biosecurity requirements for poultry farms national and international isa poultry production units....

Biosecurity requirements for poultry farms 2010-04 Page | 1

Biosecurity requirements

for poultry farms


BIOSECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR POULTRY FARMS 1. PREFACE The goal of a bio-security program is to reduce sources and causes of contamination, enabling the supply of a healthy, safe and reliable product. The rules and regulations in this booklet are minimal requirements obligatory for all national and international ISA Poultry Production Units. They are aimed at helping to improve and maintain the level of the ISA Bio-security Program. Definitive decisions on adaptations and/or changes in the procedures should always be discussed between the owner /supervisor and one of ISA's bio-security specialists. ISA's policy is to have all rearing and production units, including hatcheries, certified by the Integrated Chain Management (I.K.B.)-organisation. I.K.B. is a quality control and certification program administered by the Dutch authorities. It forms the minimal demand specified for all ISA's poultry activities. For ISA and its partners a sound, high level bio-security program is a prerequisite for an efficient and profitable conduct of business. Now and in the future. Vet. Dept. Institut de Sélection Animale - ISA B.V.. Spoorstraat 69 P.O. Box 114 5830 AC Boxmeer The Netherlands – EU T: +31 485 319 111 F: +31 485 319 112 [email protected] www.isapoultry.com


1. PREFACE 2 2. GENERAL INFORMATION 5 3. POLICY, ORGANISATION & REGULATION 5

3.1 GOALS OF BIO-SECURITY 5 3.2 I.K.B. CERTIFICATION 5

4. EDUCATION AND TRAINING 6 4.1 INTRODUCTION OF BIO-SECURITY EXECUTIVES 6

5. BIO-SECURITY PROGRAM 6 5.1 PROGRAM AND RESPONSIBILITIES 6

5.1.1 RESPONSIBILITIES 6 5.2 PERSONAL HYGIENE 6

5.2.1 PERSONAL SITUATION: 6 5.2.2 ENTRY 7 5.2.3 CONTROL & SUPERVISION 7 5.2.4 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES 8 5.2.5 PERSONAL HYGIENE 8

5.3 SHOWERING PROCEDURE 8 5.4 SHOES 8 5.5 PERSONAL PROTECTION 8

6. CLEANING AND DISINFECTION 9 6.1 PROGRAM 9 6.2 IMPLEMENTATION 9 6.3 VERMIN CONTROL 10 6.4 (BIO-)SECURITY 10

6.4.1 AGREEMENTS WITH NEIGHBOURS 10 6.4.2 RULES FOR FEED DELIVERIES 10 6.4.3 ALL-IN ALL-OUT; SPIKING 11

6.5 DOCUMENTATION 11 7. PURCHASES 11

7.1 DEMANDS FOR PRODUCT(S) AND MANUFACTURER(S) 11 8. VETERINARY PROGRAM 11

8.1 GOALS 11 8.2 METHODS 11 8.3 HYGIENE 12 8.4 BIRDS AND EGGS 12 8.5 VACCINATION PROGRAM 12 8.6 MONITORING PROGRAM 12

8.6.1 INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS 12 8.7 SIGNALLING TROUBLE 12 8.8 ACTIONS IN CASE OF TROUBLE 13 8.8.1 N.D., M.G., S.P./S.G., S.E., S.T 13 8.8.2 E.D.S 13 8.9 INFORMATION FLOW 13

9. ORGANISATION OF THE OPERATION 13 9.1 LOCATION AND DISTANCES 13 9.2 GENERAL DEMANDS FOR BUILDINGS 14

9.2.1 LAY-OUT 14 9.2.2 FLOOR, WALLS AND ROOF 14 9.2.3 DOORS 14 9.2.4 ROADS AND SURROUNDINGS 14

10. FACILITIES FOR STAFF AND OTHERS 15 10.1 SHOWER AND SANITARY FACILITIES 15 10.2 HYGIENIC LOCK 15

11. RULES FOR OTHER FACILITIES 16 11.1 ROUTING AND PAVED ROADS 16 11.2 PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF BUFFER ZONE AND DIRTY AREA 16


12. SPECIFIC DEMANDS FOR BUILDINGS 17

12.1 EGG ROOM 17 12.1.1 LOCATION AND ONE-WAY TRAFFIC 17 12.1.2 CAPACITY 17 12.1.3 CLIMATE CONTROL 17 12.1.4 CONSTRUCTION 17

12.2 DEAD BIRD STORAGE 17 12.3 SILO FILING PIPE 17

13. AUDIT AND CONTROL 17 13.1 GENERAL 17 13.2 SPECIFIC TESTS 18


2. GENERAL INFORMATION In most situations it is impossible to change the location of the premises. However, it is usually feasible to optimise performance and/or to improve the technical equipment. Having the ideal situation in mind it is possible to make the correct decisions. Conditions for the ideal situation:

-chicken house(s) with feeding room; the "clean" area. -a "buffer"-zone at the entrance. -hygienic lock between "buffer"-zone and "clean" area. -a fence around the operation indicates the "buffer"-zone. -the area outside the fence is considered "dirty". -at the borderline between "dirty" and "buffer"-zone there are facilities for feed deliveries, dead bird storage, disinfection of all incoming equipment, changing clothes and showering, sanitation and egg storage (plus egg disinfection). -visitors can not enter the "buffer"-zone (physic separation).

3. POLICY, ORGANISATION & REGULATION 3.1 Goals Of Biosecurity To ensure annual improvement and continuous attention it is necessary to set up an "operation-improvement-program" with yearly targets. Such program is a HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Analysis) which identifies the possible adaptations to improve biosecurity. 3.2 I.K.B. certification ISA has the policy to have all her operations I.K.B. certified. Except these minimal demands, there are extra rules described in this booklet "ISA BIOSECURITY DEMANDS", which have to be followed as well.


4. EDUCATION and TRAINING 4.1 Introduction of Bio-security executives To get everyone involved in the biosecurity program, ISA educates and trains all concerned. As an introduction, the importance of a bio-security program, which is vital for the whole ISA operation, will be explained. All newly involved people gets a copy of the bio-security demands and training from the Veterinary Department and/or bio-securityspecialists. Updating takes place by means of farm visits, meetings, mailings etc.. 5. BIO-SECURITY PROGRAM 5.1 Program and responsibilities Over and above the requirements of this program for bio-security, every operation adds their own rules. As long as these "operation-rules" do not conflict with the "ISA-rules" they must be followed as well. 5.1.1 Responsibilities: Owner:

-is always responsible for all activities on his operation. -is the only one to make decisions. -must make an "operation improvement program" in cooperation with ISA's technical service.

Technical Service:

-must adapt this bio-security program to the local situation. -supports the operation by monitoring compliance with this bio-security program. -helps to implement and evaluate the "operation-improvement-program". -reports on the operation

Production manager:

-judges the "operation-improvementprogram" and the results of the improvements. -will update this bio-security program in co-operation with the Veterinary Department.

Vet Department:

-monitors the health status of the farm as described in Section 8 of this document -will up-date this bio-security program in co-operation with the production manager. -checks this bio-security program.

5.2 Personal hygiene 5.2.1 Personal situation: Owner and employees:

-may not own or take care of other poultry, pigs, veal calves, furred animals or any other species carrying similar risks. -may not have any family-member at home owning or caring the above mentioned category of animals. -may not have any birds as a pet. -may not conduct activities involving poultry, pigs or similar species without written permission. -takes special precautions after every possible contact with all the above mentioned species.


Visitors and others:

-are only allowed to enter the "clean" area if the visit is really needed. -professionals in the poultry-industry are considered and treated as one of the highest risk factors regarding carrying micro-organisms into a healthy flock or any other clean area. They should observe the following instructions, which should be checked at every visit by the people who allow them to enter:

-Preferably it should be their first visit that week (e.g. Monday morning). -The two days before this visit they should not have been on any other operation with lower or unknown hygiene-status (which should be proven!) -They should not own or take care of animals. -Maintenance must be carried out (as far as possible) in the period when the houses are empty.

5.2.2 Entry (For lay-out see diagram 9.2.1) As described before, every operation has to have two hygienic zones: the bufferzone and the clean area. Every time persons or equipment enter the clean area a risk is taken, so movements should be limited in frequency Persons and equipment are only allowed to enter one of these zones if they follow the rules below: Persons: When entering the buffer zone they should at least change shoes and clothes (recently washed and belonging to the operation). When they enter the clean area they should at least shower and put on recently washed clothes belonging to the operation. If showering is not possible at this place, it should be done at the separation between dirty and buffer zone. In this case they should change "coveralls" & shoes before entering the clean area. Equipment: Before equipment or other materials are delivered it should be known where they were produced and/or stored and who transported them. Every transporter should supply a written declaration stating that the truck was cleaned and disinfected before loading and transportation It should be the first operation delivered to that day, preferably on Monday morning, or on a day on which only operations are visited of the same hygienic level (this should be always checked by the person who receives the new delivery). The materials (feed in bags, litter in bags, egg trays) should be stored for at least two days in a room which is clean, dry and free of rodents and wild birds, before transfer to the clean area. Tools and other equipment should permanently be in the building where they are needed; if something extra is needed it should be cleaned and disinfected before entering the clean area (eg. by formalin fumigation). Material or equipment not necessarily for direct production should not be allowed in the buffer- or clean area. 5.2.3 Control & supervision Visitors who enter the operation should fully understand the ins and outs of the correct hygienic procedures. Every time someone is allowed to enter, the owner or an employee checks that the right procedures are followed. If not, entry must be forbidden. Records must be kept of all the visitors who enter the buffer zone Data to be recorded are: name, function, date, declaration of being "clean", reason to enter and signature of the visitor. If possible date and place of the last operation visited before this one should be written down as well.


5.2.4 Special circumstances If there are special circumstances, eg. indications of an increased "field viruspressure" all hygienic procedures should be intensified. The measures taken will depend on the situation and will be settled in close consultation between the owner and ISA. 5.2.5 Personal hygiene After finishing certain activities (collecting floor eggs, removing dead birds or visiting the toilet) hands must be washed thoroughly. 5.3 Showering procedure When using a shower follow these rules in the correct sequence:

1. undress completely and leave watch and all other jewellery behind 2. shower; wash thoroughly, incl. hair, hands and nails 3. dry off 4. put on recently washed clothes, including a cap from the operation. 5. put on shoes or boots from the operation

When returning from the clean area repeat the procedure (including showering). The shower has to be left tidy and clean. Clothes are used only once and should be left in the laundry basket. The clothes will be washed at the end of every day.

5.4 Shoes Shoes must be changed by every person who passes one of the borders between dirt - buffer - clean. To avoid mistakes every zone should have clearly different coloured or marked shoes. Clothes: on one of the borderlines change all clothes and on the other borderline take a coverall. Clothes should also be clearly different looking per zone. Shoes and clothes should always be cleaned, directly after using. Store in such way that (re-)contamination is impossible. 5.5 Personal protection Protection against dust, ammonia, noise and chemicals is necessary for the sake of human health. Since it is not an integral part of a bio-security program it is not described in this booklet. Naturally due care should be taken at all times to protect the health and safety of all people who enter the farm


6. CLEANING and DISINFECTION 6.1 Program In addition to the traditional cleaning and disinfection procedures after emptying the houses, several areas or rooms should be cleaned during the production period. The minimal recommendation is:

-the buffer zone only holds materials needed for the proper conduct of business (no stones, old iron etc.). The buffer zone should be inspected, and cleaned if necessary but at least twice a year (keep records of this activity). -showers and all other sanitary facilities should be visible clean after every use. -the hygiene lock must be cleaned every day and disinfected every week. -the feeding room must be tidied up every day, and wet cleaned twice a week. -the egg store room must be cleaned and disinfected after every delivery. -the room where goods are stored before they enter the buffer area must be cleaned and disinfected when the houses are empty.

All rooms not mentioned above should be cleaned and disinfected according their hygiene status and use. Special attention must be paid to the feed silos, they should be seamless and easy to clean and disinfected after the birds are removed.

Brown rat Black rat House mouse

Inspection of rodent dropping can help identify which particular species is present. 6.2 Implementation Whether the owner/supervisor cleans and disinfects the premises himself or has a specialised organisation doing this, the effectiveness should be controlled by sampling, at least 10 days before placing a new flock. If the results are poor another disinfection must be carried out. If a contamination/infection is diagnosed during or just after production special measurements Must be taken in co-operation with ISA (e.g. special steam disinfection after any Salmonella contamination).

Poisen bait feeding box for house mice


6.3 Vermin control Vermin are everywhere where poultry are. There is feed, places to hide and a suitable climate for multiplication. Control is very important; not just because of the direct damage, but perhaps especially because of the possibility of the carryover of micro-organisms. Every operation must have a written program about the control of at least the following species: wild birds, mice and rats, flies, lice, mites, fleas and tempex beetles. Records should be kept about procedures and chemicals used. When a professional organisation is used they must observe the bio-security rules. Pets are not allowed in the buffer zone or the clear area.

Darkling beetle Alphitobius Diaperinus Dermestes Lardarius

Common house fly Musca domestica Fannia canicularis 6.4 (Bio-)security 6.4.1 Agreements with neighbours Depending on the local situation there should be agreements with neighbours regarding the use of nearby fields and the presence of birds in the vicinity of the operation. Items to discuss are:

-no manure spreading (esp.from poultry and pigs) on the fields close to the operation. -cleaning of the surroundings. -reliable fencing. -if neighbours do have poultry, it should be discussed to slaughter them and to provide table-eggs for free, or to slaughter them every time the houses are emptied and provide with birds originating from the same source as the operation has them from.

6.4.2 Rules for feed deliveries Besides demands for feed quality, it is necessary to have agreements regarding hygiene procedures during delivery. Attention should be given to:

-routing of the deliveries. No visits are allowed direct after a delivery on a farm with unknown or lower hygienic status.


-at least a two days period should follow a delivery on a farm with unknown or lower hygienic status. -only clean and disinfected trucks to be used (written declaration). -dust sack owned by and left permanently on the operation. -good co-ordination in special situations or in case of emergencies.

6.4.3 All-in all-out; spiking Always follow all-in all-out principles. Accepted exceptions are: 1. delivery of a flock with a maximum age-difference of 28 days. 2. spiking of males from an operation which has the same hygienic status (however this is still dangerous). 3. it is highly recommended to do rearing and production in the same house. 4. moulting or changing the maleline is only allowed if the biosecurity rules are followed and if the new birds are tested 14 days before placing and if the two monitoring tests before this one did not show any indicate of contamination. 5. extra birds should stay in quarantine for at least 3 weeks while another extra monitoring is done. 6.5 Documentation Sound record keeping is required by law, I.K.B.-regulations and ISA-Biosecurity rules. E.g.: registration of visitors, an operation-improvementprogram, and rodent control. There should be two logbooks one for keeping flock records and one for operation specific procedures. (The ISA IKB binder) 7. PURCHASES 7.1 Demands for product(s) and manufacturer(s) Specific demands for every product, depending on the local situation, should be discussed between the owner or supervisor and ISA's specialists. For example:

-approved supplier/organisation (codes for GMP or GVP, professional disinfecting or vermin-control organisations etc.). -awareness of the bio-security rules. -control of product quality -store samples of the products -freedom of products of specified micro-organisms -rules for transport -rules for storage -health, safety and environmental rules and laws

8. VETERINARY PROGRAM 8.1 Goals To acquire and maintain a healthy flock status, to prevent production problems and losses, to produce an excellent quality according to the law and demands of customers. 8.2 Methods Specifications in accordance with the law, I.K.B.-regulations and ISA-Biosecurity rules.


8.3 Hygiene Cleaning, disinfection and monitoring, according I.K.B.-regulations. Storage of antibiotics, other drugs and vaccines should be dry, free of dust and at the recommended temperatures. 8.4 Birds and eggs All birds and eggs have to be free from: M.g. EU, PPE, ISA regulation M.s. ISA regulation S.p./S.g.: EU, PPE, ISA regulation S.e. EU, PPE, ISA regulation S.t. EU, PPE, ISA regulation E.D.S. ISA regulation other Salmonellas ISA regulation Birds must have a high level of maternal immunity against: Newcastle disease, avian encephalitis (crazy chick disease), infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease), chicken anaemia virus, respiratory enteric orphan virus (REO-virus) (broiler strains only). This will be achieved by way of a regular updated vaccination program, which will be checked by serological monitoring of the breeding stock and the offspring. Day-old chicks have to be treated and vaccinated in accordance with the law and the customers demands, without inflicting any unnecessary injuries. 8.5 Vaccination program The delivery of birds must be accompanied by documentation regarding the already performed vaccination(s):

-age at vaccination -strain of vaccine -manufacturer and batch number of the vaccine -dose -method of application -original planned date of vaccination -actual date of vaccination -name and signature of the applicator

8.6 Monitoring program Monitoring date, frequency, number of samples, testing material and testing methods are partly prescribed by official regulations (incl. the PPE; M.g., S.p./S.g., S.e. and N.D.; Sampling Deventer on Pure Line, (G)GPS and PS farms) and partly by ISA in co-ordination with the Poultry Division of the Dutch Animal Health Service (DAHS) (all other tests Sampling and testing is done by independent people from the Poultry Division of the DAHS Extra tests for special export regulations and in case of suspicion of diseases mentioned in the law are also performed by the DAHS Poultry Division. 8.6.1 Interpretation of test results Interpretation of all tests regarding diseases mentioned by law, is done by the Official Veterinary Officer who checks all tests at the DAHS. All other tests are interpreted by the Veterinary Department of ISA.


8.7 Signalling trouble Trouble is primarily observed by the people who take care of the birds by analysing:

-visual data -mortality -feed intake -growth -production -abnormalities

In case of any abnormal condition of the flock, they warn the Technical Service Department or directly the Veterinary Department of ISA. 8.8 Actions in case of trouble 8.8.1 N.D., M.g., S.p./S.g., S.e., S.t.: In case of N.D., M.g., S.p./S.g., S.e., S.t.: slaughter of the flock according to EU- and PPE-regulations. 8.8.2 E.D.S In case of E.D.S.: slaughter of the flock according to ISA-regulation. In case of other diseases: the Veterinary Department of ISA will take actions to treat and, if necessary, to isolate the flock. All actions taken will be written down in the logbook. Used antibiotics and/or chemicals must have been official registered by the Official Drug Register Committee. 8.9 Information flow In a situation described in 8.8.1 and 8.8.2 the Veterinary Department informs the following people:

-People taking care of the flock -Production Department -ISA's technical department -Hatchery -Logistic Department -Sales Department -Feed supplier -Poultry Division DAHS (Official Veterinary Officer and the department which organises sampling)

The flock-caretaker informs all people who must pass the separation between the dirty area and the buffer zone. In a situation subscribed in 8.8.3 the Veterinary Department informs the following people:

-People taking care of the flock -Production Department -Technical Department -Hatchery


9. ORGANISATION OF THE OPERATION (There should be a map, incl. routing of feed/eggs/carcasses) 9.1 Location and distances A poultry operation should be located in an area with a (very) low poultry density. In the Audit "entry requirements farms" (demands for starting an operation) minimal distances between the operation and high risk factors (other poultry/ game birds, pig operations, slaughter houses etc.) are given. 9.2 General demands for buildings 9.2.1 Lay-out

A Shower, egg storage and disinfection room B Buffer zone C Hygienic lock D Poultry houses E Silo filling pipe F Fence G Dead bird storage H External road I Parking (black = road, grey = building, white = surrounding) 9.2.2 Floor, walls and roof The construction of the house and other rooms must allow easy and correct cleaning and disinfection. A concrete and smooth floor and isolation of the roof is needed. Repairs must be carried out when the house is empty.


9.2.3 Doors All doors must be locked, when no personnel are inside the houses. There should be a system to make it possible for visitors who are outside the buffer area to warn people who are working inside the houses. This should be a light signal. 9.2.4 Roads and surroundings It is not allowed to store materials nearby the chicken houses which are not needed before cleaning takes place. After rain there should not remain any pools of water. All roads and places for loading and deliveries should be paved; preferably inclusive of a strip of 1 meter around the chicken houses (rodent control).

A well sealed roadway for one-way traffic 10. FACILITIES FOR STAFF AND OTHERS 10.1 Shower and sanitary facilities The shower can only be situated at two locations: -(preferably) between the separation of the dirty area and the buffer zone, so coveralls and shoes should be changed when entering the clean area; -Or between the buffer zone and the clean area. The shower has only one-way traffic. Basic construction for a shower are: -smooth, easy to clean walls -flat, smooth, easy to clean floor -round corners -minimal light intensity of 300 Lux. -heating up to 20 degrees Celsius -sufficient ventilation -sufficient hot water -enough space to get undressed and store clothes and personal belongings -a clear separation between the actual shower and the dressing areas Sufficient clean, dry clothes and towels should be available. There should also be a laundry basket. For poultry-servicing people, who have to shower frequently, a pH-neutral soap should be available. A toilet must be either in the buffer- or clean area. 10.2 Hygienic lock A hygienic lock can be situated at only two locations:


1. (preferably) when the shower is located between the dirty area and the buffer zone: between buffer zone and clean area (change coveralls and shoes). 2. when the shower is located between the clean area and the buffer zone; between dirty and buffer zone (change coveralls and shoes) Hygenic lock

A Entrance / exit B Exit to clean area C Storage cupboard D Hand basin E Boot rinse F Laundry basket G Heating Minimal demands for a hygienic lock are:

-flat, smooth and easy to clean walls and floor -a robust separation -facilities to wash hands and to clean boots -adequate amounts of clothing and shoes -one-way traffic -an installation to store boots upside down

11. RULES FOR OTHER FACILITIES 11.1 Routing and paved roads A basic rule is to avoid crossing-over between clean and buffer, or between buffer and dirty, and between clean and dirty traffic. Esp. e.g. egg transport, feed transport, moving of persons and materials or equipment.


11.2 Physical separation of buffer zone and dirty area There must be a clear separation, e.g. a chain with a plate stating: "No entrance". Transportation is not allowed beyond this border, unless the local situation makes it impossible to deliver feed or to collect eggs. Attention should be paid to have:

-basic equipment and tools in every house -separated transport for every zone and area -locked doors and an warning light -all separations should be clearly visible (fences, coloured lines etc.).

12. SPECIFIC DEMANDS FOR BUILDINGS 12.1 Egg room 12.1.1 Location and one-way traffic The egg room should be situated at the separation of the dirty area and the buffer zone, so the loading trucks do not have to enter. There should be an outer door at the dirty side. All activities in the egg room should follow the principles of one-way traffic. 12.1.2 Capacity The minimal capacity should be a week-production at peak level including room for some extra containers. 12.1.3 Climate control The I.K.B.-regulations prescribes a control with maximum tolerated variations (2°C and 5 % RH). So there must be installations for cooling, heating and humidifying. Twice a day temperature and humidity should be recorded and written down in the "egg roomlogbook". Hatchery, hatching egg producer and transporter should tune temperature adjustments to prevent a temperature shock and condensation on the eggs.

Humidifer in egg store room 12.1.4 Construction Flat, smooth, and easy to clean and disinfect walls and floor. 12.2 Dead bird storage Dead birds should be stored in a freezer or a chilled room in such a way that it can be closed to prevent (re-)contamination. The place where the dead birds are picked up for transport,


should be as far as possible from the houses (in the dirty area). It should be paved so easy and good cleaning and disinfecting is possible immediately after use. 12.3 Silo filing pipe To prevent the feed truck to enter the buffer zone the silos must be filled from the separation. 13. AUDIT AND CONTROL 13.1 General

1. annual check-up and an annual, not-announced, control by I.K.B.- inspectors 2. annual audit by ISA technical service people to be reported to the manager 3. evaluation of the "operationimprovement-program" 4. annual control of the techniques and materials used for cleaning and disinfecting.

13.2 Specific tests


PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT

Working with live material and always striving for a better situation

means continuous alertness.

To supply our customers with the best quality of breeders.

BIOSECURITY=

CONTINUOUS IMPOROVEMENT=BIOSECURITY

biosecurity requirements for poultry farms national and international isa poultry production units....

Documents