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Black Box Design
Ahmad Asi, Benjimin Chang, Mehdi Dadfarnia, Serge Kamta,Ifzalul Khan
University of Maryland, College Park
10 December 2010
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Overview
Functions:
Video/Audio RecordingVehicle Event RecordingOn-Board DiagnosticsInternal Components Should Withstand 3400g and 1000oCMirroring for Fault ToleranceSolid-State Disk for ReliabilityEnvironmental StatusTamper-Resistance: Encrypted Data, TPM
Sensors:
Pressure SensorCameras
Communication:
Wireless monitoring through Satellite
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Problem Statement
Provide feedback about the status and health of the vehicle
Record accident data
Provide security of data
Can be used by:
Field Technician SoldiersCommand Center MechanicData Analyst
Can Be Used At:
FieldCommand Center
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Potential Bene�ts
Vehicle Tracking through GPS
Remotely monitoring vehicle status
Accident Prediction, avoiding catastrophic failure
Detect and report the reliability of the vehicle
E�ciency data to improve vehicle and overall systemperformance
Modular versatility that allows integration into several types ofvehicles
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Project Stakeholders
ENES489P Black-Box Team and Advisors
Military Logistics Agency
Soldier
Budget
Military Doctrine
Manufacturers
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Use Cases
Use Case 1: Installation and Testing
Use Case 2: Operation
Use Case 3: Retrieving Data
Use Case 4: Threats to System/Reliability
Use Case 5: Maintenance
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Use Case 1: Installation and Testing
Major reconfiguration
required
Minor calibration needed
Mechanic receives black
box from systems analyst
Test Software verifies
compatibility
Notify manufacture
Mechanic installs black
box
Input compartment dimensions
Input Types of Sensors
Input Number
of Sensors
No
Yes
No
Yes
Installed Correctly?
Is the black Box compatible?
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Use Case 2: Normal Operation
Data is also stored (same
manner as the
computer hard-drive)
in the external
hard-drive
Retrieve GPS/OBD2/camera retriever data via computer's usb
interface, and process it
data is stored in computer hard-drive in 1-minute data
packets designated as 'good' data or
'bad' data
GPS/OBD2/camera software
uses/manipulates data
Data is processed and displayed on the monitor
No excess data data reaches 70% capacity in computer hard-drive or external hard-drive
Turn on vehicle
Data seems irregular/warning/malfunctioning
No data irregularities
Data retreival (has its own used case
activity diagram)
Black Box SystemField-Tech SoldierBase Mechanic Command Center Analyst
Data Recorder acts in accordance with
the 'Accidents' Operation
Mechanisms (has its own used case)
Continue Using the Black Box
System
Maintenance (has its own used case
activity diagram)
Data Rotator program
deletes the oldest 'good'
excessive data
Normal Operations
Accident Operations
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Use Case 3: Retrieving Data
Check PowerConnect ReaderLog InDownload DataRelease Reader
Power OnBlack Box Locate VehicleOn MapInitiateConnection
Local Access?Black Box Active?
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Use Case 4: Accident Operations/Reliability
Black Box operating under normal
conditions
Combat Effects
Data Rotator software does
not delete oldest 'Good' data. Records until it fills up
Combat Effects
Data rotator software
enables system to act under
normal conditions for 30
minutes and then switches
to a locator beacon.
Is Main Power Supply Available?
YES
YES
NO
NO
Car Accident?
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Use Case 5: Maintenance
Receive DataCompare Data toHistoric DataAlert Operator ErrorCode and Sensor Send Signal to Command Center
Return HomeCommand CenterDispatches Assistance
Abnormal Data?Vehicle Operational?
Black BoxAll Sensors Functional?
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
System Design
On-Board Diagnos�csBuilt-in vehicle sensor network for
various vehicle sub-systems
Black Box (Obsecured)Located below sea!ng area for
obsecurity
Right Boundary
Camera
Le! Boundary
Camera
Rear Boundary
Camera
Front Boundary
Camera
Pressure Sensors
Used for passenger detec!on
Camera/GPS/Monitor
Records vehicle interior events,
provide user feedback of black box,
and provides loca!on data
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Black Box Layout
Back-Up
Ba!ery
Data
Acquisi"on
Unit
GPS
WIFI
Main Power
Input
Solid State
Disk (A)
Solid State
Disk (B)
Data
Output
TPM
ConnectorIn
pu
t Po
rts
Ext GPS
Ant.
Ext WIFI
Ant.
Power
Supply
Unit
CPU
Me
mo
ry
Me
mo
ry
TPM
“eFUSE”
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Requirements
High Level Requirements
Requirement 1 Be as indestructible as possible
Requirement 2 Be mountable to army vehicles
Requirement 3Store data from camera, vehicle
sensors, and location (GPS)
Requirement 4Have accessible data for army
command and base centers
Requirement 5 Be tamper-resistant
Requirement 6 Accommodate accident-scenarios
Requirement 7Have accessible data displayed for
Field-Technician Soldiers
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Traceability
Used CaseHigh-Level
Requirement
Component
RequirementDescription Components
Normal
Operations
Requirement
3
RAM 1, 2;
PRC 1, 2, 3;
CHD 1,2;
EHD 1, 2
Black box
must store
data and it
must do so
as e�ciently
(eg speed,
power) as
possible.
Memory,
Processor,
SSD and
Redundant
SSD
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Trade-O� Analysis: Performance vs. Cost
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Trade-O� Analysis: Power E�ciency vs. Cost
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Trade-O� Analysis: Performance vs. Power E�ciency
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design
Summary
Trade-O� Curve Points of Interest
Performance vs Cost 22, 1, 10, 27, 17
Power E�ciency vs Cost 27, 22, 24, 17, 13, 1
Performance vs Power 1, 7, 27, 17, 22
All 22, 1, 27, 17
Asi, Chang, Dadfarnia, Kamta, Khan Black Box Design