Black Hole

• Extremely dense point = Singularity – Bottom of the funnel

• Billion tons/golf ball

• Enormous gravity field

• Light cannot escape from a black hole

• Looks like a funnel

• Top of Funnel = Event Horizon

Black Holes come from Collapsed Massive Stars

• Massive > 8 solar masses• F=(M1xM2)/dist^2 (Newton’s universal law of

gravitation• Massive star has to go supernova• Supernova is a star which explodes• Proton-proton chain reaction = Nuclear Fusion• Burn H into He – Sun wants to explode all the

time

Proton-Proton (Nuclear Force) v Gravity

• Nuclear furnace goes out when runs out of fuel• H->He->O->…->Fe• Star core fusion produces energy until it starts to

burn Fe . . . Now it requires energy!• The core no longer can win against gravity• Star collapses into the core• Rebounds• Spews elements 1-92 into space

Neutron Star

• Something left over in the core is either a neutron star or , if the progenitor star was very massive, a black hole.

Element Synthesis

• Elements 1-26 are forged in ordinary stars• Heavy elements up to 92 are formed by

supernovas• Strong Nuclear Force (double-sided sticky tape)

holds the protons (+) together• Protons that get smashed together stay together• Supernovas occur every second in the universe

Space-Time Continuum (the fourth dimension)

• Arrow of time points forward

• Law of Entropy – disorder increases with time (things left to themselves)

• Masses on a space-time continuum for an indent called a gravity well and it loks like a funnel