BIOSEPARATION

TECHNOLOGY

MK Mekanisasi Pertanian

Why Separation?

MOTIVASI PEMISAHAN

• Pemurnian.

Hal yang perlu diperhatikan: temperatur yang tinggi

menyebabkan dekomposisi beberapa komponen

• Pemindahan komponen yang tidak diinginkan.

Hal yang perlu diperhatikan: kehilangan komponen

yang berharga

• Recovery: untuk proses berikutnya

• Pemisahan padatan

Seaparation in Food Industries

Some Methods to Separate a Product

by Bioseparation

UNIT

OPERATION IN

BIOSEPARATION

Separasi mekanik

• Sedimentasi

• Separasi Sentrifugal

• Filtrasi

• Penyaringan

Gaya yang bekerja pada separasi mekanik:

gravitasi, sentrifugal dan tekanan

Kecepatan pergerakan partikel dalam Fluida

Kecepatan partikel tergantung pada:

ukuran, densitas dan bentuk partikel

serta sifat-sifat fluida.

Gaya yang berpengaruh: gaya eksternal

yang bekerja dan drag force yang

menahan gerakan.

FD FB

FG

SEDIMENTASI

• Sedimentasi gravitasi

• Flotasi

• Sedimentasi partikel dalam gas

• Pemisahan dengan kombinasi gaya

GRAVITATIONAL SEDIMENTATION

• Sedimentation uses gravitational forces to separate

particulate material from fluid streams.

• The particles are usually solid, but they can be small liquid

droplets, and the fluid can be either a liquid or a gas.

• Sedimentation is very often used in the food industry for

separating dirt and debris from incoming raw material,

crystals from their mother liquor and dust or product

particles from air streams.

Thickener kontinyu

Clear fluid

overflow

Clear fluid

Transition zone

Thickened

compression zone

Free settling

zone

Slow revolving

rake

Thickened

sludge

underflow

PERALATAN SEDIMENTASI

Cyclone

• Sering digunakan memisahkan aliran udara dari partikel-partikel dengan diameter sekitar 10 m atau lebih dan juga digunakan untuk memisahkan partikel dari cairan

• Bentuk cyclone bagian atas: silinder vertikal udara saratpartikel membentuk spiral menciptakan gaya sentrifugalsehingga partikel ke bagian dinding

• Gaya gravitasi mempercepat

pemisahan

CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATION

• Sedimentation process may be very slow because the specific

gravities of the components may not be very different, or

because of forces holding the components in association, for

example as occur in emulsions.

• For example, if whole milk is allowed to stand, the cream will

rise to the top and there is eventually a clean separation between

the cream and the skim milk.

• However, this takes a long time, of the order of one day, and so

it is suitable, perhaps, for the farm kitchen but not for the

factory.

• Hence, much greater forces can be obtained by introducing

centrifugal action, in a centrifuge.

A centrifuge uses centrifugal force to separate liquids/solid from liquid.

CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATION

Working principle

APPLICATIONS

Separating fat from milk

Cleaning dust from air

De-watering or de-oiling of food

DISTILLATION

We owe a great debt to the Arabian alchemist (and physician) Ibn Sina -

also known as Avicenna, who lived 980 - 1037 AD, since he was the first

one to perfect steam distillation - and his process was so good that it

stayed unchanged for a couple of hundred years.

Principles

• Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based

on differences in their boiling points.

APPLICATIONS

Production of essential oil

Alcohol purification

Sea water distilation

Petroleum refineries

FILTRATION

• Filtration is the separation of solids from liquids, by

causing the mixture to flow through fine pores which are

small enough to stop the solid particles but large enough to

allow the liquid to pass.

• The fine apertures necessary for filtration are provided by

fabric filter cloths, by meshes and screens of plastics or

metals, or by beds of solid particles. An advance filtration

for fine materials uses many types of membrane

FILTRATION EQUIPMENTS

Plate & frame press

Rotary vacuum filters

Centrifugal filters

MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY

An advance type of filtration

Early membrane investigators experimented with

every type of diaphragm available to them, such as

bladders of pigs, cattle or fish and sausage casin

made of animal gut.

Later, collodion (nitrocellulose) membranes were

preferred because they could be made

reproducibly.

Types of Membrane

MEMBRANE PORE SIZE

APPLICATIONS

• Water purifications

• Separations of amino acids

• Gas separations