biomin mycotoxin survey · art_nr09_myc_en_0214_kna biomin mycotoxin survey a summary of the major...
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M Y C OF IXMYC
OTOXIN RISK
M
A N A G E M
EN
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BIOMIN Mycotoxin SurveyA summary of the major threats
Karin Nährer & Paula KovalskyProduct Manager , Mycotoxin Risk Management
BIOMIN Mycotoxin Survey
Karin Nährer
Paula Kovalsky Product Managers Mycotoxin Risk Management
A s u m m a r y o f t h e m a j o r t h r e a t s
2
From January to December 2013, a total of 4,218 samples were collected worldwide and analysed for the presence of myco-toxins. In total, more than 16,300 single analyses were carried out for the most im-
portant mycotoxins in terms of agriculture and animal production. � ese were a� atoxins (A� a), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FUM) and ochratoxin A (OTA). Samples were analysed by
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Only single commodities were analysed by ELISA.
Overall resultsIn the more than 4,200 samples analysed world-
wide, A� a were present in 30%, ZEN in 37%, DON in 59%, FUM in 55% and OTA in 23% of all samples (Table 1).
Table 1. Overview of worldwide survey results (2012 and 2013)
Global resultsAfl a2012
Afl a2013
ZEN2012
ZEN2013
DON2012
DON2013
FUM2012
FUM2013
OTA2012
OTA2013
Number of tests 2,636 2,839 3,320 3,470 3,712 3,931 2,570 2,699 2,230 2,459
Percent positive (%)
25 30 46 37 64 59 56 55 31 23
Average of positives (µg/kg)
34 33 251 133 1,088 770 1,350 1,421 5 10
Maximum (µg/kg)
6,323 1,563 9,854 5,324 30,200 29,267 42,120 26,828 170 595
Commodity tested
Ground-nut cake
MaizeCorn
Gluten Meal
Maize Maize Barley MaizeDried
Distiller’s Grains
MaizeFinished
Feed
Source country Myanmar China China China USA China Malaysia US India Spain
■ <limit of detection ■ 1 mycotoxin ■ more than 1 mycotoxin
Figure 1. Global co-occurrence of mycotoxinsMycotoxins are a large and growing family produced by different fungi. Analytical tools have so far identifi ed more than 1,000 different mycotoxins. Afl atoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins and ochratoxin A are still among the most researched and frequently occurring mycotoxins worldwide. As part of its approach towards mycotoxin risk management, BIOMIN provides regional insights into the occurrence of the most important mycotoxins in primary feedstuffs.
A s u m m a r y o f t h e m a j o r t h r e a t s
Co-occurrence
45%
19%
36%
B I O M I N M y c o t o x i n S u r v e y 3
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BIOMIN Mycotoxin SurveyA summary of the major threats
Distribution of mycotoxin contamination by risk levels
Field mycotoxins such as DON, FUM and ZEN were the most frequently occurring ones. � e risk levels of these mycotoxins were evaluated according to the percentage of samples in the di� erent contamination ranges.
Important results were gained in this survey especially in the case of the type B-trichothecene DON. Of all the
surveyed samples, 42.5% showed a DON contamina-tion above 200 µg/kg which represents a medium risk level for pigs. Of all the feed samples, 12.5% were above the EU guidance values for DON (900 µg/kg) in com-plementary and complete feedstu� s for pigs (EC, 2006).
A clear concernFrom the mycotoxin survey results in which more
than 4,200 samples worldwide were investigated, it is clear that mycotoxins are a topic of concern in animal feed and multi-mycotoxin occurrence continues to be a threat. Constant monitoring and continued research on the prevention and mitigation of mycotoxin contamina-tion are therefore necessary.
A � rst step towards preventing the negative e� ects of these harmful substances is the application of good agricultural practices and storage conditions. An e� ective mycotoxin risk management program is also important in order to protect animals from the negative e� ects of mycotoxins on health and performance.
Figure 2. Prevalence of mycotoxins in different geographic regions according to percentage of positive samples (>limits of quantifi cation).
General fi ndings• More than half of all worldwide samples contain
DON and FUM (Table 1).
• Corn was found to contain the highest concentrations of singly occurring Afl a and ZEN in addition to FUM in corn DDGS.
• In half of all samples, more than one mycotoxin was detected. Multi-mycotoxin occurrence is a challenge due to its potential synergistic effects in animals (Figure 1).
Afl a 26%ZEN 9%DON 33%FUM 55%OTA 2%N
ort
h A
mer
ica
Afl a 32%ZEN 34%DON 87%FUM 86%*
OTA 40%
No
rth
ern
Eu
rop
e
Afl a 29%ZEN 26%DON 66%FUM 36%OTA 28%
Cen
tral
Eu
rop
e
Afl a 27%ZEN 23%DON 56%FUM 49%OTA 37%
East
ern
Eu
rop
e
Afl a 59%ZEN 49%DON 34%FUM 65%OTA 25%
Sou
th-E
ast
Asi
a
Afl a 14%ZEN 57%DON 79%FUM 47%OTA 15%
No
rth
Asi
a
Afl a 12%ZEN 39%DON 33%FUM 76%OTA 2%
Sou
th A
mer
ica
Afl a 67%ZEN 26%DON 67%FUM 78%OTA 56%
Afr
ica
Afl a 0%ZEN 0%DON 10%FUM 92%OTA 3%So
uth
Afr
ica
Afl a 55%ZEN 18%DON 50%FUM 71%OTA 46%
Sou
ther
n E
uro
pe
Afl a 30%ZEN 19%DON 46%FUM 78%OTA 31%
Mid
dle
Eas
tAfl a 59%ZEN 26%DON 36%FUM 57%OTA 55%
Sou
th A
sia
Afl a 4%ZEN 19%DON 24%FUM 16%OTA 13%
Oce
ania
* High prevalence of FUM found in samples originating from UK.
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