I THANK MR C.P PANDEY SIR FOR GIVING ME THIS OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE THIS PROJECT ON CARDIAC CELL TO CELL COMMUNICATION.

SUBMITTED BY : TANMAY SARDANAROLL NO : DTU/2K13/EP/074

THESE ARE THE VARIOUS DISCOVERIES IN THE RESEARCH OF CELL TO CELL COMMUNICATION THROUGH THE TIME.

STRUCRURE OF GAP JUNCTION CHANNELS

WHAT’s UNDERSTOOD SO FAR

MY INTERPRETATION

● Communication is done via a structure we all contain called dendrites. Dendrites are stimulated by neurotransmitters (chemicals) that pass through synapses (spaces between us) to connect to the other dendrites. THEY are protected by a coat called a myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is formed by Schwann cells, and glial cells that protects, provides support, insulation to allow efficient conductivity and nutrition to survive.

How do we actually communicate with each other?

● During stimulation the sodium gates on the membrane open causing it to become partially polarized as the sodium ions enter me.

● When the sodium gates close potassium channels open allowing potassium ions inside me to escape. This causes the outside to become positive again going back to its original polarity. This process is similar to the movement of a wave.

● The scientific term is known as action potential. Action potential can easily be described as the depolarization and polarization of the Neuron. This action potential is sent down the axon as an electrical charge towards the axon terminals. Once the charge reaches the terminals it stimulates the vesicle sacs getting them ready to pop.

● By popping they release the neurotransmitters into the synapse where it floats over to stimulate the dendrites on the neighbour i.e. neuron .

● When the auto-receptor on the axon terminal is stimulated it indicates that released enough neurotransmitters and this signals for the process to stop. There is an option to take back up the remaining neurotransmitter into vesicle sacs of the axon terminal to release them again.

SUMMARY

Neurons communicate through an electrochemical process. Sensory receptors interact with stimuli such as light, sound, temperature, and pain which is transformed into a code that is carried to the brain by a chain of neurons. Then systems of neurons in the brain interpret this information. The information is carried along axons and dendrites because of changes in

electrical properties which we call action potential. An action potential is initiated when a messenger attaches itself to a receptor. When that occurs, an electrical signal is triggered to be generated through the neuron. Once the signal reaches the end of an axon, which is at the end of a neuron, a neurotransmitter is released and the process repeats.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/brain1.htm

https://latishalawrence.wordpress.com/2013/10/18/communication-within-the-cells-of-ms-mousey/

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130924113458.htm

OXFORD JOURNALS : http://cardiovascres.oxfordjournals.org/content/102/2/281

YOUTUBE :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rPxyyWnC8eQ