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,

,,

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.

( ).

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(2)

( )

:

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.

,

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(3-

)

(2-)

(4+

)

-

(..Nitrosomonas)

(..Nitrobacter)

(.. Klebsiella

Azotobacter, Rhizobium)

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NN 2 NH3

2:

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Rhizobium

( )

2

( )

1011 g

, 60%

.

15% 25%

.31/10/2012 ..

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(

225kcal/mol)

,

, 500

C 300.

.

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,

().

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(Fe)

(MoFe)

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e

.

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2+6e +6H+ 2NH3

1molH2 2molNH3

2+8e +8H+ 2NH3+2

2+8e +8H++16+162

2NH3+2+16DP+16Pi

31/10/2012 ..

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Fe

Fe (30kDa) 4Fe4S.

P

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22

1Mo

7Fe9 1

8 Fe7

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(240kDa) 22

.

.

8 Fe 7 .

6

.

,

MoFe

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: 7 Fe +1 Mo

FeN

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2+8e +8H+ 2NH3+2

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4+

Glu ()

Gln

H2N CH C

CH2

OH

O

CH2

C

OH

O

H2N CH C

CH2

OH

O

CH2

C

NH2

O

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-(

)

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NAD+: NADPH:

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Schiff

Schiff

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,

NADPH

Schiff

L

L

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L

Schiff

L

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4+ + +P +ADP+Pi

Gln ++NADPH +H+ 2Glu +NADP+

!!!

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4

+ + - + NADPH + P Glu + NADP+ + ADP + Pi

4+ ,

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+

m Glu4+

( ~1 mM) 4

+ .

Glu4

+ .

.

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.. 31/10/2012

.

.

Arg

.

Arg

.

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.

Arg de

novo 10. 3

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E.coli

()

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.

.

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- 3-

5-

4-

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31/10/2012 ..

-

Glu AlaGln Val1

Pro Leu1

Arg2 - 4-

3- Trp3

Ser Phe1

Gly Tyr1

Cys 5-

His1

AspAsn

Met1

Thr1

Lys1

Leu

1 2 3 Phe

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-

3-

5-

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(,,)

(PLP).

+ +

+ +

31/10/2012 ..

( )

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PP

( PLP)

31/10/2012 ..

L

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(L D)

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.. 31/10/2012

( )

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.

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, .

.

4+

.

.

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-

Schiff

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,

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()

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3

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3

de novo

31/10/2012 ..

1

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1.

3

3

31/10/2012 ..

2

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3

2.

331/10/2012 ..

PLP

3

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3

3.

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:

.

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5 10 .

.

, .

,CO2, .

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.

.

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S

5

.

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S

S(SAM)

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S

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.

.

...

DNA

.31/10/2012 ..

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DNA

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CysSer

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,

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+

4

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+4

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E. coli31/10/2012 ..

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5

.

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(5)

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(5)

1()1

5

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1()1

5

3

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3

3

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22

PLP

Schiff PLP Schiff

31/10/2012 ..

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31/10/2012 ..

Schiff

( )

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.

(25)

22 .

.

,

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PLP

31/10/2012 ..

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-

7

3

5

31/10/2012 ..

A A

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-

Asn Asp

, .

.

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5

. .

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,

,

.

31/10/2012 ..

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31/10/2012 ..

3

3

3

3

3

5/28/2018 Biosynthesis of Aminoacids (1)

105/155

31/10/2012 ..

3

3

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. :

.

.

.

31/10/2012 ..

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. , , ().

.

O

.31/10/2012 ..

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.

31/10/2012 ..

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.

31/10/2012 ..

( )

( )

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,

31/10/2012 ..

-

7

3

5

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, . , : ,

31/10/2012 ..

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,

.

31/10/2012 ..

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31/10/2012 ..

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, .

.

31/10/2012 ..

12 .

5/28/2018 Biosynthesis of Aminoacids (1)

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.

31/10/2012 ..

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.

31/10/2012 ..

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31/10/2012 ..

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.

.

.

.

31/10/2012 ..

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,.

, D.

D

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31/10/2012 ..

PD UMP

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.

PD PA UTP ,

.

31/10/2012 ..

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31/10/2012 ..

CoA

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31/10/2012 ..

CoA

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()

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NAD+

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:GluCysGly

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: -

(Glu + Cys)

(Glu-Cys + Gly)

31/10/2012 ..

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(GSH)

(GSSG)

.

GSH/GSSG

500

(GSSG)

(GSH)

31/10/2012 ..

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GSH

:

2GSH + R-O-OH GSSG + H2O + ROH

31/10/2012 ..

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Se.

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.

.

, .

31/10/2012 ..

Arg

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g

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8 26 .

31/10/2012 ..

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.31/10/2012 ..

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4

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.

31/10/2012 ..

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. .

.

.

12

.31/10/2012 ..

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.

( )

31/10/2012 ..

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., .

. (4500

Fe/)

31/10/2012 ..

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31/10/2012 ..

Fe

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N2 NH4+ -

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.

.

31/10/2012 ..

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