Bioremediation of Pollutants

Bioremediation of Pollutants

Editors

D.K. Maheshwari R.C. Dubey

I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.NEW DELHI BANGALORE

Published by

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ISBN 978-93-81141-05-2

© 2012 I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

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Advances and advantages of the use of biological including microorganisms over other processes and procedure are not only eco-friendly but also have long lasting effects due to their sustainable approaches. Microbes and their interactions with innate microbial community dynamics greatly influence natural bioremedial processing occurring in soil and water. Due to the efficacy of selected microbial strains or microbial consortia together with molecular manipulations, it has now become a cost-effective and more eco-friendly approach for restoring better environmental quality. Nowadays, Government legislation is forcing the industrial houses to use more environment-friendly approaches so as to protect our ecosystem. Thus, the changing climate and environment has led to the need of sustainable use of natural resources.

Bioremediation is an important process nowadays used for abatement of toxic pollutants undesirable to different types of ecosystem. Petroleum and its hydrocarbons products in the form of waste, industrial plastic wastes, phenol and cyanide from industrial wastewater, azo textile dyes in the form of discharge from textile industries, heavy metal pollutants, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc. are a few of them hazardous to various components of ecosystem. Microorganisms are ubiquitous due to their versatile habit and habitat. Many species of microbes are responsible for bioconversion and biotransformation of waste into various value-added products for the betterment of life of human beings, while urbanization, industrialization and increase in population are responsible for degradation of environment. Various microorganisms are involved and are able to degrade solid waste, liquid effluents generated in industries containing heavy metals pollution, arsenic in groundwater and petroleum products entering as oil pollutants due to oilspills in the marine environment. Microorganisms have a major role in the management of pathogens and parasites besides acting as source for providing sustainable benefits. Thus, the microorganisms in the form of bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria, etc. are of prime importance in strengthening our knowledge on environment.

This book covers the current developments in the field of environmental microbiology with emphasis on their emergence in industries. Expert scientists have contributed the chapters based on their long-term researches. All the chapters included in this book are devoted to management of environment through microbial actions. This book deals with various facets of bacteria, fungi, lichens and other forms, bestowed if exploited around the world in the maintenance of a healthy environment.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to all the authors, without their contributions this book would not have been possible. The contributions are indeed excellent.

D.K. Maheshwari

R.C. Dubey

Preface

Contents

Preface v

The Editors ix

Contributors xi

1. Bacterial Degradation of Phenol and Cyanide from Industrial Wastewater 1 Shailu Dalal, R.R. Pandey and R.C. Dubey

2. Bioremediation of Pesticides by Microorganisms: General Aspects andRecent Advances 24

Lakshmi Tewari, Jitendra Saini and Arti

3. Microbial Biodegradation—An Approach to Remediate Industrial Plastic Waste 50 Ravindra Soni and Reeta Goel

4. Lichen Biodeterioration Studies in India: An Overview 63 Rajesh Bajpai, D.K. Upreti, S. Nayaka and S.K. Dwivedi

5. Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils using Earthworms 74 Ayesha S. Ali, Iram Khan and Sharique A. Ali

6. Bioremediation and Cyanobacteria—An Overview 86 Kaushal Kishore Choudhary and Rajan Kumar Gupta

7. Role of Microbes in Bioremediation Technology 97 Ankita Shukla, S.K. Dwivedi and Deepak Agrahari

8. Microbial Removal of Arsenic: An Overview 112 Umesh P. Dhuldhaj, Naveen K. Sharma and Surendra Singh

9. Response of Ectomycorrhizal Pine Seedlings to Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil 128 T. Ajungla, G.D. Sharma and M.S. Dkhar

10. Exploitation of Actinobacteria in Environmental Bioremediation 150 D. Dhanasekaran

11. Ex situ and in situ Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Sites—An Integrative Approach Through Microbial Technology 175

Reena Das and Bhupendra N. Tiwary

12. Microbial Degradation of Keratin and Keratinases 204 Itisha Singh and R.K.S. Kushwaha

13. Rhizoremediation Mediated by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) 214 Avita K. Marihal, S.M. Pradeep, K.S. Jagadeesh and Sarita Sinha

viii Contents

14. Cyanobacteria: An Agent of Heavy Metal Removal 223 Jay Shankar Singh, D.P. Singh and Sonal Dixit

15. Unravelling the Potentiality of Microbial Inoculants inPhytonematode Management 244

Rakesh Pandey, Aakansha Gupta, Arun Mishra and Alok Kalra

16. Microbial Bioremediation of Azo Textile Dye 262 S.P. Gautam, A. Bose and S. Tiwari

17. Eco-friendly and Economically Viable Integrated NutrientManagement for Sustainable Agriculture 279

Sandeep Kumar, Pankaj Kumar, R.C. Dubey and D.K. Maheshwari

Index 299

D.K. Maheshwari started his teaching carrier as a lecturer in the Department of Botany, D.A.V. (PG) College, Muzaffarnagar and thereafter served as Reader in the Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal. He joined Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar as Professor in the year 1990 and served as Dean, Faculty of Life Science (2004-2006). Prof. Maheshwari is an active member of several scientific bodies of international repute and in the board of panels of various academic and administrative bodies including UPSC and NAAC of Govt. of India. He has been the Editor of the Journal of Indian Botanical Society and he was awardee of young scientist “Prof. Y.S. Murthy Medal” for his outstanding contribution.

As a young scientist, he was selected under UNESCO programmes and worked in Biological Research Center, Szeged (Hungary) in the year 1983-84 and also visited Czechoslovakia, Belgium, Holland, Germany, Japan and S. Korea. He was visiting Professor in Science University of Tokyo, in 1993 and 1998, and Guest Professor, in the University of Ulm (Germany). Prof. Maheshwari visited S. Korea in the year 2000, 2003 and 2006 and 2010 under bilateral scientific exchange programmes sponsored by Indian National Science Academy (INSA), New Delhi and National Research Foundation, Korea.

Prof. Maheshwari has many research papers (90) in leading peer-reviewed journals both Indian as well as foreign. More than 35 candidates have been awarded Doctorate (Ph.D.) degree under him. He has completed 12 major research projects sponsored by various funding agencies. Prof. Maheshwari is the editor of Microbes: Agriculture, Industry and Environment (2000) and Innovative Approaches in Microbiology (2002). He is co-author of Practical Microbiology (2004) and A Textbook of Microbiology (3rd edn., 2010) Biotechnological Applications of Microorganisms: A Techno-Commercial Approach (2006); Potential Microorganisms for Sustainable Agriculture (2008); Industrial Exploitation of Microorganisms (2009), Microbiology Monographs (V-16). Bacteria and Plant Health (2010). Springer, Heidelberg, Germany Book (volume), I. Bacteria in Agrobiology : Crop Ecosystem, II. Bacteria in Agrobiology : Plant Growth, Response III. Bacteria in Agrobiology : Plant Nutrient Management, IV. Bacteria in Agrobiology: Stress Management, V. Bacteria in Agrobiology : Disease Management and VI. Bacteria in Agrobiology : Plant Probiotics, has accepted their publications in the year 2010-2011 and member, Editorial Board, Korean J. Agric, Chem. and Biotechnology.

He is a Fellow of the Indian Botanical Society and Indian Phytopathological Society and Life Member of Indian Science Congress; Phytopathological Society of India; Botanical Society and Association of Microbiologists in India. He is nominated as Convenor “Science forum” from Uttarakhand Council for Science and Technology, Govt. of India, Dehradun.

The Editors

x The Editors

Professor R.C. Dubey, Dept. of Botany & Microbiology, earned M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from the Banaras Hindu University in 1981 and 1986, respectively. He served Kumaun University (Nainital) as lecturer from 1987 to 1996; thereafter, he joined Gurukul Kangri University (Haridwar) in 1996 as Reader. He joined as Professor in 2004.

His field of interest is soil microbiology and microbial biotechnology having expertise in biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens, mycorrhizae, Rhizosphere microbiology and botanical pesticides, besides enzymology and heavy metal toxicity. He has published more than 82 research and review papers in the national and international journals of repute. He has produced 16

Ph.Ds and is supervising several research students on varied aspects of microbiology. He has handles Research Projects sponsored by UGC, UCOST and CSIR. He has authored three books, viz., Practical Microbiology (2004), A Text Book of Biotechnology (4th edn., 2006) and A Textbook of Microbiology (3rd edn., 2010). He is also co-editor of Himalayan Microbial Diversity (1997); Microbes: Agriculture, Industry and Environment (2000); Innovative Approaches in Microbiology (2002); Biotechnological Applications of Microorganisms, A Techno-Commercial Approach (2006); Potential Microorganisms for Sustainable Agriculture (2008); Industrial Exploitation of Microorganisms (2009).

He was the Organizing Secretary of the national seminar on Bioinoculants for Holistic Sustainable Rural Development jointly organized by the Department of Botany & Microbiology and DDU state Institute for Rural Development (U.P. Govt.) (1998). He was the Co-coordinator of the Workshop on Molecular Biology and Applied Microbiology, and Hands-on-Training on Microbial Fermentation and Inoculants Production (2008).

He is the Life Member and Fellow of the Indian Botanical Society; Indian Phytopathological Society and the International Society for Conservation of Natural Resources. He was Associate Editor of the Journal of the Indian Botanical Society (2000-2004), and at present he is in the Editorial Board of the Journal of Environmental Biology and Conservation.

Contributors

Agrahari, D., Department of Environmental Science, B.B. Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow (UP)-226025

Ajungla, T., Dept. of Botany, Nagaland University, Nagaland. 798627

Ali, A. S., Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Saifia College of Science and Education, Bhopal (MP), 462001

Ali, S. A., Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Saifia College of Science and Education, Bhopal (MP), 462001

Arti Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, US Nagar, Uttarakhand

Bajpai, R., Department of Environmental Science, B. B. A. University, Lucknow-226025

Bose, A., Yeast and Mycorrhiza Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, R.D. University, Jabalpur (M.P.)

Dalal, S. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar-249404

Das, R., School of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur (C.G.) 495009

Dhanasekaran, D., Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620024

Dixit, S., Department of Environmental Science, B.B. Ambedkar (Central) University, Raibarely Road, Lucknow-226025, U.P.

Dkhar, M. S., Dept. of Botany, NEHU, Shillong-22, Meghalaya

Dubey, R.C., Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar-249404

Dwivedi, S.K., Department of Environmental Science, B.B. Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow (UP)-226025

Gautam, S.P., Yeast and Mycorrhiza Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, R.D. University, Jabalpur (M.P.) Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi-110032

Goel, R., Department of Microbiology, CBSH, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, US Nagar, Uttarakhand

Gupta, A., Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow-226015

Bioremediation Of Pollutants

Publisher : IK International ISBN : 9789381141052 Author : D K MaheshwariAnd R C Dubey

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