bird vocab quiz- study vocab!!!!. kingdom animalia phylum chordata subphylum vertebrata class...
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Kingdom AnimaliaPhylum Chordata
Subphylum VertebrataClass Mammalia
SZ2- Students will explain the evolutionary history of animals over the geological
history of Earth.
Mammals evolved from early synapsid reptiles
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Pelycosaurs
• Synapsid reptiles from Pennsylvanian and Permian – 300-245 MYA
• Body close to ground• Legs away from body• Canine like teeth
Dimetron
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Therapsids
• Before dinosaurs• Evidence suggests
Mammals evolved from therapsids
• Body raised off the ground
• Limbs more under the body
• Teeth differentiated into 3 types
Lystrosaurus
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Cynodonts “dog tooth”
• Lumbar ribs reduced or absent
• Well developed secondary palate
• Lower jaw reduced to one bone
Cynognathus
Thrinaxodon
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Transitional FossilCynognathus
245-230 myaMay have been endothermic and gave birth to live youngSmaller than a wolf
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MammalsCynodonts
Therapsids
Pelycosaurs
Canine like teeth
Limbs under body, different types of teeth
Reduced ribs, 1 jaw bone
Molars, hair, glands
Synapsid reptiles
Cladogram of Synapsids
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia1. Have fur/hair
2. mammary glands
3. Viviparous- Give birth to live young (except monotremes)
4. Length of time in uterus - gestation period
5. Extended parental care
6. 4 chambered heart
7. endothermic
1. Muscular Diaphragm
2. Specialized teeth
3. Seven cervical(neck)vertebrae
4. Outer ear
5. Well developed brain- Largest cerebrum
6. Sweat glands7. Diphyodont teeth
Two sets8. Heterodont teeth
Different shapes and functions
Mammalian Anatomical Adaptations
Humans Reunite with Animals They Raised
• http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/25929574/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals/t/hugging-lions-ex-owners-reflect-his-legacy/
• http://www.treehugger.com/natural-sciences/gorilla-reunites-with-the-man-who-raised-him-video.html
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Monotremes
• “cloaca”• Lay eggs• Incubate 12 days• Lick milk from mothers
fur• Transitional species• Ex. Echidna, duck-billed
platypus
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Marsupials
• Pouched mammals• Birth to tiny embryo• Embryo attaches to
mother’s nipple to complete development
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmJkn9dJDQ8
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Marsupials and Monotremes in Australia
• Triassic Period– Mammals evolved– Pangea
• Jurassic Period– Monotremes and
marsupials migrated to southern pangea
• Cretaceous Period– Pangea breaks up
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Placental Mammals
• Placenta nourishes embryo
• Long gestation period– 22 months for elephant
• Most successful group of mammals
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Placental Mammals
• Competitive advantage over monotremes and marsupials– Better nutrition from
placenta– Less vulnerable to
predators• More advanced at birth
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Evolution of Placenta from Amniotic EggReptile • Chorion
– Oxygen from air• Amnion
– Provides private pond• Yolk Sac
– Food for embryo• Allantois
– Store urinary waste
• Mammal• Chorion
– Form placenta to get oxygen & food from mothers blood
• Amnion– Provides private pond
• Yolk sac– Temporarily make RBCs
• Allantois– Form umbilical cord
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Order Chiroptera• Only Flying mammals• Elongated fingers• Echolocation• Ex. batsImportance-• Seed dispersal• Pollination• Control insects
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Echolocation
http://animal.discovery.com/videos/fooled-by-nature-bat-vs-underwing-moth.html
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/mammals-animals/dolphins-and-porpoises/narwhals.html
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Whales
• Blue whale• 100 feet long, 120 tons
– 9 story building
• Loudest animal– 188 dB• Sound travels 100’s of miles
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Blue Whale
• Baleen whale• Eats krill– Tiny crustaceans– 400 pounds/day
• Heart weighs 1000 pounds– Size of a Volkswagen
• Endangered species
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Order Pinnipedia
• “fin feet”• Limbs modified for
swimming• Marine carnivores• Seals, sea lions, walrus
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Order Artiodactyla
• “even toe”• Two or four toes• Giraffes, impalas,
moose, bison, cows
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Order Primata
• Opposable thumb• Binocular vision• Fingernails usually• Mammary glands
reduced to one thoracic pair
• Most intelligent group of animals