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802.1x and
BEYOND!
Brad Antoniewicz
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Copyright © 2014
McAfee, Inc. 2 [email protected] @brad_anton @foundstone
Hi, I’m @brad_anton
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McAfee, Inc. 3 [email protected] @brad_anton @foundstone
Agenda
About 802.1x
Attacks
Fuzzing/Tools
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■ SZ
y
IEEE 802.1x Port-Based network access control
Cause not everyone is welcome at church?
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Supplicant Authenticator Authentication Server
Flow (IEEE 802.1x)
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Wireless Client
Access Point
RADIUS Server
802.11
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Wired Client
Network Switch
RADIUS Server
Ethernet
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TRUSTED UNTRUSTED
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What if I….
Cisco ACS 4.2
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`
EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol
RFC3748
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EAP
802.1x
(Layer 2)
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EAP
Type:
PEAP, EAP-TTLS,
EAP-FAST, etc.. (Layer 2)
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EAP
RADIUS
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DALAI LAMA
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(layer 3)
RADIUS
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RADIUS Remote Access Dial-In User Service
DSL/Dialup VPN
RFC2865/2869
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Integration User Database
Active Directory
SecurID
LDAP
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Surface
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Surface
External Auth Handler
RADIUS/EAP/Types 802.1x/EAP/Types
(Protocol/Configuration/Handling issues)
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Surface Mgmt Web UI
Mgmt Web UI Mgmt Web UI
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Attacks
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Sniffing
Offline Brute-Force Shared Secret/User-Password: john
CHAP: hashcat
EAP Data..: asleap, and eapmd5pass
Clear-text Data User-name AVP/Eap Ident
NAS-Id
Calling-Station
State
no need to be fancy, just
use Wireshark
(Protocol Issue)
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(Configuration Issue)
Impersonation
Attacker Controlled
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(Configuration Issue)
FreeRADIUS-WPE
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(Configuration Issue)
hostapd-wpe https://github.com/OpenSecurityResearch/hostapd-wpe
• Supports Tons of EAP-Types (including EAP-FAST Phase 0)
• Always Returns EAP-Success
• Requests PAP first
• Responds to all 802.11 probe requests
• Heartbleed (Cupid)
• Saves to file/outputs NETNTLM format
Thanks to JoMo-Kun, @lgrangeia, and @haxorthematrix for
Patches/Functionality and improvement suggestions
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RADIUS/EAP/802.1x
Fuzz
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Peach
Overview DataModel
StateModel
Publisher
Agent Agent
Transformers,
mutators, etc.. Targets
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DataModels EAP
Eap.xml
EapFast.xml
EapGtc.xml
EapLeap.xml
EapMd5.xml
EapMschapv2.xml
EapPeap.xml
EapTls.xml
EapTlv.xml
RADIUS
Radius.xml
Supporting
Protocols
Tls.xml
Mschapv2.xml
Utilities
Utils.xml
802.1x
Ieee802.1x.xml
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DataModel
Radius.xml
Cisco ACS
StateModel
Tests
VS DataModel
TekRADIUS
StateModel
Tests
VS DataModel
MS NPS/IAS
StateModel
Tests
VS DataModel
SBR/FreeRadius
StateModel
Tests
VS DataModel
Fuzzers
UDPPublisher
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Publishers
all via wired, supports all tunneled EAP Types
RadiusPublisher Eap.xml
RadiusPeapPublisher Eap.xml
EthernetPeapPublisher Eap.xml
RawEthernetPublisher Ieee8021x.xml
TL
S
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Surface Mgmt Web UI
Mgmt Web UI Mgmt Web UI
StringMutator.Data.cs: namespace Peach.Core.Mutators { public partial class StringMutator { static readonly string[] values = new string[] {
LDAP Injection XSS SQL Injection CMD Injection etc… } }
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RADIUS/802.1x/EAP
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Tools
Existing: libeap
Pyradius
Releasing: Radius .Net (forked)
Eap .Net
OpenSSL .NET ..i know.. “ugh .Net”
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Libz
OpenSSL.NET (Fork) SslUdp SslClient = new SslUdp(false) SslUdp SslSvr= new SslUdp(pub, priv, true) SslSvr.Send(ePkt.RawData)
Eap.NET (New) RadiusEapSession eClient = new RadiusEapSession(host, secret) EthernetEapSession eSvr = new EthernetEapSession(dev, pub, priv) EapPacket ePkt = new EapPacket(bytes) // Recv EapPacket ePkt = new EapPacket(Code, Type, ID); ePkt.SetEapData(bytes);
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Profiling
AVP-State (RADIUS)
Maintains State of the Connection
Active/Passive
Cisco: “acs/Number/Number”
MS NPS: 38 Bytes
EAP-Res/Ident Username
MS NPS: Will reject if ! valid
Others: Doesn’t matter
Msg-Auth. (RADIUS)
Cisco: Ignores
Others: Access-Reject
RadiusEapProfiler.exe
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Brute-Force
Password a.k.a Active Brute
Force (..meh)
Usernames NPS: Eap-Resp/Identity
EAP-Type Client Downgrade
eapEnum.exe
Or Enumeration …whatever
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wpa_supplicant-wpe enumeration/profiles/exploits
TODO
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■ Don’t try to fuzz EAP over WiFi or using
wpa_supplicant or through an authenticator
■ eapol_test is great (“make eapol_test“ in
wpa_supplicant)
■ netsh lan reconnect will start a 802.1x
connection on Windows 7 and 8.1
■ +hpa +ust to find the real goodies
Notes for the researchers
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Exploitation
&
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? @brad_anton
*many of the pics in this presentation were found on the
internet – credit goes to images.google.com