biomolecules biologically important molecules organic compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and...
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Biomolecules
•Biologically important molecules
•Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
–Make incredible shapes
•Polymers- large molecules made up of repeated units of smaller molecules called monomers
HH
H
H
C
Structural formula Ball-and-stick model
Space-filling model
Models of Methane
Carbohydrates
• Sugars
• Monomer =(CH2O)n
• Monosaccharides:Glucose
• Oligosaccharides: Sucrose
• Polysaccharides: Cellulose
• Energy storage and structure
glucose fructose
sucrose+ H2O
Cellulose chains Starch chain
cellulose
amylose (a starch)
glycogen
Lipids
• Fats and oils
• Monomer = CH2
• Fats 1,2 or 3 fatty acids attached to glycerol
• Sterols- Cholesterol, Steroids
• Waxes- Beeswax
• Used for waterproofing, insulation and cell membranes
Figure 2.21cPage 29
stearic acid oleic acid linolenic acid
three fatty-acid tails
glycerol
triglyceride
+ 3H20
hydrophobic tails
hydrophilichead
two hydrophobic tails
hydrophilichead
cell membrane section
one layerof lipids
one layerof lipids
Sterol backbone
Cholesterol
Proteins
• Monomer= Amino Acid
• Enzymes- Catalyze metabolic reactions
• Transport proteins- move things across membranes
• Structural proteins-keep the structure of cells
Amino group (basic)
Carboxyl group (acidic)
R group (20 kinds with distinct properties)
alanine (ala)
valine (val)
tryptophan (trp)
methionine (met)
proline (pro)
Linear primary structure
onepeptidegroup
Tertiary structureSecondary
structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
heme group
helically coiledglobin molecule
alpha chain
beta chain alpha chain
beta chain
Nucleic Acids
• Monomer: Nucleotide– ATP is a Nucleotide
• Molecules of inheritance: hold the code for how to make proteins
• Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid- DNA
• Ribose Nucleic Acid- RNA
nitrogen-containing
baseBall-and-stick model of ATP
3 phosphate groups
sugar
Adenine(a base)
Thymine
Guanine Cytosine
phosphate group
sugar (deoxyribose)
Single strand of DNA or RNA
sugar
phosphateconnected bycovalent bond
base
hydrogen bonding between bases
covalent bonding in carbon backbone