"Biomimetics" and "Bionics" in China

Many words to label this area

仿生的其他类似标签

bionics

bio-inspiration

biophysics

biomimetics

biomorphism biognosis

biological design

bioinspired design

biomimicry

This time we discuss only two words:

"biomimetics"and "bionic"

这次我们只讨论两个单词

bionics

bio-inspiration

biophysics

biomimetics

biomorphism biognosis

biological design

bioinspired design

biomimicry

biomimetics

FIRST COINED最初撰词

最早在20世纪50年代由Schmitt教授提出，并在1957年正式提出biomimetics这个单词。

Otto Schmitt,1950s

Biomimetics was coined by the American biophysicist and polymath Otto Schmitt during the 1950s. It was during his doctoral research that he developed the Schmitt trigger by studying the nerves in squid, attempting to engineer a device that replicated the biological system of nerve propagation. He continued to focus on devices that mimic natural systems and by 1957 he had perceived a converse to the standard view of biophysics at that time, a view he would come to call biomimetics.*

*.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomimetic

bionics

FIRST COINED最初撰词

bionics最早由Jack E. Steele于1958年提出。

Jack E. Steele,1958

The word bionic was coined by Jack E. Steele in 1958, possibly originating from the technical term bion (pronounced bee-on) (from Ancient Greek: βίος), meaning 'unit of life' and the suffix -ic, meaning 'like' or 'in the manner of', hence 'like life'. Some dictionaries, however, explain the word as being formed as a portmanteau from biology + electronics.*

*.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionics

1957

The word 'bionic'first coinedby Jack Steele

1974 The word biomimeticsmade its first public appearance in Webster’s dictionary*

1970

The word 'biomimetics'first coinedby Otto Schmitt

BRIEF INTRODUCTION历程（biomimetics，bionics）

*.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomimetic

Definition:‘biomimetics’

vs‘bionics’

两个单词定义区别

BIONICS:a science concerned with the application of data about the functioning of biological systems to the solution of engineering problems[1]

BIOMIMETICS:the study of the formation, structure, or function of biologically produced substances and materials (as enzymes or silk) and biological mechanisms and processes (as protein synthesis or photosynthesis) especially for the purpose of synthesizing similar products by artificial mechanisms which mimic natural ones [2]

[1]http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bionics[2]http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/biomimetics

"Biomimetics" and "Bionics" in China

Insert these words as keywords and search relevant literature in CNKI*,we can get scholars‘ study of this field in China.

http://www.cnki.net/

*CNKI: China National Knowledge Infrastructure

"Biomimetics" in CNKI

Picture source:.http://epub.cnki.net/kns/brief/default_result.aspx

Word: biomimeticsNumber of search results: 84First public appearance in CNKI: 1993source：复合材料报

Acta Materiae Compositae SinicaName of first literature: 生物复合材料的特征及仿生的探讨

The characteristics of biomaterials and biomimetics of composite materialsAuthor of first literature: 曾其蕴（中国科学院应用生态所，沈阳）

Zeng Qiyun(Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica)Key words of first literature: 生物材料，仿生学，功能适应性，创伤愈合

biomaterial, bionics, functional adaptability, self-healing of trauma

"Biomimetics" in CNKI

Picture source:.http://www.cnki.net/

The publication where the word "biomimetics" first appears in public.

"Bionics" in CNKI

Picture source:.http://epub.cnki.net/kns/brief/default_result.aspx

Word: bionicsNumber of search results: 563First public appearance in CNKI: 1981source：科学学与科学技术管理

Science of Science and Management of S.&T.Name of first literature:科学管理仿生初探

An Initial Study on Science Research Management BionicsAuthor of first literature:张景晨（吉林省社会科学院）

Zhang Jingchen(Jilin Academy of Social Sciences)Key words of first literature:科学管理，仿生，科学劳动，蜂群，系统控制

Science Research Management, Bionics, Bee, system control

"Bionics" in CNKI

Picture source:.http://epub.cnki.net/

The publication where the word "bionics" first appears in public.

"Bionic" in CNKI

Picture source:.http://epub.cnki.net/kns/brief/default_result.aspx

Word: bionicNumber of search results: 2078source：厦门大学学报（自然科学版）

Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science)First public appearance in CNKI: 1980Name of first literature:论昆虫复眼的仿生学问题

On Some Bionic Problems of the Compound Eyes of the InsectsAuthor of first literature:石之琅(厦门大学物理系)

Shi Zhilang (Department of Physics, Xiamen University)Key words of first literature:透视镜，昆虫复眼，仿生学

Photoscope, Compound Eyes of the Insects, Bionic

"Bionic" in CNKI

Picture source:.http://epub.cnki.net/

The publication where the word "bionic" first appears in public.

One Interesting LiteratureConception and evolvement of bionics

Picture source:.http://epub.cnki.net/

岑海堂.仿生学概念及其演变.[J]机械设计.2007,07Cen Haitang. Conception and Evolvement of Bionic. [J]. Journal of Machine Design. 2007,07

One Interesting Literature

Picture source:.Conception and Evolvement of Bionic.Cen Haitang.Journal of Machine Design.2007.07

The name of this paper which is given by the author is Conception and Evolvement of Bionic .But from the text, you can find that what he wants to analyze is "biomimetics" or "biomimicry“, not "bionics".

CONCLUSION"Biomimetics" and "Bionics" in China

In China,"仿生"always translates as "bionic" or "bionics". But we also translate "biomimetics" as "仿生". Scholars have not distinguish these words clearly though these words have different meanings.

We need to create Chinese words to express these terms correctly!

THANKS FOR TOUR ATTENTION