biotechnology bell ringers for september 23 rd , 2010
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Biotechnology Bell Ringers for September 23 rd , 2010. What are the three categories of Critical Thinking? What are the two groups you obtain data from in an experiment? Conclusions always fall into what two categories?. Biotechnology Objectives for September 23 rd , 2010. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Biotechnology Bell Ringers for September 22nd, 2010
Biotechnology Bell Ringersfor September 23rd, 2010What are the three categories of Critical Thinking?
What are the two groups you obtain data from in an experiment?
Conclusions always fall into what two categories?
Biotechnology Objectives for September 23rd, 2010We will analyze the cellular design and function in plant, animal and bacterial cells
We will use the microscopes to examine an example of a plant, animal and bacterial cell
Whats a Cell Look Like?You may not have a picture in your mind when you hear the word cellThink of cells as colorful little building blocksJust like blocks, cells come together to construct a living thing
What is a Cell?A cell is a watery body containing chemicals that hold informationHumans have more than 200 types of cells that make many billions of cellsEach cell works hard and they all carry the exact same information
History of the CellDuring the 1830s, with the improvement of microscopes, scientists were able to better understand the structure and function of cellsIt was at this time that the cell theory was developed
The Cell TheoryAll living matter is made up of one or more cells. Also, any cell alive today had its origin in a preexisting cell
It is clear that living things are made of at least one living cellBecause every cell alive today came from a preexisting cell, we are truly related to our ancestors and bound to our pastStructure and Scale ofMolecules in the CellThe foundation of the functioning cell that define all life forms is the atom
Atoms bond together to form molecules
Structure and Scale ofMolecules in the CellSimple molecules link into long chains inside the cell called proteins
Proteins are made up of amino acids strung together end to end
Structure and Scale ofMolecules in the Cell
The order of amino acids in these chains is determined by another long molecule, DNADNA controls the shape of a tree leaf and the length of an alligators tailDNA is the genetic material that is the blueprint of lifeStructure and Scale ofMolecules in the CellThe proteins that are formed from instructions within the DNA carry on all functions of life, including transporting oxygen with our blood, protecting us from disease, and helping our bodies grow, mature, and age
Cells We Will Be ExaminingAnimal Cell
Plant Cell
Bacterial CellParts of Animal CellNucleus: Contains DNA which controls the activity of the cell, directs reproduction
Cytoplasm: Watery substance inside the cell that surrounds the cell parts and transports chemicals and nutrients within the cell
Mitochondria: Produce energy for cellular processes, the powerhouse of a cell
Cell Membrane: Surrounds cell, allows substances in & out of cell
Lysosomes: Help break down and digest moleculesParts of Animal CellRibosomes: Attached to endoplasmic reticulum and work to produce protein for cell structure
Golgi Apparatus: Helps transport proteins made by the ribosomes out of the cell
Centrioles: Plan important role in cell division
Nucleolus: Programs the formation of ribosomes in the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Carry proteins and other substances through the cytoplasm
Example of a Animal Cell
Parts of Plant CellNucleus: Contains DNA which controls the activity of the cell, directs reproduction
Cell Wall: Made of cellulose, found only in plants, allows substances in and out of cell
Cell Membrane: Thin, flexible membrane just inside the cell wall
Colorplasts: Found only in plants, green, contain chlorophyll
Cytoplasm: Watery material inside the cell that surrounds the cell parts and transports chemicals and nutrients within the cell
Parts of Plant CellVacuoles: Storage tanks of the cell
Mitochondria: Produce energy for cellular processes, the powerhouse of a cell
Ribosomes: Attached to endoplasmic reticulum and work to produce protein for cell structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Carry proteins and other substances through the cytoplasm
Example of a Plant Cell
Some differences between Plant Cells and Animal cellsPlant cells have cell walls as their outermost layerPlant cells have chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll for pigmentation by converting energy from the sun into foodPlant cells have larger vacuoles than Animal cellsAnimal cells contain centrioles that play a role in mitosisMany animal cells have flagellum connected to the cell membrane which aids in movement of the cellParts of Bacterial CellsCell Wall: Gives the cell its shape and surrounds the cell membrane, protecting the bacterium from the environment
Cytoplasm: Where cell growth, metabolism, and replication are carried out. It is a gel-like substance and contains cells structures such as ribosomes and the DNA
Cell Membrane: Encloses the interior of the bacterium and controls the flow of materials in and out of the cellParts of A Bacterial CellFlagella: Hair like structures that help bacteria move. They can be found at either or both ends of a bacterium or all over its surface
Nucleoid: Is a region of cytoplasm where the DNA is located. It is not a membrane bound nucleus, but simply an area of the cytoplasm where the strands of DNA are found
Ribosomes: Microscopic factories found in all cells, including bacteria. They translate the gentic code to amino acids
Example of a Bacterial Cell
Things you Should Knowabout Bacterial CellsThey are prokaryotes, a type of cell that does not have a well-defined nucleusThe single form of the word is bacterium. More than one is called bacteriaTheir cells contain a single closed DNA circleThey come in many shapes and sizesThey are found practically everywhere on Earth and live in some of the most unusual placesA microscope is needed to see themAerobic require oxygen and Anerobic cant tolerate oxygenThree shapes areCocci (round)Bacilli (rod-shaped)Spirochetes (spiral-shaped)