Orissa Engineering College

Submitted By :

Subrat MannaSatya Ranjan RoulRitwik Ch. Pandia

Shakti Prasad RoutRakesh Ku. SahooSwagat Ku. Dutta

BLACK BOX

Guided By:

Prof. Pravat Kumar

Dash(Dept. of Electronics

and Telecomm.)

What is a BLACK BOX ?

Any commercial aeroplane or corporate jet is required to be equipped with a cockpit voice recorder and a flight data recorder refer to as “BLACK BOX”.

FEATURES: Steel armor plate Layer of insulation A thick slab of paraffin Exposure to a 1,110°C fire for an hour and 260°C heat for 10 hours Can operate between -55° to +70°C Can carries a minimum 25 hours of flight data Submerged under the equivalent of 6,000 m of seawater for one

month

introduction Used in the vehicles to monitor the Final

moment of impact during the accident This project is developed to record location

of the vehicle at the time of accident & Determining location information using GPS technology and to be displayed on the LCD

When the car crashes the system send the accident alert and the current position of the vehicle to a preprogrammed mobile number via GSM modem

Block diagram

GSM Antenna

GPS Modem

GSM Modem

GPS Antenna

Vibration Sensor

ATmega16

Alert System

Monitor

LCD

Circuit diagram

Hardware Requirements

TRANSFORMER (230 – 12 V AC)

VOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM 7805)

RECTIFIER MICROCONTROLLER GSM MODULE PIEZO SENSOR IN4007

RESISTOR CAPACITOR GPS MOTOR DRIVER DC MOTOR LCD RELAY LED

Power supply

working

Transformer Output Waveform of transformer

Converts AC electricity from one voltage to another with a little loss of power

Here we are using a step down transformer TURNS RATIO (Vp / Vs) = ( Np / Ns )

Rectifier

A rectifier converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying.

There are several types of rectifiers; here we use a bridge rectifier

SMOOTHING

The smoothing block smoothens the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple and the ripple voltage is defined as the deviation of the load voltage from its DC value.

Smoothing is also named as filtering.

Filtering is frequently effected by shunting the load with a capacitor

REGULATOR

Regulator eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage. Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed (typically 5V, 12V and 15V) or variable output voltages

Negative voltage regulators are also available

Many of the fixed voltage regulator ICs has 3 leads (input, output and high impedance).

They include a hole for attaching a heat sink if necessary

MOTOR DRIVER(L293D)

L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). Motor drivers act as current amplifiers since they take a low-current control signal and provide a higher-current signal. This higher current signal is used to drive the motors L293D contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver circuits. In its common mode of operation, two DC motors can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse direction. The motor operations of two motors can be controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15. Input logic 00 or 11 will stop the corresponding motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in clockwise and anticlockwise directions, respectively

WHAT IS A MICROCONTROLLER?

A microcontroller is an integrated chip that is often part of an embedded system. The microcontroller includes a CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O ports, and timers like a standard computer, but because they are designed to execute only a single specific task to control a single system

In a microcontroller program you receive the inputs from a set of input pins that you specify and then process the input and produce your output on a set of output pins in form digital signal

Microcontroller (ATmega16)

Brain of the projectHigh-performancelow-power consumption8-bit16KB of programmable flash memoryInternal A/D converter (8-channel, 10 bit)Operates between 4.5-5.5 voltsMax operating frequency -16MHzTotal no of pins – 40Internal oscillator

MICROcontrolleRATmega16 pin diagram

Relay an electrically

operated switch Control a high-

voltage circuit with a low-voltage signal

Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts

Diode (IN4007) maximum

reverse bias voltage capacity of 50V

maximum forward current capacity of 1 Amp

DC Motor

It is of two types Brush The brushed DC electric motor generates torque directly from DC power BrushlessDC motors use a rotating permanent magnet in the rotorDC motors use a rotating permanent magnet in the rotor Here we are using Brushed shunt type motor

Piezosensor piezoelectric force sensors are mostly

used for dynamic force measurements

When a force is applied to the impact cap, the quartz elements generate an output voltage which can be routed directly to a charge amplifier or converted to a low-impedance signal within the sensor

GPS SystemGPS modem is a device which receives signals from satellite and provides information about latitude, longitude, altitude, time etc.

GSM Modem

GSM/GPRS module is used to establish communication between a computer and a GSM-GPRS system

Function of GSM Modem1. Receive, send or delete SMS messages in a SIM2. Read, add, search phonebook entries of the SIM3. Make, Receive, or reject a voice call

Interfacing MODEM with Windows platform

1) Connect RS-232 port of GSM module with the serial port of the computer. Insert a SIM card in the module.

2) Open HyperTerminal from Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> Communications -> HyperTerminal.

3) Enter a name for the connection and press OK.4) Now select the communication port (COM) at which

GSM module is connected.5) Create a new connection set on HyperTerminal. Set

parameters, like baud rate as 9600, handshaking mode as none, parity bit as none, stop bit as 1 and data bit as 8.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS There are several ways that you can write, compile, and

download a program to the ATmega16 microcontroller. In this class, we will use a freeware package of software

tools named WinAVR (pronounced, “whenever”). WinAVR consists of a suite of executable, open source

software development tools for the Atmel AVR series of RISC microprocessors hosted on the Windows platform.

It includes the GNU GCC compiler for C and C++, which is sometimes referred to as avr-gcc. Traditionally, the microcontroller in embedded systems was programmed directly using assembly language. Assembly language uses only the basic instruction set for a particular microcontroller.

Future Scope When the coordinates are fed into the

GPS system we can get an exact location of the incident place.

When using software in mobile we can directly find the incident location.

Thank You