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Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion and Thermal Hydrolysis

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Page 1: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Dave Parry

Ohio

Water Environment

Association

Biosolids Workshop

December 3, 2015

High

Performance

Anaerobic

Digestion: Co-Digestion

and Thermal

Hydrolysis

Page 2: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Biosolids, Nutrients, Energy, Water (BNEW)

Recovery Center

Energy

(Heat, Power, Fuel)

Anaerobic Digestion is at the Heart of Resource Recovery from Wastewater

Biosolids

(Fertilizer, Fuel)

Nutrients

(Fertilizer)

Water

(Reclaimed)

FOG

WW

Page 3: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Biosolids as a Resource

Anaerobic

Digestion

Compost

Dryer

Dewatering

Thickened

Sludge

Storage

Biochar or

BioCoalPyrolysis Kiln

Dewatering

Fertilizer or

Fuel

Ash

(Landfill)

Incineration

Alkaline Biosolids

Land ApplicationLime

Stabilization

Composting

Facility

Wet Cake

Manufactured Soil

Amendment

Chemical

Addition

(VitAg)

Dewatering

Page 4: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Energy Conversion and Resource RecoveryPower Positive Resource Recovery P2R2 Goal

High Performance Anaerobic Digestion at the Heart of Energy Recovery

Page 5: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

5 2015_WWGST_RRR_PPT_Template_01.pptx

The Future is High Performance Anaerobic Digestion

Page 6: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

High Performance Anaerobic Digestion Meets Multiple Objectives

• Achieve High Economic Value – low life cycle costs, adaptability to changing energy rates, recover valuable resource

• Be User Friendly – reliability, proven technology, ease of operation and maintenance

• Be Environmentally Sustainable – energy efficient, low carbon footprint, air quality, soil quality, water quality

• Socially Acceptable – good public relations for resource recovery, community friendly

Operational

Social

Environmental

Economic

Page 7: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Objectives of High Performance Anaerobic Digestion

• Enhance operating characteristics

– Increase stability

– Reduce and manage foaming and volume

change

– Manage struvite and vivianite, hydrogen

sulfide

• Improve biosolids quality

– Reduce pathogens & odors

• Increase biomass conversion

– More biogas, less biosolids

• Improve financial performance

– Increase capacity

– Produce and conserve energy

Page 8: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Methods to Achieve High Performance Anaerobic Digestion• System: Best Solids Management Practice (feed, mix, heat, withdrawal)

• Engine: Enhance the Anaerobic Process

– High temperature (thermophilic)

– Separate phases (acid/gas)

– Increase solids concentration and retention

• Fuel: Increase Solids Quantity and Quality

– Co-Digestion

– Thermal hydrolysis

• Handling: Optimize Beneficial Use of Biogas (Cogeneration, Biomethane)

Page 9: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Effective Digester Mixing

• Assure effective use of entire digester

• Create uniform digester environment

• Promote contact between raw sludge and

active biomass

• Evenly distribute metabolic waste products

• Reduce grit settling

• Reduce temperature stratification

Page 10: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Digested Sludge Density FundamentalsMore of an Issue with High Performance Anaerobic Digestion

Biogas out

Digested sludge

control volume

Biogas

released

Biogas

entrained

Biogas

produced

Biogas In

Sludge density is inversely

proportional to the amount

of entrained biogas

Sludge density can change

rapidly as well as the

amount of biogas released

Biogas entrainment is

proportional to apparent

viscosity

Apparent viscosity

increases with solids

concentration and

decreases with thermal

hydrolysis and mixing

Page 11: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Sludge Withdrawal and Provisions for Volume Expansion

• Volume reserved for

expansion

• Three overflows: normal,

backup, and emergency

Page 12: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

High Performance Biogas System

• Prevent sludge or foam from entering gas system

• Provide condensate removal

• Contain gas in digester during various operating levels

• Manage varying gas production rates

• Manage pressure

• Measure gas flow

• Clean gas for beneficial use

• Flare excess gas

Page 13: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

High Performance Anaerobic Digestion Examples

Project and Process Biosolids Final Product

Atotonilco: Modified Egg-Shaped

Mesophilic

Class B Biosolids Dewatered Cake

Biogas fueled CHP

Shafdan: Multi-Staged

Thermophilic

Class A Biosolids Dewatered Cake

Biogas fueled CHP

DC Water: Thermal Hydrolysis Class A Biosolids Dewatered Cake

Biogas fueled CHP

Des Moines: Codigestion Class B Biosolids

Biogas fueled CHP and Biogas

Encina: Biosolids Dryer and

Pyrobiomethane

Dried Biosolids Pellets and BioChar

Page 14: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Atotonilco WWTP, Mexico City1990 ML/day, 790 dtpd Thirty 13 ML digesters Twelve 2.8 MW CHP units

Page 15: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Shafdan Treatment Plant Digestion and Cogeneration Facility Tel Aviv, Israel

Reclaimed Water

Class A Biosolids

Renewable Energy

Page 16: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Bringing the Shafdan Digesters to Life with Jerusalem Seed

Page 17: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Sludge Blend

Tanks

Sludge

Screens

Digester Feed

Tanks

Heat

Recovery

To

Dewatering

Thickened WAS

Primary Sludge To

Digesters

Thermophilic Digesters

Digested

Sludge

Storage

Tank

(6)

Multi-Staged Thermophilic Digestion

Page 18: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

18 2015_WWGST_RRR_PPT_Template_01.pptx

Thermal Hydrolysis Decision Guide

Consider Other

HPAD

No

No

Class A

via Drying

Tight

Site

Consider

Thermal

Hydrolysis

Process

(THP)

No

YesYes

Yes

Start

Dried

Biosolids

Class A

Biosolids

Required

No

Yes

THP Cost

Savings

Yes

No

THP Cost

Savings

No

Yes

Page 19: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

DC WaterBlue Plains WWTPThermal Hydrolysis Process and Anaerobic Digestion

Page 20: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Process Schematic of DC Water’s New Biosolids Program

Dewatering

Lime

Store &

Loadout

Class B

DAFTs

Mix

Screening and

Pre-DewateringFinal

Dewatering

Sidestream

Treatment

Store &

Loadout

Thermal

Hydrolysis

Steam Biogas

Biogas Treatment and

Combined Heat & Power (CHP)

Emissions

Mesophilic

Anaerobic

Digestion

Class A

Power

Gravity

Thickeners

Blend

Tank Blend

Tank

Page 21: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Digester Loading Rates

Feed Solids

Concentration

Hydraulic

Retention

time

Volatile Solids

Loading Rate

Specific Energy

Loading Rate

% days kgVS/day/m3 kgCOD/day/kgVS

Atotonilco

Mexico City

5.0 20 1.3 0.11

Shafdan

Dan Region

5.5 13 3.1 0.29

Blue Plains

DC Water

10.5 15 5.3 0.26

Page 22: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Codigestion ResearchWERF and ESTCP

• Bench: Waste

Characterization & Biogas

Production

• Lab: Acclimation

• Pilot: Organic loading rate

• Full scale: Demonstration

of digester performance

• Economic analysis of

codigestion

Page 23: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Des Moines Wastewater Reclamation Facility, IowaCo-digestion Operation

• Hauled organic

wastes account for

40% of anaerobic

digester feed

• Biogas sold to local

industry

• Biogas Fueled CHP

electrical savings

• Biogas conversion to

Biomethane being

considered

Page 24: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Co-Digestion Components

Wastewater

Sludge

Organic

Waste

Rocks

Glass

Plastic

Cardboard

Sidestream

Water

Biomethane

Heat

Power

Biogas

Treatment

Biogas

Biosolids

Biosolids

Processing

Wastewater Treatment

Pre-Processing

Biogas Use

Thermal

Hydrolysis

Anaerobic

Digestion

Page 25: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Organic Loading Rate for Codigestion, Digester Start-up, and Operation

Energy Feed Rate

COD/day

Biogas

Energy Rate

Specific Energy Loading Rate

(SELR, kgCOD/day/kgVS)

(Energy Feed Rate per mass of

Volatile Solids in Digester)

• Hydraulic Retention

Time

• Volatile Solids

Loading Rate

• SELR

Food to Microorganism Ratio for Anaerobic Digestion

Page 26: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Biogas Fueled Cogeneration and Biosolids Drying, Encina Wastewater Authority, Carlsbad, CA

Four 750 kW Engine-Driven

Generators,

Rotary Drum Dryer

• Energy master planning,

design, and services

during construction of

WWTP improvements

• 3.0 MW cogeneration

system consisting of four

750 kW lean-burn engine

driven generators

• Designed to strict

California air quality

standards

Page 27: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Anaerobic

Digestion

DryingDewateringThickening

Biogas

BioChar

Pyrolysis

Sludge +

Organic

Waste

Pyrolysis Gas

Combined Digestion and Thermal Process

Page 28: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

Full Scale PyroBioMethane in Startup PhaseEncina Water Pollution Control Facility, Carlsbad, CA

Arriving in California for

Container InstallPilot Digesters Awaiting Delivery

to Encina

Page 29: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

High Performance Anaerobic Digestion

• High Performance

• Conventional Mesophilic

• Thermophilic

• Thermal Hydrolysis

• Co-Digestion

• Digestion combined with

thermal process

HPAD at the Heart of Resource Recovery

from Wastewater: Biosolids, Nutrients,

Energy, Water

Page 30: Biosolids Workshop Dave Parry - Ohio Water Environment ...Dave Parry Ohio Water Environment Association Biosolids Workshop December 3, 2015 High Performance Anaerobic Digestion: Co-Digestion

30 2015_WWGST_RRR_PPT_Template_01.pptx

High Performance Anaerobic Digestion

QUESTIONS?

David Parry, PhD, PE

[email protected]