Universidad de Salamanca

Facultad de Biología

Biblioteca

Bionoticias Diciembre (3ª) de 2014

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índice

Biología 4

Biomedicina 8

Biotecnología 11

Neurociencia 17

.Biología

La domesticación del caballo tuvo su

precio genético

Hace 5.500 años que el ser humano

comenzó a utilizar a los caballos para

el transporte y el trabajo. Desde

entonces, estos animales han

experimentado cambios en su

genoma, que ahora un equipo

científico ha logrado descifrar. La

Los árboles tropicales no crecen más

a pesar del aumento de CO2

El aumento del CO2 en la atmósfera

registrado en los últimos 150 años no

ha provocado un mayor crecimiento

de los árboles tropicales, como se

pensaba. Una investigación ha

analizado los anillos de los troncos de

diversas especies arbóreas

Cerca del 50% del fósforo que se

emite a la atmósfera proviene de la

actividad humana

Un equipo internacional de

investigadores ha realizado el balance

más realista hecho hasta el momento

del fósforo atmosférico en el planeta.

Durante décadas se había pensado

que la actividad humana sólo

aportaba un 5% del fósforo que

Detienen en Tenerife a una persona

con 21 ejemplares de un ave única de

Canarias

La Guardia Civil ha incautado más de

una veintena de pinzones azules de

Tenerife que

un individuo pretendía trasladar de

forma ilegal desde el aeropuerto

Reina Sofía a Italia. El pinzón azul es

una especie presente únicamente en

Identifican las mejores plantas del

cardo utilizado en la elaboración de la

Torta del Casar

Cynara cardunculus es uno de los

agentes fundamentales en la

elaboración del queso Torta del Casar

DO. Una nueva técnica desarrollada

por la Universidad de

Extremadura permite, no solo

diferenciar el Cynara cardunculus del

¿En el umbral de la píldora definitiva

contra la obesidad?

Unos investigadores del Instituto de

Células Madre de la Universidad

Harvard en Cambridge,

Massachusetts, Estados Unidos, han

efectuado lo que describen como el

primer paso hacia una píldora capaz

de ejercer el mismo efecto que el

La tecnología de microondas impide

que la fruta con hueso se pudra

Una investigación española, liderada

por el centro de Investigación y

Tecnología Agroalimentarias (IRTA)

en Cataluña, demuestra que los

melocotones infectados con el hongo

Monilinia no se pudren si son

tratados con microondas. Tras tres

Un megaestudio genético dibuja el

árbol familiar de aves, reptiles y

dinosaurios

Después de cuatro años de trabajo, un

consorcio internacional de más de

200 científicos ha trazado el mapa

filogenético de las aves modernas. El

estudio resuelve incógnitas sobre las

diferencias en el canto, cuándo

perdieron los

Detectan altas acumulaciones de

insecticidas en peces de río

Un estudio, con participación

española, ha permitido detectar por

primera vez elevadas concentraciones

de insecticidas piretroides en el tejido

de diferentes especies de peces de

cuatro ríos españoles. Los efectos de

estos contaminantes

¿Tienen las mujeres más neuronas

olfativas que los hombres?

La capacidad para identificar olores

varía mucho de una persona a otra.

Más importante aún es el hecho de

que hombres y mujeres difieren

grandemente en cómo perciben los

olores, superando las mujeres a los

hombres en muchos tipos

Descubierto un nuevo tipo de célula

madre pluripotente para la medicina

regenerativa

Desde 2006 los científicos saben

cómo reprogramar células maduras

para convertirlas en cualquier célula

especializada del organismo, un logro

que ha revolucionado la medicina

Revelaciones sobre la historia

evolutiva de los mamíferos gracias a

un cráneo fósil de la era de los

dinosaurios

El sorprendente descubrimiento de un

cráneo fosilizado de una criatura con

una antigüedad de entre 66 y 70

millones de años, con cierto parecido

a la marmota de América, encontrado

en Madagascar, ha llevado a nuevos

Las crías de lince ibérico marcan los

huesos de conejo igual que sus

progenitores

Las marcas observadas en los restos

fósiles pueden ser de origen humano

o animal. Un experimento realizado

por el IPHES ha permitido demostrar

que las marcas halladas en huesos de

Pollos y pavos, los herederos aviares

actuales de los dinosaurios

En los últimos años, ha aumentado de

forma considerable la cantidad de

evidencias de que los pájaros

descienden de un tipo de dinosaurios.

A través de numerosos estudios, se ha

determinado, entre otras muchas

coincidencias, que

Un megaestudio genético dibuja el

árbol familiar de aves, reptiles y

dinosaurios

Después de cuatro años de trabajo, un

consorcio internacional de más de

200 científicos ha trazado el mapa

filogenético de las aves modernas. El

estudio resuelve incógnitas sobre las

diferencias en el canto, cuándo

perdieron los

.Biomedicina

Determinan los factores de riesgo

asociados al chagas en mujeres

embarazadas

Investigadores de Japón, EE UU y El

Salvador han profundizado por

primera vez en los factores de riesgo

asociados a la enfermedad de Chagas

en mujeres embarazadas

salvadoreñas: la edad menor de 35

años y la anemia. Por ello,

Las áreas verdes y azules tienen

efectos beneficiosos en el desarrollo

del comportamiento infantil

Un nuevo estudio confirma que los

espacios naturales tienen un impacto

positivo en el comportamiento de los

niños. El trabajo se basó en una

muestra de 2.111 niños en edad

escolar, de 7 a 10 años, de 36

escuelas de Barcelona.

Un nuevo método muestra cómo se

propagan las oscilaciones alfa

cerebrales

Un estudio revela un nuevo

método para captar la actividad alfa

cerebral que combina el

electroencefalograma con

el modelado biofísico. Hasta ahora no

se había llegado a un consenso en

cuanto a la velocidad de propagación

de las ondas

Descubierto un nuevo tipo de célula

madre pluripotente para la medicina

regenerativa

Desde 2006 los científicos saben

cómo reprogramar células maduras

para convertirlas en cualquier célula

especializada del organismo, un logro

que ha revolucionado la medicina

personalizada. Ahora, al explorar los

Ha nacido Muba, el primer cordero

fruto de un trasplante de útero

Una oveja ha dado luz en Cáceres al

primer cordero nacido de un útero

trasplantado. Se llama Muba y se

encuentra en perfecto estado de salud.

Variantes de un producto natural,

candidatos a fármaco contra la

malaria

Investigadores del IRB Barcelona

identifican una familia de moléculas

eficaces y selectivas para combatir el

parásito Plasmodium, causante de la

El 90% de los comedores escolares

sirve menús para alumnos con

alergias

Un estudio elaborado por la Agencia

de Salud Pública de Barcelona ha

detectado que el 89% de los centros

escolares de la ciudad catalana sirven

ya menús especiales para alumnos

con alergias o intolerancias

alimentarias. Sin embargo,

El índice glucémico está relacionado

con la rigidez arterial

Un nuevo estudio muestra una clara

relación entre dos parámetros que

hasta ahora se habían vinculado con

enfermedades cardiovasculares por

separado: el índice glucémico, que

mide la glucosa tras la ingesta de

Identifican genes implicados en la

regeneración de tejido cardíaco del

pez cebra

El trabajo, en el que participa la

Universidad de Sevilla, ha permitido

identificar los genes expresados en la

espuesta a lesiones cardiovasculares

en un organismo modelo como es el

pez cebra. Los resultados, publicados

en BMC Genomics,

.Biotecnología

Las células senescentes juegan un

papel esencial en la curación de

heridas

Un estudio del Instituto Buck,

Estados Unidos, destaca la capacidad

para hacer frente a un efecto

secundario potencial de los fármacos.

Un biomarcador permite predecir la

respuesta a la terapia con interferón-

beta en esclerosis múltiple

La colaboración con otros centros

mejora la accesibilidad al tratamiento

y la calidad de vida.

Una guía para conocer todos los

secretos de la reprogramación celular

Estudios que desvelan nuevos

detalles sobre los eventos que hacen

posible la reprogramación celular

para alcanzar el estado de

pluripotencialidad.

Molecular tag team revealed to

control cell division

Scientists have explored the role of

three molecules in controlling the

process of cell division in a bid to

gain new insight into the transmission

of vital signals from a cell's exterior

to its interior. The researchers show

that the three protein

Nutrient availability can cause whole-

genome recoding

The availability of a trace nutrient

can cause genome-wide changes to

how organisms encode proteins,

report scientists. The use of the

nutrient -- which is produced by

bacteria and absorbed in the gut --

appears to boost the speed and

Reshaping the horse through

millennia: Sequencing reveals genes

selected by humans in domestication

Whole genome sequencing of modern

and ancient horses unveils the genes

that have been selected by humans in

the process of domestication through

the last 5,500 years, but also reveals

the cost of this domestication. An

international

Squid supplies blueprint for printable

thermoplastics

Squid, what is it good for? You can

eat it and you can make ink or dye

from it, and now a team of

researchers is using it to make a

thermoplastic that can be used in 3-D

printing.

Molecular 'hats' allow in vivo

activation of disguised signaling

peptides

When someone you know is wearing

an unfamiliar hat, you might not

recognize them. Researchers are

using just such a disguise to sneak

biomaterials containing peptide

signaling molecules into living

animals.

Cell biologists discover on-off switch

for key stem cell gene

A new study by cell and systems

biologists investigating stem cells in

mice shows, for the first time, a

relationship between the Sox2 gene

which is critical for early

Control knob for fat?

Researchers found a new function for

a long-studied gene: it appears to

regulate fat storage in C. elegans. A

version of the protein, which exists in

humans, also regulates protein

production in the cell, raising the

Oil-dwelling bacteria are social

creatures in Earth's deep biosphere

Oil reservoirs are scattered deep

inside the Earth like far-flung islands

in the ocean, so their inhabitants

might be expected to be very

different, but a new study shows

these underground microbes are

Mitochondrial research: New studies

build on 60 years of work

New research was built on a mission

to determine, bit by bit, how

mitochondria -- the power plants of

cells -- generate the energy required

to sustain life. What these researchers

Reasons for malaria's drug resistance

discovered

Scientists have discovered, in a

breakthrough study, exactly how the

malaria parasite is developing

resistance towards the most important

front-line drugs used to treat the

disease. Malaria is a mosquito-borne

3-D maps of folded genome: Catalog

of 10,000 loops reveals new form of

genetic regulation

In a triumph for cell biology,

researchers have assembled the first

high-resolution, 3-D maps of entire

folded genomes and found a

structural basis for gene regulation --

Sharing that crowded holiday flight

with countless hitchhiking dust mites

As if holiday travel isn't stressful

enough. Now researchers say we're

likely sharing that already

overcrowded airline cabin with

countless tiny creatures including

house dust mites.

Blocking receptor in brain's immune

cells counters Alzheimer's in mice

The mass die-off of nerve cells in the

brains of people with Alzheimer's

disease may largely occur because an

entirely different class of brain cells,

called microglia, begin to fall down

on the job, according to a new study.

The

New way to turn genes on

discovered: Technique allows rapid,

large-scale studies of gene function

Using a gene-editing system

originally developed to delete

specific genes, researchers have now

shown that they can reliably turn on

any gene of their choosing in living

cells. The findings are expected to

help researchers refine and

New drug proves effective against

antibiotic-resistant 'superbugs'

A new treatment is far more effective

than traditional antibiotics at

inhibiting the growth of drug-

resistant bacteria, including so-called

'superbugs' resistant to almost all

existing antibiotics, which plague

hospitals and nursing homes. The

Cells can use dynamic patterns to

pluck signals from noise

Scientists have discovered a general

principle for how cells could

accurately transmit chemical signals

Biologists map crocodilian genomes

Understanding the crocodilian

genome can help scientists better

understand birds. The DNA in

alligators, crocodiles and gharials is

about 93 percent identical across the

Human DNA shows traces of 40-

million-year battle for survival

between primate and pathogen

Examination of DNA from 21

primate species – from squirrel

monkeys to humans – exposes an

evolutionary war against infectious

bacteria over iron that circulates in

Ebola virus may replicate in an exotic

way

Researchers ran biochemical analysis

and computer simulations of a

livestock virus to discover a likely

and exotic mechanism to explain the

replication of related viruses such as

Ebola, measles and rabies. The

mechanism may be a

Is that Ginkgo biloba supplement

really what you think it is?

A new study has investigated the use

of DNA barcoding to test the

authenticity of Ginkgo biloba, an

herbal dietary supplement sold to

consumers that is purported to boost

cognitive capacity.

Human exposure to metal cadmium

may accelerate cellular aging

The metal cadmium has been the

focus of new study that finds that

higher human exposure can lead to

significantly shorter telomeres, bits of

DNA at the ends of chromosomes

that are associated with

cardiovascular disease, diabetes and

other

Sampling rivers for genes rather than

organisms

Effective environmental management

depends on a detailed knowledge of

the distribution of species. But

taxonomists are in short supply, and

some species can be difficult to

identify, even for experts. Scientists

are now pursuing a new

Breakthrough solves centuries-old

animal evolution mystery

Researchers have developed a

method for spying on the activity of

every gene within a cell at once. The

breakthrough allows them to

determine the order in which the

three layers of cells in animal

embryos evolved. Other applications

Analogues of a natural product are

drug candidates against malaria

Two analogues of borrelidin were

found to cure 100 percent of infected

mice and produce immunological

memory in these animals, a property

not previously observed in an

antimalarial drug. Growing resistance

to current treatment for

Yeast are first cells known to cure

themselves of prions

Yeast cells can sometimes reverse the

protein misfolding and clumping

associated with diseases such as

Alzheimer's, according to new

research. The finding contradicts the

idea that once prion proteins have

changed into the shape

Solid-state proteins maximize

intensity of fluorescent-protein-based

lasers

The same research team that

developed the first laser based on a

living cell has shown that use of

fluorescent proteins in a solid form

rather than in solution greatly

increases the intensity of light

produced, an accomplishment that

takes

Turning biological cells to stone

improves cancer, stem cell research

Near-perfect replications of human

and animal cells enables improved

study of certain cancers and stem

cells, as well as the creation of

complex durable objects without

machinery, scientists report. A new

technique to transmute living cells

Injectable 3-D vaccines could fight

cancer, infectious diseases

A non-surgical injection of

programmable biomaterial that

spontaneously assembles in vivo into

a 3-D structure could fight and even

help prevent cancer and also

infectious disease such as HIV,

scientists have demonstrated. Tiny

A pill for obesity? Stem cell scientists

convert white fat to brown fat

Researchers have taken what they are

describing as 'the first step toward a

pill that can replace the treadmill' for

the control of obesity -- though it, of

course, would not provide all the

additional benefits of exercise. The

researchers have

.Neurociencia

Virtual bodyswapping diminishes

people's negative biases about others

Researchers explain how they have

used the brain's ability to bring

together information from different

senses to make white people feel that

they were inhabiting black bodies and

adults feel like they had children's

bodies. The results

Therapeutic strategy may treat

childhood neurological disorder

A possible therapy to treat

neurofibromatosis type 1 or NF1, a

childhood neurological disease

characterized by learning deficits and

autism, has been discovered by

scientists. "Children with

neurofibromatosis have a high

incidence

Neuronal circuits filter out

distractions in brain

Scientists have hypothesized for

decades about how the brain filters

out distractions, but it has been

challenging to find evidence to

support the theories. Now,

researchers have identified a neural

circuit in the mouse brain that

controls

Neurons listen to glia cells

A new signal pathway in the brain

has been discovered that plays an

important role in learning and the

processing of sensory input. It was

already known that distinct glial cells

receive information from neurons.

However, it was unknown

Parkinson's patients identify balance,

anxiety among top 10 research

priorities

Patients with Parkinson's, medics and

carers have identified the top ten

priorities for research into the

management of the condition. People

with personal experience of the

condition worked together to identify

crucial gaps in the

Show us how you play and it may tell

us who you are

The way in which toys are handled

and combined with one another

during object play can tell use a lot

about the cognitive underpinnings of

the actors. An international team of

scientists studied parrot species, as

well as crow species,

Signaling mechanism could be target

for survival, growth of tumor cells in

brain cancer

Neurology researchers have identified

an important cell signaling

mechanism that plays an important

role in brain cancer and may provide

a new therapeutic target. The

researchers found that this

mechanism -- a type of signaling

termed

Baby cells learn to communicate

using the lsd1 gene

Infant cells have to go through a

developmental process that involves

specific genes before they can take

part in the group interactions that

underlie normal cellular development

Research into aggression reveals new

insights

A new study is underway to learn

more about aggression. "This is a

really ambitious project, but I am

hopeful that by looking at the areas of

the brain and genes linked to

Immune cells in brain respond to fat

in diet, causing mice to eat

Immune cells perform a previously

unsuspected role in the brain that may

contribute to obesity, according to a

new study. When researchers fed

mice a diet high in saturated milk

Patient awakes from post-traumatic

minimally conscious state after

administration of depressant drug

A patient who had suffered a

traumatic brain injury unexpectedly

recovered full consciousness after the

administration of midazolam, a mild

depressant drug of the GABA A

Are you genetically predisposed to

antisocial behaviour?

Both positive and negative

experiences influence how genetic

variants affect the brain and thereby

behavior, according to a new study.

“Evidence is accumulating to show

that the effects of variants of many

genes that are common in the

New way to diagnose brain damage

from concussions, strokes, and

dementia

New optical diagnostic technology

promises new ways to identify and

monitor brain damage resulting from

traumatic injury, stroke or vascular

dementia—in real time and without

invasive procedures.

Progesterone offers no significant

benefit in traumatic brain injury

clinical trial

Treatment of acute traumatic brain

injury with the hormone progesterone

provides no significant benefit to

patients when compared with

placebo, a phase III clinical trial has

concluded.

Novel fMRI technique identifies

HIV-associated cognitive decline

before symptoms occur

A five-minute functional MRI test

can pick up neuronal dysfunction in

HIV-positive individuals who don't

yet exhibit cognitive decline, say

neuroscientists and clinicians. The

issue of neural dysfunction in the

HIV-positive population is

Myelin linked to speedy recovery of

human visual system after tumor

removal

An interdisciplinary team of

neuroscientists and neurosurgeons

has used a new imaging technique to

show how the human brain heals

itself in just a few weeks following

surgical removal of a brain tumor.

The team found that recovery of

Cognitive training can improve brain

performance of students in poverty

The cognitive effects of poverty can

be mitigated during middle school

with a targeted intervention,

according to researchers who, for the

first time, examined the efficacy of

cognitive training in a large and

diverse group of 7th and 8th

Obese children's brains more

responsive to sugar

The brains of obese children literally

light up differently when tasting

sugar, a new study has found. This

elevated sense of "food reward" --

which involves being motivated by

food and deriving a good feeling

from it -- could mean some

Parkinson's disease: Study focuses on

regulation of dopamine levels

A mechanism regulating dopamine

levels in the brain has been revealed

by a study on a mouse model of late

onset Parkinson's disease. Using gene

expression profiling, a method to

measure the activity of thousands of

genes, researchers

Important gene interaction defined

that drives aggressive brain cancer

Targeted therapies are a growing and

groundbreaking field in cancer care in

which drugs or other substances are

designed to interfere with genes or

molecules that control the growth and

Discovery of novel drug target may

lead to better treatment for

schizophrenia

A novel drug target that could lead to

the development of better

antipsychotic medications has been

discovered by researchers. Current

treatment for patients with

Saving old information can boost

memory for new information

The simple act of saving something,

such as a file on a computer, may

improve our memory for the

information we encounter next,

according to new research. The

research suggests that the act of

Fructose and glucose: Brain reward

circuits respond differently to two

kinds of sugar

New information suggests the brain

responds differently to different

sugars, and that one type could be

connected with overeating. Brain

responses to fructose, a simple sugar

Hepatitis C ruled out as cause of

mental impairment in HIV patients

Advances in treatment for human

immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have

made it possible for people with HIV

to survive much longer. As they age,

however, many experience impaired

Roller coaster rides trigger stroke in

young boy

Riding a couple roller coasters at an

amusement park appears to have

triggered an unusual stroke in a 4-

year-old boy, according to a report.

Distraction, if consistent, does not

hinder learning

A new study challenges the idea that

distraction is necessarily a problem

for learning. Researchers found that if

attention was as divided during recall

of a motor task as it was during

learning the task, people performed

as if there were

One in six Ontario adults say they've

had a traumatic brain injury in their

lifetime

Nearly 17 percent of adults surveyed

in Ontario said they have suffered a

traumatic brain injury that left them

unconscious for five minutes or

required them to be hospitalized

Early identification of modifiable risk

factors for cognitive decline

Researchers now believe it's possible

that risk factors for cognitive decline

may show up long before diseases

such as Alzheimer's develop. In a

new study, scientists found that clues

such as high blood pressure are often

present in mid-

Blocking receptor in brain's immune

cells counters Alzheimer's in mice

The mass die-off of nerve cells in the

brains of people with Alzheimer's

disease may largely occur because an

entirely different class of brain cells,

called microglia, begin to fall down

on the job, according to a new study.

Brain scans link frontal abnormalities

to suicidal behaviors in adolescents,

young adults

Scientists are closer to understanding

how suicidal thoughts and behaviors

are generated. According to a study,

reduced integrity of white matter in

key frontal brain systems that control

emotion, motivation and memory was

observed in a of

Sleep disturbance linked to amyloid

in brain areas affected by Alzheimer's

disease

Disturbed sleep could be an early

target in preventing cognitive deficits

later in life according to a study.

Amyloid, a protein which is elevated

in the brains of Alzheimer's Disease

patients, was found in higher

concentrations in the brains of

Prenatal exposure to common

household chemicals linked with

substantial drop in child IQ

Children exposed during pregnancy

to elevated levels of two common

chemicals found in the home -- di-n-

butyl phthalate and di-isobutyl

phthalate -- had an IQ score, on

average, more than six points lower

than children exposed at lower

Smoothing the path to an independent

life: Virtual reality based training

systems boost cognitive functions

Virtual reality is a powerful tool to

simulate real-life environments and

situations. Scientists are exploring the

medium as a way to help people with

Revolutionary new procedure for

epilepsy diagnosis unlocked by

research

Pioneering new research could

revolutionize global diagnostic

procedures for one of the most

common forms of epilepsy, scientists

Multiple, short learning sessions

strengthen memory formation in

fragile X syndrome

A learning technique that maximizes

the brain's ability to make and store

memories may help overcome

cognitive issues seen in fragile X

syndrome, a leading form of

intellectual disability, according to

neurobiologists.

Early results indicate potential for

focused ultrasound to treat OCD

The potential of focused ultrasound to

treat certain patients with obsessive-

compulsive disorder (OCD) has been

supported by new research. "There is

a need for non-invasive treatment

options for patients with OCD that

cannot be

Retina changes its 'language' with

changing brightness

The intricate nature of visual

responses has become more clear,

thanks to new research. The findings

may help to improve digital cameras

as well as visual prosthetics.

Robotic surgery technique to treat

previously inoperable head and neck

cancer tumors

In a groundbreaking new study,

researchers have for the first time

advanced a surgical technique

performed with the help of a robot to

successfully access a previously-

Brain inflammation a hallmark of

autism, large-scale analysis shows

While many different combinations

of genetic traits can cause autism,

brains affected by autism share a

pattern of ramped-up immune

responses, an analysis of data from

autopsied human brains reveals. The

study included data from 72

Even in our digital age, early parental

writing support is key to children's

literacy

Children of the Information Age are

inundated with written words

streaming across smartphone, tablet,

and laptop screens. A new study says

that preschoolers should be

encouraged to write at a young age --

even before they make their first

Possible genetic link found in

treatment-related cognitive issues in

children with leukemia

Common variations in four genes

related to brain inflammation or cells'

response to damage from oxidation

may contribute to the problems with

memory, learning and other cognitive

functions seen in children treated for

acute lymphoblastic

.

Brain tumor: Key found for

suppression of growth in

medulloblastomas

A key factor that can suppress

medulloblastoma, the most frequent

child brain tumor, has been identified

by researchers. Medulloblastoma is

the most common brain tumor in

children, and its treatment remains

inefficient. The work opens

Paying attention makes touch-sensing

brain cells fire rapidly and in sync

Whether we’re paying attention to

something we see can be discerned

by monitoring the firings of specific

groups of brain cells. Now, new work

shows that the same holds true for the

sense of touch. The study brings

researchers

First gene associated with familial

glioma identified

A gene associated with familial

glioma -- brain tumors that appear in

two or more members of the same

family -- has been identified by an

international consortium of

researchers, providing new support

that certain people may be

Two studies unveil seizure prediction

models in critically ill children

In a pair of studies, researchers

describe innovative models for

predicting seizure occurrence in

critically ill children.

Epilepsy, driving regulations

explored in three studies

People with epilepsy often struggle

with limited independence due to

state and federal driving restrictions.

New studies nalyze potential factors

that impair driving in people with

epilepsy and in people who

experience "seizure-like" non

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Universidad de Salamanca. Campus Miguel de Unamuno

c/Donantes de Sangre s/n 37007 Salamanca

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