenTan erTad da sawyenia, rom sami welia
devs. mas sWirdeba maqsimalurad gavrceleba,
magram mondomebis garda, amas finansebic
sWirdeba.
Cveni Jurnalis stumrebi
1212bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeee 1111 ((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555
cxeni aqac Seucvlelia
es werili, romlis frang-
mentebsac `biomeurnis~ am
nomerSi gTvazobT daibeWda
rusul JurnalSi - `konevodstvo
i konni sport~ (`mecxeneoba
da sacxenosno sporti~, 1989,
#1; saTauriT - `mTis
maSvralni~). Semdeg, Tumca
umZimesi dro idga, misi
Semoklebuli varianti gamo-
qveynda gazeT `soflis
cxovrebaSi~ (1990, 13.I).
`biomeurnisaTvis~ es Tema
`elkanas~ samrCevlo samsax-
uris bolo gegmebis gacnobam
gagvaxsena. aqamde, ramdenadac
vici, mcire gamonaklisis
garda, biomeurneebis garja
soflis meurneobis ZiriTad
dargs - kulturul memcenare-
obas ukavSirdeboda. arada,
Cveni qveynis uZvelesi tradi-
ciebi mecxoveleobis sferoSi,
aborigenuli jiSebi, origi-
naluri produqcia Tavis mzrun-
vels elis. am mxriv ki arc
mecxeneobaa misaviwyebeli
dargi. Tavisufali meurnis
moTxovnilebani, klimatur-
geografiuli pirobebi, saerTo
sameurneo garemo,
mxareTmcodneobiTi turizmis
momavali kvlavac Seucvlel adg-
ils unarCunebs am cxovels.
nodarebraliZe
ar maxsovs, rom saqarTvelos, kerZod, mecxvareobis klasikuri regionis -
aRmosavleT kavkasionis mTebSi mogzaurobis Semdeg vinmes Tavisi
STabeWdilebani gaeziarebinois da qeba-dideba ar eTqvas am mTebis faunis
erTi uZvelesi warmomadgenlis - TuSuri cxenis mimarT. `cxeni ki ara, alpin-
istia, mTaSi navali iyoT ki ara, Tundac saxlidan fexi ar gqondeT gadg-
muli, anda simaRlisac geSinodeT, Tu cxens mogcemT vinme, SegiZliaT
miendoT da umSvenieresi xeobebi, ulamazesi soflebi SemoiaroT ramdenime
dReSi...~. magram arc tuCis abzuebaa ucxo misi misamarTiT: `TuSuri cxe-
nio... esec cxenia viTom! ra SeuZlia aseT cxens...~ amas ki namdvilad ver
gaigonebT mTidan Camosulisagan, ufro ipodromis tribunebsa da Tavlebs
gaSinaurebul, klasikuri sacxenosno sportis mayureblebs Soris Tu mohkravT
yurs, imaT Soris, visac kontaqti arc hqonia mTis cxenTan, da zerele,
TvalisTvis erTob wamgebiani SedarebiT msjelobs.
1987 wels saqarTvelos mTebSi
adre movida Tovli. rodesac man-
qaniT maRalmTiani saZovrebis cen-
tris - omalos gzas davadeqiT, sto-
ris xeobis SesasvlelSive mTeli are-
mare gaWediliyo mTebidan saCqarod
ayrili da didTovlobas gamoqceuli
cxvris farebiT. cxvris zRvaSi
kunZulebiviT Candnen mZime sapal-
neakidebuli bargis cxenebi, rom-
lebic mSvidad mohyvebodnen Ta-
vianTi farebis mdinares. storis
xeoba, romelsac zRvis donidan 2950
metrze mdebare abanos uReltexi-
lisaken mimavali gza gasdevs, Zalze
viwroa, cicabo da kldovania. TiT-
qmis 40 km. manZilze aq ver naxavT
adgils, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneba,
araTu cxvris fara, aramed bargis
cxenebi mainc rom moaZovo.
- `mTaSi muxlamde Tovlia, eseni
rom ar gvyolodnen, Zalian gagviWir-
deboda gadmosvla. 5 dRea gzas ukva-
laven faras. sapalne arc mogvixdia.
TovlqveS eZebdnen balaxs~. - es
gviTxra qvemo alvanis mecxvareobis
sabWoTa meurneobis erT-erTma bri-
grigadirma merab aSaZem. bargakidebu-
li cxenebi nayarze afofxebuliyvnen
da sul patara mwvane kunZulze bal-
axs Zovdnen, ise gulianad Seeqceod-
nen, gaunZrevlad, TiTqos win nar-
Cevi Svria eyaraT, gzis piras kvici
iwva, davxede; mxari gaglejili hqon-
da. - `eg zeviT mouvida, uReltexili
rom gadmoviareT, deda dawinaurda,
dauxvixvina. eg gamoucdelia jer.
kldeebze Cairbina, dagorda da ale-
sil fiqlebs Seaxia mxari; mainc iara
da, aha, samSvidobosaa~.
imave saRamos ki qvemo alvanis
mecxvareobis sabWoTa meurneobis
mecxeneobis sajiSe fermis gamge
jimSer gogoTiZem soflis saZovar-
ze saTiTaod maCvena Tavisi jogis
46 faSati da maTi naSieri. am fer-
mam didi muSaoba gaswia, rom 50-ian
wlebSi cxenis mimarT skeptikuri
damokidebulebis gamo Semcirebul su-
ladobaSi kvlav SeerCiaT TuSuri cxe-
nis tipuri warmomadgenlebi da per-
speqtiuli jogisaTvis moeyaraT
Tavi, raTa es modgma gadaSene-
bisagan exsnaT.
1313
Cveni Jurnalis stumrebi
zamTris saZovrebamde alvanidan erTi kviris savalia. oRond sanam
iqiT daiZrebodnen, erT-or kviras cxvari da mecxvareebi Tavis
soflebSi atareben. venaxebi ukve dakrefilia. esaa bednieri dro
cxovelebisa da mwyemsebisaTvis, maTi ojaxebisaTvis, najafari
cxenebi erT-or dReSi modian janze, mTis treningis keTilsmyofeli
gavlena ki xom sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, da stiqiurad imarTeba
doRebi, Sejibrebani, miT umetes, rom swored am periods emTxveva
qarTuli saxalxo dReoba `alaverdoba~ (XI s. alaverdis didebuli
taZari iqvea, alazangaRma).
magram es mainc lxini da garTobaa. soflis mSromelebisaTvis
esec aucilebelia.
saqarTveloSi mecxeneobis, sacxenosno xelovnebis siZveles mow-
mobs arqeologiuri Zeglebi, antikuri wyaroebi. isini met-naklebad
cnobilia specialistebisaTvis da maTi monacemebi asaxulia kidec
saTanado literaturaSi, amitom sityvas aRar gavagrZeleb. magram, Cemi
azriT, mkiTxvelisaTvis saintereso iqneba Sua saukuneebis rusul
wyaroebSi mocemuli cnobebi: e. odoncovis sagulisxmo naSromSi
`rusul enaSi ipologiuri leqsikis istoriidan~ (rusul enaze) qarTuli
cxeni moxseniebulia mxolod `argamakis~ saxeliT; xolo es sityva
rusul enaSi aRniSnavda aRmosavluri warmoSobis maRal, sabrZolo
bedaurs. CvenTvis saintereso argamakze cota gviandel erT diplo-
matiur sabuTSic aris saubari. esaa `Tavadi miSeckisa da diaki
kliuCarevis elCoba 1640-1643 wlebSi~ (tfilisi, 1928). Tavadi
miSecki saqarTveloSi mefe mixeil Tevdores Zem gamogzavna. garda
wminda saxelmwifoebrivi miznebisa, ruseTis mefis elCs aseTi
sagangebo davalebac hqonia: `mefem icis, rom saqarTveloSi yvelaze
kargi cxenebi (`argamakebi~) hyavTo; amitomac SearCieT saukeTeso
ulayi cxeni, axalgazrda, damdgari, lamazi, saRi, da didi
mzrunvelobiTa da sifrTxiliT moskovSi CamoiyvaneTo~.
es mcire istoriuli eqskursi SeiZleba arc iyos Cveni werilis
TemasTan dakavSirebuli, magram mainc saWirod miviCnieT, raTa
gveCvenebina, rom momTabare mecxvareobis Sefarebuli TuSuri cxeni,
iseve rogorc misi dasavlur-qarTuli TanamoZme - momTabare mecx-
oveleobis megobari megruli cxeni Zveli jiSobrivi jgufis
ganStoebaa da amdenad maTi genetikuri Rirseba SeiZleba ufro
mniSvnelovani iyos, vidre erTi
SexedviT mTis sasapalne baCa cxens
SeiZleba hqondes...
magram es yvelaferi istoria da
warsulia. davubrundeT dRevandelobas.
marTalia, axla omalos (TuSeTis cen-
trs) barTan samanqano gza akav-
Sirebs, xolo TviT omalodan xeobeb-
Sic Sedis Sida gzebi, magram
maRalmTianobis gamo es gzebi didx-
ans Caketilia.
cxeni mTaSi, miT umetes mecxva-
reebisaTvis, axlac Seucvlelia. verc
vetmfreni da verc avtomobili mis
yoveldRiur jafas ver Seasrulebs.
Tanac swored adgilobrivi cxeni
ivargebs yvelaze kargad. maRal
mTebSi, marTalia, manqanebisaTvis
jojoxeTuri, magram mainc gzebis
gayvanam axali ampluac SeiZleba
gauCinos aqaur cxens; es gaxlavT
saWapno transportSi misi gamo-
yeneba.
magram marto gafarToebuli sa-
meurneo saqmianobac araa bolo zRva-
ri. aqac specialists davuTmoT sity-
va: prof. i. barmincevi wers (Jurn.
`konevodstvo i konni sport~, #5,
1987), rom bavSvTa sacxenosno
sportSi ZviradRirebuli bedaurebis
nacvlad ajobebso adgilobrivi tan-
morCili cxenebis gamoyeneba. igi
sxva jiSebis gverdiT asaxelebs meg-
rul da TuSur cxenebsac.
mxolod uerTgules suliers SeuZlia
andos dedam Svili TuSeTSi, nayaviCos
uReltexilis bilikebze.
fotoebi oTar cqvitiniZisa, 1972 weli
am mxriv Cvens cxenebs namdvilad
sWirdebaT megobruli xelis miSve-
leba. sacxenosno bazebSi maT ver
SevxvdebiT. mizezi bevria: Zveli
inercia, Tavlebis nakleboba, soflad,
zogierTi raionis gamoklebiT, sac-
xenosno sportis masobriobis daqve-
iTeba. arada tanmorCil TuSur da meg-
rul cxenebs marto sabavSvo sports
rodi SeuZliaT gauwion samsaxuri.
sacxenosno turizmisaTvis isini
saukeTesoni arian, arc raiterTe-
rapiis moTxovnebia dasaviwyebeli...
`biomeurnis~ redaqciis gulisxmie-
rebis mimarT umadurobad miviCnevdi,
rom mxolod 16 wlis winandeli wer-
ilis xelaxla gamoqveynebiT momexa-
da cxenis gulSematkivris vali.
bedad, roca es nomeri mzaddeboda,
maSin mouwia gamorCeuli qarTuli
soflis - martyofis didma dReobam
- aparnobam (ixdian aRdgomis meore
kviradRes). am dReobaze, romelic
Widaobis asparezobiTaa cnobili,
bolo wlebSi doRic tardeba. avd-
rebis miuxedavad, 12 monawile dadga
startze, manamde ki guli ijeres bi-
Webma aRma-daRma WenebiT (ras izam,
axaluxlebma, sofladac ki, aRar ician
cxenis yadri). yvelani e.w. mTis
cxenebis jiSobrivi jgufis saxeobas
ganekuTvnebodnen. maTSic gamoirCe-
odnen Zvalmsxvili, dinji, `matarebe-
li~ TeTroni iabo, mcire aziasa da
Cveni Jurnalis stumrebi
1414bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeee 1111 ((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555
kavkasiaSi Zvel saferxe saxeobad aRiarebuli Calisferi (zeirndagi)
bedaurebis aSkara STamomavali axalgazrda faSati, romlis proporciul
aRnagobas da baraqian moZraobas wvrilZvlianoba Crdilavda (mozardobisas
nawvnevi SimSilis kvali); xolo roSkelma uCa wiklaurma asparezobas mTis
doRebSi nacadi lurja da qurana ori Zuagamonaskvuli bedauri gauria da
doRs namdvili Jini da xalxuroba Semata.
uCa axalgazrda meurnea. roSkaSi (piraqeTa xevsureTis sofelia,
gudamayris, xevis da arxotis xeobis gzajvaredinze) 25-mde Zroxa hyolia,
cxadia, adgilobrivi jiSis. martyofis midamoebSi mis axloblebs
gamouzamTrebiaT saqoneli da maT uTxoviaT, doRSi gamosuliyo. asea,
meurne xalxi TviTonve poulobs gzebs mesaqonleobisa da mecxvareobis
SesanarCuneblad, sazamTro saZovrebis Cvenive qveynis farglebSi
moZiebiT da Zveleburadve mTa-bars Soris sameurneo, urTierTxelsayreli
urTierTobis gaxsenebiT...
cxeni ki aqac Seucvlelia...
mkiTxvelebs Sevaxseneb, rom cxeni gamorCeuli pirutyvia Tavisi ekologiuri, garemosdacviTi
mniSvnelobiTac. oriode sagulisxmo cnobas mogawvdiT: qarTul yofaSi siRaribis
dauZinebeli mtris saxed qceuli cxvari balaxeulis 600-mde saxeobidan 570-s Wams, cxeni bevrad
cotas, Tumca Zroxaze mets - 82-s, magram mecxvareoba, miT umetes CvenSi, ucxenod warmoud-
genelia! Tanac misi Zovebis xasiaTi mkveTrad gansxvavebulia da bunebis sasikeTodaa
mimarTuli! `mcoxnavTagan gansxvavebiT cxens sakbeCi kbulebi marto qveda ybaze ki ara aqvs,
aramed zedazedac. es exmareba mas balaxis bRujebi fesvebianad ki ar amoZiZgnos, aramed
amorCeviT mohkriWos niadags garkveul simaRleze. sakvebi resursebis aTvisebis es tipi yve-
laze xelsayrelia fitocenozisaTvis. cxeni mxolod qorfa ylortebs hparsavs da mcenares
axali vegetaciis stimuls aniWebs da am dros uvnebelia mcenaris fesvebi, ar ziandeba kordi
da, saerTod, niadagis fena~ (v. klimovi, `pJevalskis cxeni~, m., 1990)... esec xom beWeds
usvams mis Seucvlelobas
1515
Cveni Jurnalis stumrebi
muxis kasrSi
Rvinis davargeba
ggggiiiioooorrrrggggiiii bbbbaaaarrrriiiissssaaaaSSSSvvvviiiilllliiiikonsultanti mevenaxeoba-
meRvineobis dargSi
muxis kasrSi Senaxul Rvinos
gansakuTrebuli gemo da xarisxobrivi
Tvisebebi aqvs. muxis kasri mxolod
WurWeli ar aris, igi Rvinis davargebaSic
monawileobs, aumjobesebs gemos da
aZlevs met simtkices. amitom muxis
kasrs marTebulad uwodeben teqnologiur
WurWels. adre, zogierT qveyanaSi, muxis
masalis naklebobis gamo, kasrs wablis,
wiflis, TuTis, akaciis, naZvisa da sxv.
jiSis xis masalisganac amzadebdnen,
magram aseTi kasri xarisxiT muxisas
bevrad Camouvardeba.
muxis kasris Sefasebis erT-erTi
ZiriTadi kriteriumia - muxis geografi-
uli adgilmdebareoba. kasrisaTvis muxa
unda SeirCes foriani struqturis,
agreTve, polifenolebisa da aromatuli
nivTierebebis Semcvelobis mixedviT. am
maCveneblebze ki gavlenas axdens muxis
geografiuli adgilmdebareoba, niadagis
tipi, klimati, tyis sixSire da sxv.
upiratesoba eniWeba mSral, mTagorian
adgilas moWril muxas. igi mkvrivi da
wvrilforovania. dablob adgilas gazr-
dili muxis xis merqani ki didforovani
da naklebad mtkicea, Zlier Jonvadia da
bevrsac iSrobs.
kasris dasamzadeblad gankuTvnil
muxis masalas Ria cis qveS daaxloebiT
2 weli aCereben: igi Sreba, kargavs
arasasiamovno mware gemos da iZens
SesaniSnav surnels. SesaZlebelia muxis
masalis fardulSi gaSrobac. Rvinis kas-
ris SeRebva dasaSvebia (saRebavi avsebs
forebs da zRudavs maTSi Jangbadis
moZraobas, rac aucilebeli pirobaa Rvi-
nis davargebisTvis), magram gasaTva-
liswinebelia saRebavis xarisxi (igi ar
unda gaxdes Rvinis qimiuri an sxv. saxis
dabinZurebis wyaro), miT umetes Tu Tqven bioRvinos awarmoebT.
cariel kasrebs mSral adgilas (ara Ria cis qveS) inaxaven. tenian
adgilas kasris Sida zedapirze SesaZloa obi gaCndes, xolo Ria cis
qveS kasri zedmetad gamoSres da daiSalos. cariel kasrSi periodulad
axrColeben gogirds (Tve-TvenaxevarSi erTxel), ris Semdegac kasrs
aucileblad ukeTeben sacobs.
arsebobs kasrebis Senaxvis e.w. `sveli~ meTodic: kasrSi asxamen
wyals da umateben gogirdis anhidrids (100 ml/l) da Rvinis mJavas an
limonmJavas. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom kasrebis gamosarecxad
gamoyenebul wyals unda hqondes sasmeli wylis xarisxi.
maransa da sardafSi RviniT savse kasrebi specialur Zelebze ewyo-
ba. pirdapir miwaze kasris dadgma ar SeiZleba, vinaidan kasri male
fuWdeba da Rvinom SeiZleba raime gareSe toni SeiZinos. dauSvebelia
maransa an sardafSi, sadac RviniT savse kasrebi inaxeba, mkveTri
sunis mqone produqtis an raime sagnebis Tundac mcire droiT Senaxva.
kasris gare zedapiri rom ar gamoSres da Rvinom Jonva ar daiwyos,
an, zedmeti tenis gamo, tenma RvinoSi rom ar SeaRwios, aucilebelia
sardafSi an maranSi haeris fardobiTi tenianoba iyos 80 %, haeris
temperatura ki 10-15oC.
Rvinis Sesanaxi xis WurWeli Zneli mosavlelia, Sromatevadia da
moiTxovs zedmiwevniT codnasa da gamocdilebas, ris gamo, bevrma
meRvinem mis gamoyenebaze uari Tqva. Tumca aseT WurWelSi dayenebu-
li da Senaxuli Rvinis gansakuTrebuli xarisxis gamo, xis kasrebis
gamoyenebis praqtika Tanamedrove meRvineobaSi sul ufro farTovdeba.
dabolos, meRvineebo, nu SegeSindebaT siZneleebis, daxarjeT meti
Sroma da Sedegic ar daayovnebs - kargi xarisxis Rvinos saqarTveloSic
da mis farglebs gareTac moeZebneba damfasebeli.
rCevebi biomeurneebs
1616bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeee 1111 ((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555
biologiur meurneobaSi
niadagis nayofierebis
amaRlebasa da mdgradi
SenarCunebisaTvis didi
mniSvneloba eniWeba mwvane
sasuqebs.
mwvane sasuqebi farTod
gamoiyeneba msoflios bevr
qveyanaSi, TiTqmis yvelgan
mwvane sasuqebad iyeneben
Sualedur kulturebs, mxolod
Zlier gamofitul niadagebze
da aseve mecxoveleobis fer-
mebidan Zlier daSorebul
nakveTebze mwvane sasuqebi
mohyavT rogorc ZiriTadi
kultura.
mwvane sasuqebs iyeneben
nakelisa da sxva organuli
sasuqebis ukmarisobis
pirobebSi, niadagis nay-
ofierebis amaRlebisaTvis.
sideratebis gamoyeneba war-
moadgens sasoflo-sameurneo
kulturebis mosavlis
gazrdisa da niadagis yvela
Tvisebis gaumjobesebis karg
saSualebas.
mwvane sasuqebi -
sideratebi
mwvane sasuqebi warmoadgenen kulturebs, isini mohyavT mwvane masisaTvis,
romelic Semdgom niadagSi unda Caixnas. am dros xdeba jer kidev cocxali,
wvniani da nawilobriv gaxevebuli mcenareebisa da maTi jer kidev moqmedi
fesvebis Caxvna niadagSi. Caxvnis momentisaTvis sideratebi mdidaria
SaqrebiT, saxamebliT, vitaminebiT da fermentebiT. es principulad ganasx-
vavebs mwvane sasuqebs sxva organuli sasuqebisagan.
imis garkveva, Tu riTi gansxvavdebian sideratebi sxva sasuqebisagan,
SeiZleba mdogvis magaliTze, romelic daTesilia saSemodgomo xorblis aRebis
Semdeg. Tu mdogvis mwvane masas Semodgomaze CavxnavT, rodesac is jer kidev
mwvanea da ar aris yinvisagan dazianebuli, es mwvane sasuqia, magram Tu imave
mdogvs davtovebT gazafxulamde mindorSi da gazafxulze moyinuls CavxnavT
niadagSi, maSin es ubralod organuli sasuqi iqneba, Tumca saeWvo xarisxisa.
mwvane sasuqebisaTvis xSirad iyeneben parkosnebs, romelTa fesvebze mcx-
ovreb koJris baqteriebs SeuZliaT atmosferuli azotis fiqsacia da niadagis
gamdidreba azotiT. amdidreben ra azotiT niadags, mwvane sasuqebi aumjobe-
seben Semdgomi kulturebis kvebas. mwvane sasuqebi niadagis ganoyierebis efe-
qturobis TvalsazrisiT ar Camouvardebian nakels.
sxvadasxva kulturebi niadagis Tvisebebze sxvadasxvanairad moqmedeben. ase,
magaliTad, parkosnebi, mniSvnelovnad amdidreben niadags organuli nivTi-
erebebiT, xolo niadagis wylisa da haeris reJimebis gaumJobesebaSi wamyvan
rols asruleben marcvlovnebi. mZime niadagebze isini aumjobeseben maTs
struqturas, Slian ra niadags mcire nawilakebad, msubuq niadagebze ki aumjobe-
seben niadagis wylis Sekavebis unars. amitom xSirad mwvane sasuqebs Tesaven
narevebis saxiT.
aseve aucilebelia, gaviTvaliswinoT, rom nebismieri mwvane sasuqis zemo-
qmedeba damokidebulia ara marto SerCeul kulturebze, aramed asakzec, mwvane
masis raodenobaze da aseve im drozec, romelic gadis ZiriTadi kulturis da-
Tesvamde. ai, ratomaa aucilebeli sideraciis garkveuli, kerZod ki Semdegi
wesebis dacva:
- niadagi kargad unda iyos gafxvierebuli Teslis Tanabrad da mcire
siRrmeze CasaTesad.
- ar SeiZleba sideratebad jvarosnebis gamoyeneba, Tu SemdgomSi amave nak-
veTze igegmeba imave ojaxis warmomadgenlis, magaliTad, kombostos moy-
vana
- mwvane sasuqebis Caxvna rekomendebulia mcenareTa yvavilobamde, vidre
maT ar warmoqmnes azotiT Raribi da naxSirwylebiT mdidari uxeSi Rero,
romelic Znelad iSleba.
rrrraaaassss wwwwaaaarrrrmmmmooooaaaaddddggggeeeennnneeeennnn ssssiiiiddddeeeerrrraaaatttteeeebbbbiiii,,,, iiiiggggiiiivvvveeee mmmmwwwwvvvvaaaannnneeee
ssssaaaassssuuuuqqqqeeeebbbbiiii,,,, ddddaaaa rrrrooooggggoooorrrr xxxxddddeeeebbbbaaaa mmmmaaaaTTTTiiii ggggaaaammmmooooyyyyeeeennnneeeebbbbaaaa????
facelia
vvvvaaaannnnoooo lllloooollllaaaaZZZZeeee
biomrCeveli
((
- imisaTvis, rom siderati advilad daiSalos, misi Caxvnis siRrme ar unda aRematebodes mZime niadagebze - 10
sm-s, xolo msubuq niadagebze - 15 sm-s.
- ZiriTadi kultura ar unda daiTesos sideratis Caxvnidan ori - sami kviris gasvlamde.
parkosnebidan sideratebad xSirad Semdeg kulturebs iyeneben: bardas, osps, ZiZos, cercvs, culispiras, esparcets,
samyuras, ionjas da sxv. araparkosani kulturebidan am mxriv sainteresoa wiwibura, mdogvi, Svria, rafsi, Wvavi,
facelia, mzesumzira da sxv.
mcire farTobis mflobelebs SeiZleba SevTavazoT
mwvane sasuqebiT niadagis ganoyierebis Semdegi meTo-
debi:
1. axali, daqucmacebuli (daqucmaceba sasurvelia) mwvane
masis uSualo Setana niadagSi misi Semdgomi CaxvniT.
principSi es meTodi Cveulebrivi organuli sasuqebis
Setanisagan gansxvavdeba mxolod samuSaoebis Sesru-
lebis vadiT.
2. niadagis mulCireba daqucmacebuli mcenareebiT - Zalian
martivi da efeqturi meTodia. mulCirebis win saWiroa
Semdegi samuSaoebis Catareba: niadagis gaToxna,
gafxviereba, naTesis gamargvla. mulCis fena SeiZleba
8-10 sm sisqis iyos, ufro mcire sisqis SemTxvevaSi
mulCi araefeqturia, xolo ufro sqelma fenam SeiZleba
daakninos kulturuli mcenareebi. mwvane mulCis fena
erTdroulad ramdenime funqcias asrulebs: unarCunebs
niadags tenianobas, icavs niadags wylismieri da
qarismieri eroziisagan, zRudavs sarevelebis zrdas,
Tumca mxolod erTwlianebis, xels uSlis niadagis
zedapirze qerqis warmoqmnas, warmoadgens damatebiT
sakvebs kulturuli mcenareebisaTvis organuli masalis
TandaTanobiTi daSlis xarjze, qmnis WiayelebisaTvis
xelsayrel pirobebs.
1717
rCevebi biomeurneebs
cercvela
mwvane sasuqebi daTesvis vadisa da moyvanis pirobebis
mixedviT Semdegi saxis SeiZleba iyos:
1. damoukidebeli (ZiriTadi), Tu nakveTi
TiTqmis mTeli savegetacio periodis
ganmavlobaSi dakavebulia sideraluri
kulturebiT
2. Sualeduri, Tu siderats farTobi ukavia
erTi kulturis mosavlis aRebasa da meore
kulturis daTesvas Soris.
3. saTibi, Tu mwvane sasuqi mohyavT erT adgi-
las, xolo gaTibvis Semdeg sxvagan gadaaqvT
da Caxnaven.
rCevebi biomeurneebs
1818bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeee 1111 ((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555
vazis normaluri ganviTareba, mosavlianobis gazr-da da yurZnis produqciis xarisxobrivi maCveneb-lebis gaumjobeseba mWidrod ukavSirdeba TviTjiSis Taviseburebebs, garemo pirobebs, agroteqnikisCatarebis sizustes da mniSvnelovanwilad imRonisZiebebs, romelTac mevenaxe vazis mavnebel-daavadebaTa winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis mimarTavs
mcenareTa dacvis
biomeTodebis
gamoyeneba
mevenaxeobaSi
iiiiaaaaggggoooo bbbbiiiittttaaaarrrriiiiSSSSvvvviiiilllliiii
biomrCeveli
mcenareTa dacvis strategia Wraqis
winaaRmdeg:
- interspecifikuri, medegi aborigenuli
vazis jiSebis gaSeneba;
- winaswari (profilaqtikuri)
RonisZiebebi;
- foTlebis wamloba, foTlebis Secla
(gafurCna), gverdiTi da mokle ylorte-
bis Secla;
- mcenareTa Sewamvla;
- niadagis zedapirze kompostisa da
mulCis gamoyeneba;
- xSiri wvimebisa da maRali sinotivis,
aseve yvavilobis wina da yvavilobis
Semdgom periodebSi spilenZis Semcveli
preparatebis gazrdili koncentracia;
biomevenaxeobis erT-erTi upirvelesi amocanaa ara
mavnebel daavadebebTan brZola, aramed saRi da
daavadebaTa mimarT gamZle mcenareebis gazrda. Tumca
Tu profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebi Sedegs ar iZleva,
cxadia, brZolis RonisZiebebi unda gamoiyenoT.
Tumca mcenareTa dacva savsebiT SesaZlebelia qimiuri
da toqsikuri preparatebis gareSec. mag., sokovani
daavadebis winaaRmdeg biomeurnes SeuZlia mxolod
Semdegi saxis fungicidebis gamoyeneba: spilenZi,
gogirdi, gogirdis Semcveli Tixa.
saqarTveloSic da, saerTod, notio klimatis
qveynebSi mevenaxeobis umTavresi daavadebaa Wraqi.
amitom, mevenaxeebi mTavar aqcents akeTeben Wraqze..
gansakuTrebiT didi yuradReba eqceva vazis yvav-
ilobamde da yvavilobis Semdeg Sesxurebas.
vazis Wraqis winaaRmdeg gamocdilia spilenZis
sxvadasxva naerTebis moqmedeba, spilenZis eqstremalu-
rad dabali dozebis gamoyenebiT. spilenZis erTi da
igive raodenoba iqna gamoyenebuli sxvadasxva
SemTxvevebSi da aRmoCnda, rom tradiciuli (CuSO4)
ukeTes Sedegs iZleva, vidre modernizebuli formebi.
Wraqis winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis didi mniSvneloba
aqvs misi gamoCenis SesaZleblobis winaswar gansazRv-
ras, vinaidan Wraqis winaaRmdeg brZola profilaqtikuri
xasiaTisaa. wamlobis droulad Catareba am daavadebis
winaaRmdeg brZolis ucilebeli pirobaa. amitomaa, rom
zogni miuxedavad imisa, rom 7-8 jer atareben venaxis
Sesxurebas, saTanado efeqts mainc ver iReben, xolo
zogierTebi ki 4-5 wamlobiTac advilad aRweven
sasurvel Sedegs. Sesxurebis mravalgzis Catarebas ki
ara aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba, mTavaria, rodis
Catardeba Sesxureba.
Wraqis gamoCenis SesaZleblobis gansazRvrisaTvis
Semdegi monacemebiT unda visargebloT: daavadebis ga-
momwvevi sporebi viTardebian mxolod wylis wveTebSi,
romlebic foTlebze Cndeba maRali tenianobis dros
(wvimis, namis an Zlieri nislis dros), sporebi mSral
amindebSi ar viTardebian.
daavadebis ganviTarebis xangrZlivoba damokidebulia
temperaturze, swored am damokidebulebas aRwers miule-
ris sainkubacio mrudi. abscisaze aRniSnulia temperatu-
ra, xolo ordinataze dReebi. cxrilze gavlebuli mrudis
meSveobiT SeiZleba davadginoT sainkubacio periodis
1919
rCevebi biomeurneebs
rac Seexeba nacars, ukve aRvniSneT, rom bio-
mevenaxeobaSi mis winaaRmdeg gamoiyeneba gogirdi,
rogorc Txevad ise fxvier mdgomareobaSi.
saqarTveloSi (gansakuTrebiT bolo periodSi) da
ara marto saqarTveloSi, mavneblebidan ZiriTadi
problemaa yurZnis Wia. yurZnis Wiis winaaRmdeg
efeqturi saSualebaa misi bunebrivi mtris kriptole-
musis gamoyeneba. kriptolemusi mtacebeli xoWoa.
igi Semoyvanes avstraliidan aWaraSi citrusebis
mavneblis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. Semoyvanidan 1
Tvis ganmavlobaSi man praqtikulad gaasufTava
aWaris citrusebis plantaciebi saSiSi mavneblisagan.
erTi xoWo dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi spobs yurZnis
Wiis kvercxebis naxevars. saerTo jamSi, xoWo
Tavisi arsebobis ganmavlobaSi, spobs yurZnis Wiis
4000-4200 kvercxs. kriptolemusis ganviTarebis
cikli 25oC-is dros grZeldeba 30 dRe, xolo 20oC-
is dros 40 dRe. xelsayreli garemos SemTxvevaSi
xoWo iZleva 3 Taobas. kriptolemusis erT-erTi
naklia susti gamZleoba Zlieri yinvisa da gvalvis
mimarT. amitom misi gamoyvana xdeba laboratoriaSi
(baTumSi), saidanac SesaZlebelia adre gazafxulze
maTi SeZena.
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
dReebi
temperatura o C
venaxSi biomeTodebis gamoyenebiT
Tqven SeamcirebT vazis mavnebel-
davadebebisgan miyenebul zarals,
daicavT produqcias da garemos
dabinZurebisagan da momxmarebels
miawodebT ekologiurad sufTa,
maRalxarisxovan Rvinos.
sainkubacio periodis
xangrZlivoba
xangrZlivoba sxvadasxva temperaturaze, Tu, magaliTad, haeris saSualo temperatura udris 18oC-s da tenianobac xel-
sayrelia, sokos ganviTareba 6 dRis ganmavlobaSi dasruldeba.
adre gazafxulidanve yoveldRe unda warmoebdes dakvirveba haeris temperaturaze da Tu haeris saSualo dReRamuri
temperatura 13oC -ze metia da tenianobac maRalia, infeqcia usaTuod ganviTardeba (ix miuleris mrudi).
rCevebi biomeurneebs
2020bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeee 1111 ((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555
brokols qarTulad satacura kombosto (a. mayaSvili) hqvia. sakvebad
gamoiyeneba Tavaki, naz Reroze moTavsebuli yvavilovani kokrebis kona.
8-20sm diametris Tavaki SeiZleba iyos mwvane, mewamuli an TeTri feris.
saadreo jiSebis Tavakebi wvrili da faSaria da erTdroulad xdeba gverdiTi
Tavakebis warmoqmna. sagviano jiSebs msxvili, centraluri Tavaki uviTardeba,
romlis moWris Semdeg swrafad izrdeba gverdiTi ylortebi, romlebic meore
mosavals iZleva.
moyvanis pirobebi:
brokolisTvis optimaluri temperaturaa 16-25oC. SemodgomiT brokoli
_10oC-mde yinvebs uZlebs. haeris optimaluri tenianobaa 85%, xolo niadagisa
_ 70%. brokoli sinaTlis moyvaruli mcenarea, amitom mis mosayvanad irCeven
mzian farTobebs. brokoli naklebmomTxovnia niadgis mimarT, rogorc sxva
kombostosnairebisTvis, misTvisac optimaluria gamkvrivebuli, organuli
nivTierebebiT mdidari niadagi. saukeTesoa neitraluri niadagi, (kordiani
eweri, mdelos, tyis nacrisferi, Cveulebrivi Savmiwa tipis niadagebi), Tumca
brokoli, praqtikulad nebismier niadagze SeiZleba moiyvano, gamonaklisia
qviSiani da Waobiani niadagebi.
brokolisaTvis SerCeul nakveTze SemodgomiT SeaqvT komposti an gadamw-
vari nakeli (5-6kg/m2) da gadabaraven. gazafxulze niadags ar baraven, mxolod
zedapirulad afxviereben focxiT. Tu Tqvens nakveTze izrdeba Svita, mJauna
es niadagis mJavianobis niSania, rac arasasurvelia brokolisaTvis. ganeitrale-
ba aseTi niadagebis SesaZlebelia mokirianebiT an wvrilad dafqvili dolomi-
tis fqvilis gamoyenebiT. Sesatani raodenoba, mJvianobisa da niadagis
siaxlesiaxle Tqvens bostanSi
zogierT adamians `SeCveuli Wiri~ urCevnia da cvlilebebs eWvis
TvaliT uyurebs, Tumca arian `eqsperimentatorebic~, romlebic mzad
arian, nebismier siaxle miiRon da gamoscadon. Tu am ukanasknel jgufs
miekuTvnebiT da aratradiciuli jiSebis moyvana-danergvis interesi
gaqvT, gaecaniT kombostosnairTa saintereso warmomadgenlebs -
brokolsa da kolrabs.
- dro daTesvidan
aRmocenebamde - 7-12 dRe
- Teslis saSualo raodenoba
1 gramSi - 285
- erTi Ziris saSualo
mosavlianoba - 600 gr
- dro daTesvidan mosavlis
aRebamde - 12 kvira (mwvane
jiSebi); 44 kvira (mewamuli
da TeTri jiSebi)
vvvvaaaassssiiiillll aaaaxxxxvvvvlllleeeeddddiiiiaaaannnniiii
biomrCeveli
b r o k o l ib r o k o l i
2121
rCevebi biomeurneebs
CiTilis gamoyvana da gadargva
brokoli mohyavT rogorc TesliT, aseve CiTiliT. saadreo mosavlis
misaRebad iyeneben CiTilis meTods. Tesls martSi Tesaven, xolo mud-
miv adgilze CiTils gadargaven 35-45 dRis Semdeg. standartul CiTils
unda hqondes 5-6 foToli. kvalSi CiTilis gadargva xdeba aprilis bolos
- maisis dasawyisSi. wina dRes CiTilebs rwyaven. gadargvisas CiTils
niadagSi aTavseben 2sm-iT ufro Rrmad, vidre igi iyo saCiTile
nakveTze, da kargad Semoayrian miwas Reros irgvliv. gadargvis Semdeg
mcenareebs rwyaven.
mwkrivSi Tesvis sqema Semdegia: mcenareebs Soris toveben 30-35sm-
s, mwkrivebs Soris - 55-65sm-s. brokoli SeiZleba TesliTac moviyvanoT.
maisis pirvel ricxvebSi brokols Tesaven, amosvlis Semdeg aRmonacens
ameCxereben. centraluri Tavakis misaRebad mcenareebs Soris toveben
30-35 sm-s, xolo gverdiTi ylortebis misaRebad ameCxereben ise, rom
mcenareebs Soris manZili iyos 40-45 sm.
movla
mcenaris irgvliv niadags regularulad afxviereben. zafxulSi movla
Semoifargleba morwyviT da niadagis tenianobis SenarCunebiT,
risTvisac akeTeben mulCirebas. mosavlianobis gazrdis mizniT perio-
dulad mcenares aZleven damatebiT sakvebs. pirveli damatebiTi kveba
xorcieldeba CiTilis gadargvidan 10 dRis Semdeg (daduRebuli wunwuxiT,
10l wyali da 2kg nakeli). meore _ brokolis Tavis Canasaxis gaCenisas.
(imave xsnariT) erT mcenareze daaxloebiT 1 litri xsnari ixarjeba
damatebiT sakvebs aZleven aseve xangrZlivi wvimebis Semdegac.
mosavlis aReba
zrdasrul, formirebul yva-
vileds Wrian butonis gaxs-
namde (gaxsnili yvaviledi
magrdeba da sakvebad uvar-
gisia); Tavidan Wrian Sua
yvavileds. amis Semdeg
warmoiqmneba gverdiTi ylor-
tebi _ meore mosavali,
mTlianobaSi mosavlis aReba
grZeldeba daaxloebiT 6
kviris ganmavlobaSi
dacva mavneblebisa da daavadebe-
bisagan
brokols, iseve rogorc sxva kom-
bostosnairebs, mravali mavnebeli
azianebs _ lokokina, kombostos
bugri, jvarosanTa rwyili, kombos-
tos cxvirgrZela, kombostos buzi,
kombostos xvatari, bolokisa da
kombostos TeTrulebi da sxv.
brokolis dacva am mavneblebisgan
SeiZleba kvlebs Soris iseTi mcena-
reebis SeTesviT, romelTa sunic
afrTxobs mavneblebs. mag.: abzinda
afrTxobs kombostos buzs, baRis
pitna - kombostos TeTrulas mat-
lebs, niori - kombostos buzis
matlebs, rehani da kama _ bugrs, qon-
dari da salbi _ xvatars, WinWari -
lokokinebs, zogadad mavneblebis
winaaRmdeg karg efeqts iZleva
mulCireba (CiTilebis gadargvisTa-
nave). profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebis
garda mavneblebis, winaaRmdeg arse-
bobs mza biopreparatebic mag.,
fitovermi.
- mZime metalebis Semcveloba ar unda
aRematebodes dasaSveb normas;
- niadagis tipi: msubuqi da saSualo
Tixnaramde;
- niadagis ph - 6.0-7.2;
- humusis horizonti - 35-40sm;
- humusis Semcveloba - 3%-ze meti
- gruntis wylebis done 1.20m-ze Rrmad;
- niadagis saSualo simkvrive 1-1.2g/sm2;Teslbrunva da winamorbedebi
saukeTeso winamorbedebia:
brokolisaTvis: erTwliani sakvebi
balaxnarevi (barda+Svria,
cercvela+Svria), samarcvle parkos-
nebi, saSemodgomo Wvavi, Sualeduri
sideraluri kulturebi.
dasaSvebi winamorbedebia:
kartofili, stafilo, kitri, pomi-
dori, Warxali.
arasasurveli winamorbedebia:
Talgami, Talgamura, boloki, Tvis
boloki, mdogvi, kombostos sxva
jiSebi.
imave nakveTze brokolis dabruneba
SesaZlebelia mxolod 3-4 wlis
Semdeg.
simZimis xarisxidan gamomdinare, meryeobs 3-4t heqtarze.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom RonisZieba (mokirianeba) 15-20%-
iT amcirebs kombostos TavSi mZime metalebis Semcvelobas.
Tu niadagis analizis survili da SesaZlebloba gaqvT,
sasargebloa, icodeT, rom kombostosnairebisaTvis sauke-
Teso niadagi Semdeg moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes:
rCevebi biomeurneebs
2222bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeee 1111 ((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555
kolrabi im bostneulTa rigSia, romelTa mosavalic Tqvens bostanSi yvelaze adre SeiZleba aiRoT. kolrabi
gamoirCeva kargi gemovnebiTi TvisebebiT, didi raodenobiT Seicavs vitamin C-s (am mxriv igi uaxlovdeba
forToxalsa da limons), agreTve - mineralur marilebs (gansakuTrebiT kalciumsa da rkinas). sakvebad gamoiyeneba
kolrabis gamsxvilebuli Rero - Rero-nayofi. kolrabi Zalze swrafad mwifdeba - saadreo jiSebis daTesvidan
mosavlis aRebamde sul 2 Tve gadis, sagviano jiSebisTvis - 4-5 Tve.
saadreo da sagviano kolrabis
CiTilebis gamoyvana
1 gr Teslisagan miiReba 100 cali CiTili, romelic ikavebs 6-12 m2
farTobs Ria gruntSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom 1 gr kolrabis Tesli Sedgeba
250 marcvlisagan, ar unda viangariSoT 100 muSa (vargis) CiTilze metis
miReba. kargad momwifebuli Teslisagan aRmoceneba 80%-s aRwevs, magram
aRmocenebulebidan zogierTi Zalian sustia da unda ganadgurdes. susti
CiTilisagan Zalian patara nayofi miiReba, amitom, rogorc wesi, unda
gadairgas mxolod jansaRi da Zlieri CiTilebi.
saadreo kolrabis CiTilebi kargad viTardeba msubuq, noyier niadage-
bze. misi gadargva xdeba aprilis TveSi. am periodSi mZime niadagebi jer
kidev ar aris gamTbari da amitom masze darguli kolrabi nela viTardeba.
saadreo kolrabis moyvanis mTavari piroba ki - misi swrafi da
Seuferxebeli zrdaa. saadreo kolrabisTvis gankuTvnili nakveTi
Semodgomaze unda damuSavdes da ganoyierdes. gazafxulze, dargvis win,
nakveTs saTanadod afxviereben da asworeben focxiT. aRniSnuli nakveTi
qarisagan daculi unda iyos.
saadreo kolrabis moyvana SesaZlebelia, Tu CiTili qoTnebSi aris
gamoyvanili an Tu igi pikirebulia Tbil saTburebSi, nawrTobia da kar-
gad ganviTarebuli fesvTa sistema aqvs. aseTi CiTilis gamosayvanad
saWiroa saTburi. saTburSi Tesli unda daiTesos ukve TebervalSi. amin-
di am dros aramdgradia da naTesis daRupvis riski arsebobs, amitom
saWiroa regularuli yuradReba. civ saTburebSi kolrabis daTesva
SesaZlebelia martis meore naxevarSi, raTa aprilis bolos an maisis
dasawyisisaTvis ukve CiTili iyos mzad. aseT SemTxvevaSi mosavali
SeiZleba aviRoT ivnisis bolos an ivlisis dasawyisSi.
imisaTvis, rom CiTili kargad gaizardos, saTburSi 1 m2-ze unda
davTesoT ara umetes 3-4 gr Tesli. CiTilis xarisxi damokidebulia
Teslis Tanabar ganawilebaze. naTess zevidan unda daeyaros qviSnari
niadagi an qviSa, raTa morwyvis dros Tesli zedapirze ar amotivtivdes.
aRmocenebamde kvlebi gayinvisagan SeiZleba davicvaT maTze namjis
mopneviT.
gadargvis wina kviraSi kvlebi SeiZleba mTlianad gadaixados, raTa
moxdes CiTilebis wrToba.
kolrabi gamZlea arasasurveli
pirobebis mimarT, magram
misTvis ukeTesia nayofieri da
teniani niadagebi. kolrabi
momTxovnia tenis mimarT -
mSral pirobebSi misi Rero
knindeba da uxeSdeba. zedmeti
teni ki daavadebis gamomwvevi
SeiZleba gaxdes. kolrabisTvis
optimaluria mziani farTobi,
Tumca itans mcire
daCrdilvasac.
kolrabi bunebrivad orwliani
kulturaa. es imas niSnavs, rom
igi yvavilobs da iZleva Tesls
meore wels. normalur
pirobebSi zamTarSi igi wyvets
vegetacias da mcenareSi mimd-
inareobs ayvavebisaTvis
momzadebis saWiro procesebi.
igive procesebi mimdinareobs
vegetaciis Seyovnebisas,
romelic SeiZleba gamowveuli
iyos sxvadasxva mizezebiT,
rogoricaa civi, wvimiani amin-
debi an CiTilebis dagvianebuli
gadargva. amitom saadreo
jiSebad unda gamoviyenoT
`auRerebeli" an L`rogli". es
jiSebi ar aRerdebian maSinac
ki, Tuki vegetaciis periodSi
temperatura mkveTrad daiklebs,
xolo iseTi cnobili jiSebi,
rogoricaa `delikatesi" da
`venuri", ar aris
mizanSewonili, gamoviyenoT,
rogorc saadreo jiSebi Ria
gruntSi mosayvanad.
k o l r a b ik o l r a b i
aaaalllleeeeqqqqssssaaaannnnddddrrrreeee kkkkuuuurrrrttttaaaannnniiiiZZZZeeee
biomrCeveli
2323
rCevebi biomeurneebs
zafxulSi mosayvani kolrabis CiTilebi SesaZlebelia
gamoyvanili iyos saTburis gareSe. zamTarSi Sesanaxad
gamoiyeneba kolrabis mxolod sagviano jiSi (`blauer
Speki", `goliafi"), magram sagviano jiSebis vegetaciis
periodi gacilebiT xangrZlivia, vidre saadreo da
saSualo jiSebisa. amitom daTesva unda moxdes maisSi,
winaswar gamzadebul kvlebSi (daTesvis norma igivea, rac
saTburSi), raTa CiTilebi gadargvisaTvis mzad iyos
ivnisis bolos an ivlisis dasawyisSi.
sagviano kolrabi zamTarSi gamosayeneblad unda
gadairgas ivlisis dasawyisamde.
pomidoris an kombostos sxva saxeobebisagan gansxvavebiT,
kolrabis CiTili ise unda gadairgos, rom miwa mxolod fesvis yels
unda faravdes. niadagis datkepniT amcireben mcenareTa Cawolas.
CiTilis Rrmad Cargvam SeiZleba ara mxolod nayofis warmoqmna
Seaferxos, aramed SesaZloa gamoiwvios misi aRerebac.
kolrabis nayofi uxeSi gamodis im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac igi
Seusabamo niadagzea, an dagvianebiT aris gadarguli, an ara aqvs
sakmarisi sakvebi nivTierebebi, an SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos
gvalviTac. mZime, civ niadagebze kolrabi nela izrdeba, ris Sede-
gadac misi nayofi uxeSdeba. imave Sedegs iZleva, rodesac kolra-
bis CiTils mogvianebiT gadavrgavT, rodesac misi Rero ukve
Semagrebulia.
kolrabis nayofis sidide da xarisxi damokidebulia misi sakve-
bi nivTierebebiT sakmarisad uzrunvelyofaze. kolrabi Zalian
momTxovni aris azotovani da kaliumiani sasuqebisadmi. kolrabi
Senaxvisadmi ufro mdgradia Tuki mas mosavlis aRebis wina
periodSi ar gamovkvebavT azotovani sasuqebiT.
kolrabis nayofis daskdomas iwvevs, rodesac gvalvas xangrZlivi
wvimebi mohyveba. nayofis garsi gvalvis dros uxeSdeba da igi
aucileblad skdeba, rodesac wvimisas kvlav iwyebs aqtiur zrdas.
amis Tavidan asacileblad ar unda davuSvaT misi daknineba gvalvis
dros (anu unda moirwyas zomierad).
CiTilebis movla gadargvis Semdeg
brZola mavneblebTan da daavadebebTan
msxvili nayofebi miiReba CiTilebis sak-
maod didi daSorebebiT dargvisas. CiTilebis
Zalian axlos dargva amuxruWebs nayofis
ganviTarebas. nazi nayofis miReba mxolod
im SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli, rodesac kolra-
bis foTlebi minimalurad aris uzrunvely-
ofili haeriTa da sinaTliT. aqedan gamomd-
inare, saadreo kolrabis minimaluri sakvebi
are unda iyos 25X25 sm. sagviano jiSebi
moiTxoven met sakveb ares. ivnisSi CiTilebi
irgveba 40X40 sm.
kolrabis CiTilebi ar unda Cairgos Rrmad,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gaxangrZlivdeba nay-
ofis warmoqmnis periodi da mcenare aranor-
malurad ganviTardeba.
kolrabs igive mavneblebi uCndeba, rac kombostos, esenia: kombostos buzi, rwyili da kombostos TeTrula, rom-
lebsac SeiZleba vebrZoloT bioprepart "fitovermiT".
daavadebebidan aRsaniSnavia Wraqi da Savi sidample, romlis mizezia xSiri naTesi da araswori morwyva (iSviaTad
gvxvdeba Ria gruntSi). am daavadebis winaaRmdeg SeiZleba gamoviyenoT "fitolavini", "kuproqsati".
mosavlis aReba
saadreo kolrabiT SesaZlebelia ori mosavlis miReba. Cveulebriv kolrabis
aReba xdeba mTliani mcenaris amoTxriT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki kolrabis mxolod
nayofs movWriT (misi Ziri isedac ar gamoiyeneba sakvebad), maSin igi
Cveulebriv amoiyris or, xolo iSviaT SemTxvevaSi sam nayofs. marTalia, isini
zomiT patarebi arian, magram maTi orjer meti raodenobis wyalobiT mosavali
raodenobrivad TiTqmis igivea.
kolrabis mosavlianoba bevr, zemoT ukve aRniSnul faqtorebzea damokidebuli
da amitom igi meryeobs 40-70 tonamde heqtarze.
kolrabi inaxeba 0-5oC temperaturaze maRali tenianobis pirobebSi (95-98%)
6 Tvemde.
rCevebi biomeurneebs
2424bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeee 1111 ((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555
bbbbeeeessssiiiikkkk kkkkaaaallllaaaannnnddddaaaaZZZZeeee
samrCevlo samsaxurisxelmZRvaneli
aromatuli mcenareebi, romelTa
foTlebi didi raodenobiT aq-
rolad nivTierebebs gamoyofen,
`keTili~ mezoblebi arian
bostanSi. am mcenareebis sasar-
geblo Tvisebebi jer kidev an-
tikur literaturaSia aRwerili.
Zveli botanikosebi aromatul
mcenareebs ubralod balaxebs
eZaxdnen. es saxelwodeba - bal-
axovani mcenareebi - dResac
SemorCenilia.
aromatuli mcenareebi Cveni
bostnebis aucilebel kompo-
nents warmoadgenen. isini sam-
kurnalo da aromatuli Tvise-
bebiT xasiaTdebian da, rac
Zalze mniSvnelovania, sasike-
To gavlenas axdenen bostneu-
lis zrda-ganviTarebasa da maT
xarixze. zogjer aromatuli mce-
nareebi bostneulis gemos da
damwifebis vadebsac aumjobe-
seben. mag., rehani mniSvnelov-
nad aumjobesebs pomidvris
gemos, xolo babuawvera, romel-
ic didi raodenobiT eTilens
gamoyofs, aCqarebs nayofebis
damwifebas.
mezobeli mcenareebis urTgav-
lena imdenad ucnauri da mraval-
mxrivia, rom am gavlenis yvela
detalis Sesaxeb xSirad mecnie-
rebi mxolod varaudis gamoT-
qmiT kmayofildebian. Tumca
mravalwliani dakvirvebis Sede-
gebi arsebobs da maTi Cvens
sasargeblod gamoyeneba SegviZ-
lia. mag., Tu baRis pitnis gver
diT WinWari izrdeba, baRis
pitnaSi aromatuli zeTis ode-
rehani wiwaka, pomidori
jijlaya kartofili, pomidori
mdogvi parkosnebi, vazi, xexili
SavTava parkosnebi
usupi kombosto, vazi
ofofa boloki
WinWari pomidori
lavanda parkosnebi
xaxvi Warxali, kombosto, salaTi, marwyvi
babuawvera xexili
oxraxuSi barda, pomidori, marwyvi
pitna kombosto, pomidori
rozmarini parkosnebi
gvirila kitri, xaxvi
kama kartofili
pirSuSxa kartofili
qondari badrijani, kartofili, pomidori, lobio
niori pomidori, kitri, stsfilo, Warxali, marwyvi
tarxuna TiTqmis yvela bostneuli
salbi kombosto, stafilo
RiWa pomidori, xaxvi, simindi
prasi stafilo
noba orjer matulobs; katabalaxas mezobloba bostneulis gamZleobasa da
sikjansaRes uwyobs xels. sworad SerCeuli mezobeli SeiZleba kulturuli mce-
naris mavnebel-daavadebebTan brZolaSic dagexmaroT. mag., baRis pitna
afrTxobs kombostos TeTrulas, aumjobesebs kombostos gemosa da zrdis
process, pirSuSxa warmatebiT umklavdeba kartofilis tkipas, salbi - kom-
bostos xvatarsa da stafilos buzs, niori - iaponur RraWas, qondari -
parkosnebis nayofWamias da sxv.
SSSSeeeeaaaarrrrCCCCiiiieeeeTTTT ssssaaaassssuuuurrrrvvvveeeelllliiii mmmmeeeezzzzoooobbbbeeeelllliiii!!!!
keTili mezoblebi
2525
saTemo mobilizeba da soflis ganviTareba
Znelia, roca kacs kaci, Tu kacs
sofeli marto dReisaTvis
unda da saxvaliod aRar
ufrTxildeba
vvvvaaaaJJJJaaaa----ffffSSSSaaaavvvveeeellllaaaa
sairigacio sistema
sofel javaxSi
sofeli javaxi dmanisis raionSi mdebareobs. lamazi buneba, mSromeli
xalxi, nayofieri niadagi - javaxis simdidres warmoadgens, magram sar-
wyavi sistemis ararsebobis gamo, soflis mosaxleoba srulfasovnad ver
iyenebda am simdidres - ver axerxebda saxnav-saTesi miwebis morwyvas
da Sesabamisad mosavlianoba dabali iyo.
javaxis mosaxleobasTan muSaoba saTemo mobilizebisa da soflis
ganviTarebis ganyofilebam 2003 wlis zafxulSi daiwyo. mosaxleobis
gamokiTxvisas da soflis saerTo krebazec gamoCnda, rom xalxs kargad
esmis sarwyavi sistemis mniSvnelobac da am proeqtis ganxorcielebasTan
dakavSirebuli siZneleebic...
soflis saerTo krebam airCia sainiciativo jgufi - komiteti, romel-
mac muSaoba daiwyo sarwyavi sistemis proeqtze. Tanxis nawils,
SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, `elkana~ gaiRebda, nawils mosaxleoba Seagrovebda,
Tavidanve Canda, rom proeqti Zvirad Rirebuli iqneboda, magram 42 000
laris Segroveba mainc seriozuli problema gaxda... am etapze sofels adg-
ilobrivma mmarTvelobam gaumarTa xeli - raionis gamgeobam sofels
sargeblobaSi (uzurfruqtis wesiT) gadasca 4 km sigrZis milebi. soflis
mosaxleobam gaiRo sakuTari wvlili - fizikuri Sroma da 2000 lari...
aSenda saTave nageboba da gayvanil iqna 3,5 km-iani sarwyavi sistema.
2004 wlis dekemberSi proeqti damTavrda...
2005 wlis 13 aprils `elkanas~ ofisSi Catarda saTemo mobilizebisa da soflis
ganviTarebis ganyofilebis muSaobis prezentacia, sadac ganyofilebis TanamSromlebma
konkretul soflebSi Catarebuli samuSaoebis magaliTze damswreebs gaacnes saTemo mobi-
lizebis meTodebi, midgomebi da miRweuli warmatebebi.
ddddaaaaTTTToooo ddddoooolllliiiiZZZZeeee
saTemo mobilizebisa da soflis
ganviTarebis ganyofilebis
xelmZRvaneli
saTemo mobilizeba da soflis ganviTareba
2626bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeee 1111 ((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555
dRes sofel javaxs aqvs sarwyavi sistema, romlis meSveobiT moir-
wyveba 250 ha saxnav-saTesi da sargebels miiRebs 150 mosaxle.
amasTan javaxis mosaxleobis gadawyvetilebiT, sarwyaviT sargeblo-
ba (gakeTda 2 damatebiTi ventili) SeuZlia amave raionis mezobel
sofels dalars (sadac azerbaijanelebi cxovroben)..
soflis ZalebiT proeqtis ganxorcielebam erTgvari stimuli misca
mosaxleobas: sainiciativo jgufma Camoayaliba wyalmomaragebis asocia-
cia, romelic uzrunvelyofs sarwyavis Seuferxebel muSaobas da 5-6 kac-
sac daasaqmebs.
proeqtis saerTo Rirebuleba - 42 000 lari
`elkana~ - 9000 lari
soflis mosaxleoba - 2000 lari;
raionis gamgeoba - 31 000 lari (4km. sigrZis mili)
kulturafarTobebi
ha-Si
mosavlianoba
proeqtamde
t-Si
mosavlianoba proe-
qtis Semdeg
t-Si sufTa mogeba l-Si
e f e q t u r o b a
proeqtis
RirebulebaSeniSvna
1. kartofili 40 ha 40haX10t=400t 40haX30t=1200t 1200t X 400l -120000l
= 360000l
2. kombosto 25 ha 25haX20t=500t 25haX70t=1750t 1750t X 150l -30000l
= 232500l
3. simindi 80 ha 80haX2t=160t 80haX8t=640t 640t X 400l -130000l
= 126000l
4. xorbali 80 ha 80haX3t=240t 80haX5t=400t 400t X 400l -45600l
= 114400l
5. lobio 20 ha 20haX2t=40t 20haX5t=100t 100t X 1000l -24000l= 76000l
jami 245 ha 1340 t 4090 t 908900 l 42 000 l
42 000,aqedan
`elkanam~gasca
9000 lari
soflis
komitetis
iniciativiT
sofelSi
Seiqmna wyal-
momaragebis
asociacia
sasmeli wylis sistema sofel
axalubanSi
sofeli axalubani mdebareobs goris raionSi da uSualod
esazRvreba osur soflebs... am mezoblobam, qarTul-osuri kon-
fliqtis dros, mravali problema, maT Soris sasmeli wylis
problemac gauCina sofels.
axalubani sasmelad iyenebda wyals, romelic osuri soflis
gavliT Sedioda sofelSi. cxadia, konfliqtis fonze wylis
mowodeba Sewyda.
dReisaTvis sofeli sasmelad iyenebs WaburRilis wyals,
romelic eleqtrotumboTi iqaCeba da miewodeba mosaxleobas.
miuxedavad imisa, rom TviTon wyali kargi xarisxisaa, droTa
ganmavlobaSi misi gamoyeneba soflisTvis problemad iqca -
usaxsrobis gamo gayvaniloba didi xnis ganmavlobaSi ar
SekeTebula, dazianebul milebSi wyali dabinZurda da, rogorc
sofelSi amboben, sasmelad gamouyenebeli da janmrTelobi-
saTvis saSiSi gaxda. amasTan sasmeli wylis didi nawili so-
felSi mosvlamde dazianebuli milebidan ikargeboda da mosax-
leoba isev uwylod rCeboda.
((
2727
saTemo mobilizeba da soflis ganviTareba
proeqti daiwyo 2004 wlis zafxulSi;
damTavrda - 2004 wlis Semodgomaze
proeqtis mTliani Rirebuleba - 12 370 lari
soflis wili - 3370 lari
`elkanas~ daxmareba - 9000 lari
xidi da damcavi jebiri sofel qveda
baxvSi
sofeli qveda baxvi mdebareobs guriaSi (ozurgeTis raionSi).
miwis ganawilebisas am soflis mosaxleobis 70-75%-s saxnav-
saTesi mdinare baxviswylis piras Sexvda; baxviswyali mTis
mdinarea, uecari adideba da kalapotis xSiri cvla axasiaTebs, rac
seriozul safrTxes uqmnis mosavals. ori wlis win adidebulma
mdinarem, saxnav-saTesis garda, xidic waiRo... amasTan
mdinaremde misasvleli gzac ise dazianda, rom praqtikulad manqa-
nis misvla SeuZlebeli gaxda...
qveda baxvis mosaxleoba gamouval mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda:
dakarges mosavlis didi nawili da rac gadarCa, imis gamotanasac
veRar axerxebdnen xidisa da gzis ararsebobis gamo.
mosaxleobas kargad esmoda, rom aucilebeli iyo gzisa da
xidis SekeTeba, damcavi jebirebiT mdinaris SeboWva, magram
usaxsrobis gamo wlebis ganmavlobaSi ver moxerxda am
samuSaoebis Catareba da sofeli mudmivad walekvis saSiSroebis
winaSe idga...
`elkanas~ saTemo mobilizebisa da soflis ganviTarebis jgu-
fis sofelSi SesvlisTanave gamoCnda, rom sasmeli wylis aRd-
genas mosaxleobisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvneloba hqonda. Tav-
dapirvelad soflis krebaze da Semdeg komitetTan muSaobisas
gamoikveTa konkretuli proeqti, romelic iTvaliswinebda 1 km-
ian trasaze amortizebuli wyalsadeni milebis Secvlas.
soflis mosaxleobam Zalze moindoma - gaiRo garkveuli
Tanxa, fizikuradac imuSava da proeqtiT dagegmili samuSao sam
TveSi daamTavra - dRes sofels sufTa wyali aqvs, romliTac
sargeblobs 220 ojaxi.
((
komlis rao-
denoba
sofelSi
sasmeli wyliT
mosargebleSeniSvna
e f e q t u r o b a
proeqtis
Rirebuleba
l-Si
220 komli 604 adamiani
604 adamiani moixmars sufTa sasmel wyals da
Semcirdeba wylis dabinZurebisgan gamowveul
daavadebaTa gaCenis riski
12 370aqedan `elkanadan~gavida 9000 lari
saTemo mobilizeba da soflis ganviTareba
2828bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeee 1111 ((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555
saTemo mobilizebisa da soflis ganviTarebis jgufis qveda baxvSi SesvlisTanave aSkara gaxda, rom Tu
aRniSnuli problemebi ar mogvarda, soflis mosaxleobis didi nawili SesaZloa saxnav-saTesis gareSe darCes.
soflis saerTo krebaze gamoCnda, rom mosaxleoba mzad iyo, aqtiuri monawileoba mieRo proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi.
dReisaTvis, `elkanas~ xelSewyobiTa da soflis mosaxleobis mondomebiT, sofel qveda baxvSi SekeTda gza,
aRdga xidi, aago damcavi jebiri da mosaxleobas naklebad aSinebs baxviswylis adideba...
(
komlis
raodenoba
sofelSi
jebirebis gakeTebiT
saxnav-saTesis
walekvis riski
Seumcirda
xidis momxmarebeli
e f e q t u r o b a
proeqtis Rirebuleba
l-Si
400 komli 70 komls
300 komli xidis meSveobiT droulad
daamuSavebs nakveTebs da daabinavebs
mosavals
6 000, aqedan
`elkanam~gasca 3000 lari
proeqti daiwyo 2003 wlis gazafxulze;
damTavrda - 2004 wlis Semodgomaze
proeqtis saerTo Rirebuleba - 6 000 lari;
`elkana~ - 3000 lari;
soflis mosaxleoba - 3000 lari;
kursi SemuSavebulia `elkanas~ saTemo mobilizebisa
da soflis ganviTarebis samsaxuris mier da efuZneba
Teoriul codnasa da am jgufis mravalwlian praqtikul
gamocdilebas.
midgoma da konkretuli meTodologia, romelsac kursi
efuZneba, warmatebiT gamoiyeneba msoflios mraval
qveyanaSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobis realuri saWirobebis
gamovlenisa da agreTve adgilobrivi iniciativebis
ganviTarebis xelSewyobisaTvis.
kursis gavlis Sedegad monawileebi:
- SeiZenen Sesabamis Teoriul da praqtikul codnas;
- gamoimuSaveben Sesabamis midgomebsa da unar-
Cvevebs;
- SeZleben damoukideblad muSaobas miznobriv
jgufebTan.
kursze damswreTa raodenoba: minimum - 8,maqsimum - 12
- kursis xangrZlivobaa 5 dRe (aqedan 4 dRe -
Teoriuli mecadineoba, 1 dRe - gasvliTi).
- kursis Catarebis dro: 10.00 - 18.00.
- saswavlo saaTebis raodenoba - 28 sT.
- kursis Rirebulebaa 1pirix5dRe - 200 lari.
SeRavaTebi:- adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
warmomadgenlebisaTvis - 50 %-iani fasdakleba (100
lari),
- studentebisaTvis da fermerebisaTvis - 75 %-iani
fasdakleba (50 lari).
- testirebis safuZvelze gaicema 3 xarisxis serti-
fikati;
- kursi ikiTxeba qarTul enaze;
s i a x l e
s i a x l e kursi - saTemo mobilizeba
Tu dainteresebuli xarT saTemo mobilizebis sakiT-
xebiT, apirebT TemTan muSaobas da gsurT konkretuli
meTodebisa da midgomebis gacnoba, mogvmarTeT `elka-
nas~ ofisSi.
PLA
2005 wlis 4-8 ivliss, `elkanas~ ofisSi, pirvelad Catardeba kursi - saTemo mobilizeba
2929
agrobiomravalferovnebis dacva
am mizniT samcxe-javaxeTSi daiwyo 5-
wliani proeqtis - "saqarTvelos agrobiom-
ravalferovnebis aRdgena, konservacia da
mdgradi gamoyenebis" ganxorcieleba, romel-
ic dafinansebulia globaluri garemosdac-
viTi fondis (GEF) mier, gaeros ganvi-
Tarebis programis (UNDP) saqarTvelos
ofisis xlSewyobiT.
mimdinare wels ganxorcielda proeqtis
mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi. kerZod, axalcix-
is raionis sofel wnisSi organizebulia sa-
koleqcio nakveTi (4,3 ha), SeZenilia ofisi
q. axalcixeSi. sakoleqcio nakveTi SeiRoba
da amJamad mimdinareobs sameurneo nagebo-
bis mSenebloba. amave wels daiwyo sami-
waTmoqmedo saqmianoba, gazafxulze Teslis
gasamravleblad daiTesa marcvlovnebis -
xorblis, qeris, Wvavis, fetvis, parkosnebis
- muxudos, cercvis, ospis, culispiras, ZaZas
adgilobrivi formebi, uZvelesi adgilobrivi
kultura seli. SemodgomiT sakoleqcio
nakveTze daiTesa xorbali - axalcixis wi-
Teli doli or heqtarze, xorblis, qeris da
Wvavis ramdenime forma. paralelurad aR-
niSnuli kulturebis Tesli daurigda adgilo-
briv fermerTa saTemo organizaciis
`,farezis~, 40 damoukidebel fermers, rom-
lebmac es formebi TavianT meurneobebSi
daTeses. vegetaciis manZilze sistematurad
tardeba naTesebis monitoringi, romlis
drosac xdeba naTesis mdgomareobis Sefa-
seba. fermerebs utardeboda konsultaciebi
maTTvis saintereso sakiTxebze. daTesili
kulturebi sakmaod kargaT Seewyo adgilo-
briv niadagur da klimatur pirobebs.
programis farglebSi adgilobrivi jiSebi
samcxe-javaxeTi saqarTvelos erT-erTi ZirZveli mxaris
mesxeTis nawilia. igi amJamad moicavs xuT adminis-
traciul erTeuls (raions), romelTa saerTo farTobia
5288 kvadratuli kilometri. es mxare, Tavis droze
ekonomikurad saqarTvelos erT-erTi uZlieresi regioni
iyo - XVI saukuneSi aq erTi komli saSualod awarmoebda:
xorbals - 3000 kg, qers - 2700 kg, Wvavs - 600 kg, fetvs
- 300 kg. iyo ojaxebi, romlebic am kulturebis 8-10-ton-
ian mosavals iwevda. dRes arcTu saxarbielo suraTi
gvaqvs - mravalsaukunovanma avbedobam, romlis dam-
agvirgvinebeli akordi iyo XX saukuneSi danarCeni
saqarTvelodan 70-wliani xelovnuri izolacia (sasazRvro
reJimis SemoReba), gamoiwvia am kuTxis ekonomikuri
daqveiTeba da adgilobrivi agrobiomravalferovnebis
dakargva. rogorc winaswari gamokvlevis Sedegad gairkva,
TiTqmis gamqralia adgilobrivi marcvlovani da parkosani
kulturebis jiSebi da populaciebi. SedarebiT metad
SemorCenilia xexilisa da vazis adgilobrivi jiSebi.
Cveni amocanaa, SevinarCunoT is, rac SemogvrCa da
SevecadoT, aRvadginoT is kulturebi, romlebic am mxa-
reSi tradiciulad mohyavdaT. esenia - xorblis jiSebi dika
da wiTeli doli, qerSveli (SiSvelmarcvliani qeri), fetvi,
muxudo ospi, cercvi, seli.
samcxe-javaxeTis agrobiomravalfer-
ovnebis aRdgena da SenarCuneba
bbbbiiiiZZZZiiiinnnnaaaa ffffeeeerrrraaaaZZZZeeee
agrobiomravalferovnebis
dacvis ganyofilebis
xelmZRvaneli
agrobiomravalferovnebis dacva
3030bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeee 1111 ((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555
daiTesa 6-6,4 heqtarze. ukve arsebobs Teslis gansazRvruli maragi,
romelic momaval wels daurigdebaT fermerebs. gamovlinda 4 fermeri,
romlebic awarmoeben Tesls gavrcelebisaTvis. Seqmnilia sakoleqcio-
sacdeli baza, romelic Camoyalibdeba, rogorc meTesleobis sagaran-
tio meurneoba, da moamaragebs fermerebs aRniSnuli kulturebis
TesliT.
CamoTvlili saqmianobebis garda, proeqtis gegmis farglebSi adg-
ilobrivi mravalwlovani kulturebis koleqciebi Segrovda. Seiqmna san-
erge, sadac saZireebze damynobilia adgilobrivi xexilis (vaSlis 24
jiSis) kvirti. Segrovebulia vazis 22 adgilobrivi jiSis nimuSi da
gadargulia sakoleqcio nakveTze. masalaze mimdinareobs dakvirveba.
1,2 ha farTobze daTesilia
parkosnebi: muxudo, ospi, ZaZa,
culispira
0,5 ha farTobze daTesilia: xor-
bali - dika da Savfxa, qeri, Wvavi
- kaklis Tesli - 500 cali
- WanWuris Tesli - 3 kg
- msxlis Tesli - 0,5 kg
ssssaaaannnneeeerrrrggggeeeeSSSSiiii ddddaaaaTTTTeeeessssiiiilllliiiiaaaa::::
dReisaTvis proeqtis - "saqarTvelos agrobio-
mravalferovnebis aRdgena, konservacia da mdgradi gamoyenebis"
farglebSi
- vaSlis saZire - 2000 cali
- vazis nergi - 2200 cali
- wiTeli mocxari - 24 Ziri
- Savi mocxari - 12 Ziri
- wiTeli Txili - 15 Ziri
- yviTeli WanWuri - 8 Ziri
- wiTeli WanWuri - 8 Ziri
- tyupqliava - 5 Ziri
- xurtkmeli - 12 Ziri
- Jolo - 15 Ziri
- msxvilnayofa Jolo - 6 Ziri
ssssaaaannnneeeerrrrggggeeeeSSSSiiii ddddaaaarrrrgggguuuulllliiiiaaaa::::
3131
agrobiomravalferovnebis dacva
mcenareuli genetikuri resursebis Sesaxeb literaturaSi arsebobs
cneba - daumsaxureblad miviwyebuli kulturebi: es is kulturebia,
romlebic ganidevna warmoebidan sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo. faq-
tia, rom isini daumsaxureblad arian miviwyebulni da dgeba sakiTxi
maTi aRdgenis Sesaxeb, zogierTi maTganis mainc. CvenSi aseTi
kulturaa seli. ganvixiloT selis sxva cnobili Tvisebebi da
gamoyenebis saxeebi. rogorc zemoT iTqva, saboWkoe selis nawar-
mi qsovili mravali kargi TvisebiT xasiaTdeba. selis Zafi 2-jer
ufro mtkicea, vidre matylis, xolo 3-jer, vidre abreSumis Zafi.
dabalxarisxovani boWkosagan qsoven brezents, satare qsovils,
amzadeben bawars, Spagats, saCurT masalas. merqnisagan mzaddba,
agreTve, kartoni, eTilis spirti, ZmarmJava da sxv. amrigad,
saboWkoe selis yvela nawilidan vRebulobT raRac produqts.
miuxedavad yvela am sikeTisa, romelic axasiaTebs saboWkoe
sels, misi aRdgena Tanamedrove kolxeTSi mravali siZnelis gamo
albaT Zalze Zneli iqneba. sels kolxeTSi SemodgomiT Tesavdnen,
amitom zogierTi mkvlevari mas saSemodgomo sels - Linum biene-
s uwodebs. selis qsovilebis warmoeba
sakmaod intensiuri iyo dasavleT
saqarTveloSi, magram XIX saukuneSi,
manufaqturuli warmoebis qsovilebis
Semosvlam, selis qsovilebis warmoeba
Seamcira, XX saukuneSi ki igi sruliad
Sewyda, rasac, cxadia, selis mcenaris
Tesva-moyvanis Sewyvetac mohyva.
miuxedavad kolxuri selis univesaluri
Tvisebisa (misi Tesli sakmao odeno-
bis cxims Seicavda), kolxeTis mo-
saxleoba zeTis warmoebisTvis sels
ar iyenebda. samagierod, aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mTianeTis mcxovreblebi
selis zeTs iRebdnen selis meore sax-
eobidan - Linum humile Mill.-dan (mTis
seli). aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTia-
neTSi sazeTe selis moyvana grZel-
deboda XX saukunis Sua wlebamde.
Semdeg isic ganidevna zeTis momcemi
mcenaris - mzesumziras mier. marTalia,
mzesumziras ar daukavebia sazeTe
selis Tesva-moyvanis areali (maRal-
mTa), magram mTianeTSi TviT zeTis
Semotana xdeboda mzesumziris warmoe-
bis regionebidan. amdenad, mosax-
leobam Tavi mianeba selis Tesvas,
radgan amasTan igi sakmaod Sromate-
vadi saqme iyo. aman gamoiwvia sazeTe
selis gadaSeneba.
es monacemebi moxseniebul iqna
konferenciaze - `seli da monaTesave
boWkovani mcenareebi adamianis
keTildReobisaTvis~, romelic moawyo
FAO-s (sursaTisa da soflis meurneo-
bis organizacia) 2003 wlis dekem-
berSi, egvipteSi, kairoSi. konferen-
s e l i
daumsaxureblad miviwyebuli kultura
ttttaaaaiiiiuuuullll bbbbeeeerrrriiiiSSSSvvvviiiilllliiii
agrobiomravalferovnebis
dacvis ganyofilebis
TanamSromeli
agrobiomravalferovnebis dacva
3232bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeee 1111 ((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555
ciaSi monawileobda 20 qveynis 88 warmomadgeneli evropidan, azi-
idan, afrikidan, CrdiloeT da samxreT amerikidan. FAO did
yuradRebas aqcevs selisa da sxva boWkovani mcenareebis koleq-
ciebis mdgomareobas, romelTa raodenobam evropis genbankebSi
2500 nimuSamde miaRwia. amJamad mimdinareobs nimuSebis pasporti-
zacia da monacemTa bazebis Seqmna, rac safuZvelia selis kulturis
uSualo warmoebisTvis. amrigad, sazeTe selis aRdgena ufro advi-
lad gvesaxeba, vidre saboWkoesi, radgan misi Tesva-moyvana da
zeTis warmoeba SesaZlebelia naklebi teqnikuri problemis
gadawyvetiT. meqanikuri saTesiT Tesva, Teslis aReba kombainiT,
zeTsaxdeli. ai, is minimaluri teqnikuri saSualebebi, romlebic
saWiroa sazeTe selis mosayvanad da zeTis misaRebad.
amJamad, selis Tesli gadacemuli aqvs samcxe-javaxeTis 30-mde
fermers, seli agreTve daiTesa wnoris sacdel-saCvenebeli bazis
nakveTze.
samcxe-javaxeTSi sazeTe selis aRdgenis warmatebas
ganapirobebs ramdenime faqtori: 1. tradiciuli codna, 2.
moTxovnileba selis zeTze, 3. selis kulturis universaloba.
rogori iyo adre samcxe-javaxeTSi selis moyvanis wes-
Cveulebebi? sazeTe sels april-maisSi Tesdnen, amisaTvis
SedarebiT noyier niadags arCevdnen. daTesvamde erTi TviT adre
miwas gaurevdnen da ise Tesavdnen. sazeTe sels celiT iRebdnen,
Rrublian amindSi, an nawvimarze marcvlis gafantvis Tavidan
asacileblad simwifis niSani misi saTesle kolofebis gayviTleba
iTvleboda. mocelil sels mindorSi zvinebad dgamdnen. gamoSrobis
Semdeg selze saqonels an urems moatarebdnen, mere kargad datkep-
nil an sipi qvebisagan gakeTebul kaloze galewavdnen. galewil mar-
cvals miwaSi amoWril qvitkiriT amoSenebul ormoebSi yridnen.
aseT ormoebSi 18-19 centneri selis Tesli Cadioda. zeTis
misaRebad samcxe-javaxeTSi specialuri sawarmoebi - saxdelebi
arsebobda. gamoxdil zeTs glexis ojaxSi mravalmxrivi gamoyene-
ba hqonda, maT Soris saritualo, dabadeba-gardacvalebis da micvale-
bulis kultTan dakavSirebuli ceremoniebis dros. namet zeTs glexi
bazarze hyidda an cvlida im produqtebze, romelic mis
meurneobaSi ar modioda. motanili masala me-19 saukunemde
SemorCenil mdidar tradiciebze metyvelebs. am tradiciebs dasaba-
mi saukuneTa siRrmeSi eZebneba (arqeologiuri gaTxrebi,
werilobiTi wyaroebi).
selis Tesva-moyvana, misgan produqtis miReba, sakmaod rTuli
da Sromatevadi saqme iyo, soflis meurneobis Tanamedrove
teqnologiebisaTvis aseTi sirTuleebi advili dasaZlevia, amitom,
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT am kulturis saukeTeso Tvisebebs, misi
aRdgena Tanamedrove pirobebSi sakmaod realurad gvesaxeba.
da
um
sa
xu
re
bl
ad
m
iv
iw
ye
bu
li
k
ul
tu
ra
s e l i
3333
agrobiomravalferovnebis dacva
zemoT CamoTvlil sakiTxebs mieZRvna
a.w. 19-21 maiss erevanSi gamarTuli
saerTaSoriso seminari Temaze: "somxe-
Tisa da kavkasiis regionis samkurnalo
mcenareebi", romelic organizebuli iyo
somxeTis soflis meuneobis saministros,
gaeros evropis ganyofilebis ekonomikuri
komisiis (UNECE), Sveicariis ganviTa-
rebisa da TanamSromlobis saagentosa
(SDC) da gaeros ganviTarebis programis
(UNDP) mier.
ucxoel eqspertebTan, adgilobriv mwar-
moeblebTan da arasamTavrobo organiza-
ciebTan erTad seminaris muSaobaSi monaw-
ileobda saqarTvelos delegaciac: biomeur-
neobaTa asociacia `elkanas~ direqtori -
mariam jorjaZe, amave asociaciis sazo-
gadoebasTan urTierTobis specialisti -
nana zibzibaZe da sasoflo TemTa ganvi-
Tarebis saagentos direqtori - rostom
gamisonia.
erToblivi diskusiebis Sedegad gamo-
ikveTa regionSi arsebuli problemebi
(Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo bazis, serti-
ficirebis samsaxuris uqonloba, asocia-
samkurnalo mcenareebis
ekonomikuri da ekologiuri
potenciali
s e m i n a r i
e r e v a n S i
dRes kavkasiis regionSi sakmao raodeno-
bis samkurnalo mcenareebis Segroveba
xdeba, magram es procesi yovelgvari wese-
bis da kanonebis dacvis gareSe mimdinare-
obs; jerovani yuradReba ar eTmoba maT
kultivacias; samkurnalo mcenareebis
umravlesi saxeobebi sazRvargareT gadis
ara rogorc produqcia, aramed - rogorc
nedleuli; kultivacia, mosavlis moyvana, war-
moeba da marketingi Zalian iSviaTia da ar
efuZneba saimedo, sando monacemebsa da
gaTvlebs; garda amisa, Znelad xelmisawvdo-
mia Sesaferisi teqnologiebi plantaciebis
gasaSeneblad. yovelive amis Sedegad, veluri
samkurnalo balaxebis mravalferovneba
mniSvnelovnad knindeba. mravali saxeoba
wiTel wignSia Setanili da TvalnaTeli
xdeba, rom seriozuli Carevis da
Zalisxmevis gareSe samkurnalo mcenareebis
umravles saxeobebs saqarTveloSi, somxeTsa
da azerbaijanSi degradacia emuqreba.
meore mxriv, veluri samkurnalo
mcenareuli resursebis gonivrul
ganviTarebasa da gamoyenebas regionisTvis
didi socialur-ekonomikuri da ekologiuri
mniSvneloba aqvs.. is SesamCnevad moawes-
rigebs maT Segrovebas bunebriv
populaciebSi. samkurnalo mcenareebis meur-
neobebsa da sakarmidamo nakveTebSi moy-
vana uzrunvelyofs damatebiT ekonomikur
Semosavals soflis mosaxleobisTvis,
Seamcirebs maT damokidebulebas
ZviradRirebul sazRvargareTul preparatebze,
gazrdis moTxovnas mcenareuli warmoSobis
produqciaze.
nnnnaaaannnnaaaa zzzziiiibbbbzzzziiiibbbbaaaaZZZZeeee
sazogadoebasTan
urTierTobis specialisti
agrobiomravalferovnebis dacva
3434bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeee 1111 ((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555
ciebisa da organizaciebis simcire, fermerebis gamoucdelo-
ba, agreTve sxvadasxva teqnikuri problemebi), Sefasda
resursebi (nayofieri niadagebi, SedarebiT iafi muSaxeli, im
mcenareebis SerCeva da kultivacia, romlebic SesaZlebelia
komerciuli warmoebisaTvis, xeliT Sroma, know how-sa da
teqnologiebis aTvisebis siadvile da sxv.) da gamoiTqva
mosazrebebi samkurnalo mcenareebis eqsportis ganviTarebis
perspeqtivaze, ris winapirobasac warmoadgens fermeruli
kavSirebis/asociaciebis Seqmna, potenciuri bazris kvleva
dafuZnebuli mecnierul bazaze, konservaciisa da menejmentis
strategiebis gaTvaliswinebiT, produqciis fasebis, xarisxis,
moculobas swori gaTvla da uSualo momxmareblisaTvis
SeTavazeba sazRvargareT.
ucxoelma eqspertebma mimoixiles am dargSi Tanamedrove
msoflio bazris ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi da warmoadgines
TavianTi rekomendaciebi somxeTisa da kavkasiis regio-
nisaTvis. aRiniSna, rom arsebobs ori didi bazari - evropa
- aSS/kanadisa, romlebic arian yvelaze farTo momxmareblebi,
da indoeT-CineTisa, romlebic momxmareblebic arian da mwar-
moeblebic. iseTi qveynebi, rogorebicaa rumineTi, bulgareTi
da albaneTi- imsaxureben ganviTarebuli qveynebis interess,
rogorc nedleulis mimwodeblebi, swored maT rigSi moiazre-
ba dRes somxeTi da kavkasiis regionis sxva qveynebi,
romelTac swored maTTan mouwevT konkurenciis gaweva
uaxloes momavalSi.
3535
iuridiuli konsultacia
`mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad,
SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis (Sps)
dafuZnebis ufleba aqvs nebismer fizikur an iuridiul
pirs. Sps-is registraciisaTvis saWiro dokumentebis
nusxa:
1.gancxadeba registraciis Sesaxeb (sasamarTloSi
SeaqvT iuridiuli misamarTis mixedviT) unda Seicavdes:
Tu damfuZnebeli iuridiuli piria - mis safirmo sax-
elwodeba da registraciis monacemebi (iuridiuli
misamarTi, sasamarTlos dasaxeleba, romelmac regis-
traciaSi gaatara iuridiuli piri, registraciis TariRi
da nomeri, organizaciul-samarTlebrivi forma, misi
warmomadgenlis monacemebi).
- Tu iuridiuli piri registrirebulia saqarTvelos
farglebs gareT, maSin zemoT aRniSnuli dokumentacia
notariulad dadasturebuli da legalizebuli unda iqnes
Sesabamisi qveynis sakonsuloSi. dokumentacia legal-
izebas ar saWiroebs, Tu iuridiuli piri registrirebu-
lia dsT-is teritoriaze.
z) warmomadgenlobaze uflebamosili piris (sazoga-
doebis xelmZRvanelis) xelmoweris nimuSi - dadasture-
buli notariulad.
T) sawesdebo kapitalis odenoba da sabuTi Sesru-
lebuli Sesatanis Sesaxeb (sawesdebo kapitali unda
Seadgendes sul cota ori aTas lars);
i) yoveli damfuZnebeli partnioris Sesatanis ode-
noba, Sesabamisad wili;
k) yoveli direqtoris, xolo sameTvalyureo sabWos
arsebobisas, agreTve, sameTvalyureo sabWos yoveli
wevris saxeli, gvari, dabadebis TariRi da adgili, pro-
fesia da sacovrebeli adgili;
l) dokumentebi yoveli direqtoris daniSvnisa da
sameTvalyureo sabWos (Tu aseTi arsebobs) wevrebis
arCevis Sesaxeb;
2. sazogadoebis wesdeba (xelmowerili yvela dam-
fuZneblis mier da damowmebuli notariulad);
3. damfuZnebelTa gadawyvetileba sazogadoebis
Seqmnisa da yoveli direqtoris daniSvnis Sesaxeb. Tu
sameTvalyureo sabWo arsebobs, gadawyvetilebaSi mi-
TiTebul unda iqnes maTi daniSvnis Sesaxeb (xelmower-
ili yvela damfuZneblis mier da damowmebuli notariu-
lad);
4. Tu sazogadoebis sawesdebo kapitali fuladi sa-
xiT aris Setanili, saWiroa sabanko amonaweri sazoga-
doebis saxelze Setanili Tanxis arsebobis Sesaxeb.
_ Tu sazogadoebis sawesdebo kapitalis Camo-
bondo alasania
iuristi
vis SeuZlia SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis Seqmna, ra saxis
dokumentaciis wardgenaa amisaTvis savaldebulo?
fermerTa uflebebis dacva - biologiur
meurneobaTa asociacia `elkanas~ erT-erTi mizania.
2004 wlis gazafxulze holandiuri organizaciis -
NOVIB-is xelSewyobiT organizaciam daiwyo am
mimarTulebiT realuri nabijebis gadadgma.
SegiZliaT mogvmarToT kiTxviT TqvenTvis saintereso
iuridiul sakiTxebze da Cveni Jurnalis saSualebiT
gagiwevT kvalificiur konsultaciebs
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� a) safirmo saxelwodeba (forma);
� b) organizaciul-samarTlebrivi forma;
� g) adgilsamyofeli (iuridiuli misamarTi);
� d) saqmianobis sagani;
� e) monacemebi sameurneo wlis dasawyisisa da
damTavrebis Sesaxeb;
� v) yoveli damfuZnebeli partnioris saxeli,
gvari, dabadebis adgili da TariRi, profesia da
sacxovrebeli adgili;
gvekiTxebian ���� vupasuxebT
1
iuridiuli konsultacia
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yalibeba xdeba qonebiT, maSin saWiroa auditoris
daskvna.
5. cnoba adgilsamyofelis _ iuridiuli misamarTis
Sesaxeb (mesakuTris Tanxmoba da sakuTrebis damadas-
turebeli dokumenti);
6. saregistracio mosakreblis gadaxdis damadasture-
beli qviTari (160 laris odenobiT).
sasamarTlo valdebulia, registracia ganaxorcielos
aucilebeli sabuTebis wardgenidan xuTi kalendaruli
dRis vadaSi. Tu am vadaSi registracia ar ganxorciel-
da an ganmcxadebels ar ecnoba motivirebuli uari,
sawarmo CaiTvleba registrirebulad da sasamarTlo
valdebulia, ganmcxadeblis moTxovnis safuZvelze
dauyovnebliv gasces saregistracio mowmoba.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, Sps warmoadgens
damoukidebel, kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirs, romel-
ic kreditorebis winaSe pasuxismgebelia mxolod
Tavisi qonebiT. sazogadoebis partniori (dam-
fuZnebeli) ar aris pasuxismgebeli sazogadoebis val-
debulebebze. aqedan gamomdinare, partniors (dam-
fuZnebels) ar SeuZlia ganicados damatebiTi zarali
Sps-is warumatebeli saqmianobis Sedegad, garda sawes-
debo kapitalSi gadacemuli qonebis dakargvisa.
Sps aris iuridiuli piri da igi damoukideblad agebs
pasuxs mxolod Tavisi qonebiT kreditorebis winaSe;
SeiZleba sazogadoebis valebi aRematebodes mis
qonebas, magram pasuxismgebloba Semoifargleba
mxolod am qonebiT;
Sps-is partniorebi pasuxs ar ageben sazogadoebis
valdebulebebze, e.i. kreditorebTan urTierToba part-
niors ki ar aqvs, aramed sazogadoebas, oRond is
qoneba, rac partniorebma sazogadoebaSi Cades,
xmardeba sazogadoebis valebis dafarvas;
Sps-is arseboba ar aris damokidebuli masSi
wevrobaze. e.i. partniorebis gamosvla sazogadoe-
bidan avtomaturad ar iwvevs sazogadoebis daSlas.
es ganpirobebulia imiT, rom Sps aris kapitalis
gaerTianebis Sedegad Seqmnili sazogadoeba;
ra moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis
sazogadoebis wesdeba?
SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis wesdebaSi savaldebuloa, ganisazRvros Semdegi sakiTxebi:
wesdeba aseve SeiZleba Seicavdes sxva monacemebsac, romlebic ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos kanonmde-
blobas da aucilebelia Sps-is warmatebuli saqmianobisaTvis.
gvekiTxebian ���� vupasuxebT
ra saxis pasuxismgebloba ekisreba SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazo-
gadoebas da mis damfuZneblebs?
� a) sazogadoebis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi
forma da safirmo saxelwodeba;
� b) sazogadoebis adgilsamyofeli (iuridiuli
misamarTi);
� g) yoveli damfuZnebeli partnioris saxeli,
gvari, dabadebis adgili da TariRi, profesia da
sacxovrebeli adgili; Tu partniori iuridiuli
piria, maSin unda mieTiTos misi safirmo saxel-
wodeba da registraciis monacemebi (iuridiuli
piris misamarTi, im uwyebis dasaxeleba, romelmac
registraciaSi gaatara iuridiuli piri, registraci-
is TariRi da nomeri, organizaciul-samarTlebrivi
forma, misi warmomadgenlis monacebi);
� d) sazogadoebis saqmianobis sagani;
� e) monacemebi sameurneo wlis dasawyisisa da
damTavrebis Sesaxeb;
� v) sawesdebo kapitalis odenoba (sul cota ori
aTasi lari mainc), misi Sevsebis forma (fuladi
an arafuladi), sabuTi Sesrulebuli Senatanis
Sesaxeb (sabanko amonaweri an auditoris daskv-
na);
� z) yoveli damfuZnebeli partnioris Senatanis
odenoba, forma (fuladi an arafuladi), sabuTi
ganxorcielebuli Sesatanis Taobaze da TiToeuli
partnioris wili;
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3
3737
Cveni biomeurneebi
SemogTavazebT mzis energiiT saSrobi, martivi, hermetuli
kameris aRweras. `mzis yuTi~ warmatebiT gamoiyeneba samkurna-
lo, aromatuli mcenareebis da sxvadasxva xilis Ciris mzis
sxivebiT, CrdilSi gaSrobis saqmeSi. misi damzadeba
SesaZlebelia Tqvensave meurneobaSi, Tuki SegiZliaT najaxis,
xerx-SalaSinis da lursman-CaquCis gamoyeneba.
1,5-2 sm sisqis ficrebisgan naxazis mixedviT SevWedoT sax-
uraviani yuTi.. is Sedgeba: a) moZravi saxuravisagan; b) TviTon
yuTisagan da g) yuTSi moTavsebuli CarCosagan, romelzec
lagdeba gasaSrobi masala.
a) saxuravi amavdroulad `gamTbobi elementia~, xis CarCos
erTi mxridan miWedili aqvs Savad SeRebili 1-1,5 mm Tunuqis
furclebi, xolo meore mxridan ki fanjris minaa Casmuli, romel-
ic sagozaviT aris gamagrebuli. b) yuTis zomebi naxazzea
miTiTebuli. simartivisaTvis yuTs fskeri SeiZleba miWedebuli
hqondes. waxnagebze Sesabamisi zomis naxvretebia datanebuli
sahaero milebisaTvis. milebi SeiZleba iyos rkinis (wyalgay-
vanilobis) 0,5-diumiani aluminis, kapron-plastmasis da a.S.
haeris Semwovi milebis sigrZe aris 25-30 sm, xolo gamwovisa
- 10-15 sm.
avTandil Sengelias 2004 wlis noemberSi SevxvdiT, roca
dasavleT saqarTvelos biomeurneTa gamokiTxvas vatarebdiT.
batoni avTo xalisiani mosaubre aRmoCnda, igi siamovnebiT
pasuxobda dasmul kiTxvebs da male gamokiTxvis Temas
sagrZnoblad gavcdiT...
batoni avTo `elkanaSi~ konkretulma problemam moiyvana: mis
sofelSi, Wagan-WyviSSi, qarsacavi zoli iCexeboda da batoni
avTo Tanamoazreebs eZebda, raTa Wra SeCerebuliyo... ase movi-
da batoni avTo `elkanas~ ofisSi, Sexvda imereTis regionis
mrCevels, gaecno organizaciis muSaobas, movewoneT da gaw-
evrianda kidec...
batoni avTo ganaTlebiT fizikosia, magram dRes ZiriTadad
sakuTar meurneobaSi saqmianobs - misdevs mefutkreobas,
mohyavs soia da bevri saintereso ideac aqvs.
batoni avTos meurneobis daTvalierebisas Cveni yuradReba
miiqcia patara zomis Ciris saSrobma, romelsac batoni avTo
`mzis yuTs~ uwodebda. misi azriT, aseT saSrobs sawarmoo
mniSvneloba ara aqvs, magram igi Zalze moxerxebulia mcire rao-
denobis kargi xarisxis xmeli Ciris dasamzadeblad.
Cveni TxovniT batonma avTom moamzada mcire statia
saSrobi yuTis damzadebisa da muSaobis principis Taobaze...
ekologiurad sufTa energiis
wyaro, romelic fermeris
meurneobaSi anaTebs da jer
kidev daubegravia, mzis ener-
giaa. naxSiri, navTi, gazi, ele-
qtroenergia aris saTbobi,
romelic sinTezirebulia mzis
energiiT. maTi gamoyeneba
iwvevs garkveulwilad garemoSi
Termodinamikuri wonasworobis
darRvevas. uZvelesi droidan
gonieri adamiani eZebda mzis
energiis uSualod gamoyenebis
xerxebs da arcTu ise
uSedegod. mas dRes iyeneben
mefutkreebi, mesaTbureebi,
radioteqnikosebi da a.S.
avTandil Sengelia
icnobdeT
mzis yuTi
Cveni biomeurneebi
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Semwovi
milebiSemwovi
milebi
gamwovi
milebi
gamwovi
milebi
150
40
5020
120
a
b
g
mzidan gamosxivebuli energia dedamiwis ganaTebul
yovel kv. metrze 140 vt-is odenobiT modis. sxivebis
paralelurad daxvedril minis zedapirze gaaRwevs speqtris
mokletalRiani gamosxivebis 96% da STainTqmeba
ZiriTadad yuTis Signidan, Savad SeRebili Tunuqis
kedlebis mier da maTgan gamosxivdeba grZeltalRovani
gamosxiveba, romelsac mina ukve gareT aRar uSvebs.
rezultatSi Cveni yuTis saxuravSi temperatura 80-95oC-
mde iwevs. ra Tqma unda, gacxelebuli saxuravi yuTSic
gaacxelebs haers da gasaSrobi masalidan daiwyeba wylis
intensiuri aorTqleba. wylis teniT gajerebuli haeri
gaedineba atmosferoSi yuTis gamwovi milebidan.
nacvlad yuTSi Semwovi qveda milebiT haeris axali naka-
di Seedineba da a.S. e.i. Cveni yuTi mzian dRes daiwyebs
sunTqvas da sabolood ki Ciri gamoSreba.
saWiroebisamebr milebis garkveuli raodenoba SeiZleba
movketoT kidec.
`mzis yuTi~ warmatebiT gamoicada imereTSi, vanis r-
nis sofel Wagan-WyviSSi. yuTSi damuSavebuli Ciri
sufTaa, daculia mavneblebisagan da yovelgvari mtvris-
agan, Ciri mzadaa Sesanaxad 3-4 mzian dReSi. zamTris
TveebSi yuTi SeiZleba daiSalos da ise Seinaxos, did
adgils ar iWers. naklovaneba erTia - yuTi mcire mocu-
lobisaa.
mzis yuTi