biotechnology in livestock production definition ntnthe science of altering genetic and reproductive...
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Biotechnology in Livestock Production
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Definition the science of altering
genetic and reproductive processes in plants and animals
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Two areasgenetic engineeringembryo transfer
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Genetic Engineering is based on a technology
involving recombinant DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
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Genetic Engineering involves taking a tiny bit of
DNA containing the desired gene from one organism and splicing it into the DNA strand of another organism
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Genetic Engineeringpurpose - to have the
recipient organism take on the characteristic controlled by the transferred gene
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Examplesdisease resistant animalsgrowth regulatorsnew drugs and vaccines
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Examplesspecify size and sex of
animalsorganism that “eats” oil
used in the Persian Gulf
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BSTBovine Somatotropin
(Bovine Growth Hormone)Somatotropins are proteins
that affect the utilization of energy in the body
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BSTcauses energy derived
from feed to be used for milk production rather than weight gain
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BSTdoes not reduce energy
available for body maintenance
increases energy available by improving breakdown of fat and increasing appetite
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BSTsmall amounts of BST are
produced naturally in the cow by the pituitary gland
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BSTpreviously, the only source
of BST for research has been from pituitary glands of dead cows
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BSTnow, because of genetic
engineering, large quantities of BST can be produced
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BSTgene that controls BST
production is spliced into the DNA of a bacteria “Agrobacteria”
is injected into a cow
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BSTcausing increased BST
production in the cow
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BST research at the University of
Wisconsin-Madison and Cornell University in New York has showed an average increase of 40% over lactation (305 days)
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Formula20,000# X 40% = 8000# of
extra milk8000# @ $10/cwt =$800
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Porcine Somatotropin is produced naturally by
the pituitary gland of the pig
it acts as a growth regulator
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PSTproduction decreases as
an animal matures
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PSTproduced through RDNA
technology
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PSThow it works
•A. causes an increase in cell division in muscle tissue.
•B. causes decrease in fat storage and increases in accumulation of protein.
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PSTC. improves feed
efficiency and decrease fat deposition
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ResultsA. increase in feed efficiency
29%B. increase daily gain 19%C. increase loin eye area 12%D. decreases fat 33%
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Resultsmust be injected daily
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Opposition to “Biotech” people fearproduction of new
uncontrollable disease freak animals
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Opposition to “Biotech” long term adverse effects
of environment from products
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Biotech in Crop Production lowered costs and
increased yields improved feeding valuesnew corn plant
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Biotech in Crop Productionproduces higher levels of
tryptophanamino acid essential for
protein formation in an animals body.
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Biotech in Crop Production the first plant patented
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Other areas researchedherbicide resistancepest resistance frost resistancesalt tolerantdrought resistance
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Embryo Transferwell established in cattle
industry, especially dairy
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Processcow is treated with
hormones to cause “superovulation”
can produce as many as 25 eggs
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Processdonor cow then artificially
inseminated
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Processduring this process,
“Recipient” cows or heifers are treated with hormones to synchronize their heat cycle to be the same as the donor cow.
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Processafter the eggs are fertilized
and before they leave the oviduct, the cow is “flushed” with a saline solution or a solution of egg yolk and D.M.S.O.
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Processovaries and oviducts are
massaged & flushed with fluid-which washes the fertilized eggs out of the body into a cylinder
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Process individual embryos are
located under a microscope and put into a straw
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Processembryos may be frozen
much the same as cattle semen samples
first research in the U.S. was done in central WI in 1982
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Process freezing protocol now widely
usedmost transfer work is done
non-surgically with success rates of approximately 75%
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Splitting research has also
successfully split embryos resulting in as many as 5 identical calves
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Slow Progressmany characteristics are
controlled by multiple genes instead of a single gene
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Slow Progress lack of money for researchgovernment regulationsenvironmental groups
filing lawsuits to stop research and testing
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Slow Progressmany farmers don’t
support genetic engineering because they feel we already have surplus production
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