black liquor gasification and bio-fuel production in canada•to produce fresh cooking liquor •to...
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Natural ResourcesCanada
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Black Liquor Gasification and
Bio-Fuel Production in Canada
Mark Byron
CANMET Energy Technology Centre – OttawaBioenergy Development Program
ExCo54 Doc 04.04
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Black Liquor Gasification and
Bio-Fuel Production in Canada
©Current Status of Black Liquor and Canadian P&P Industry
©BLG Options Under Consideration
©BLG and the Bio-Refinery – Challenges
©Conclusions
©Current BLG Activities in Canada
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Canadian Pulp & Paper IndustryCurrent Situation
©Under ENORMOUS Pressure from Global Competition
©Generally Small Mills by World Standards
©Remote Locations Necessitate Self-Sufficiency
©Net Users of Energy: Supplemented from Fossil Fuels and Purchased Power
©Use 100% of all Wood and Wood Waste – Shortage of Excess Biomass
©Great Variation in Mills Across Country− Wood Species, Energy Use, Age of Equipment
©VERY Conservative and Risk Averse
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Bioenergy in Canada 1996 ( PJ/a)
90
175305
20
Residential Heating
Industrial incl.IPP's
Pulping Liquor
MSW/LFG
Biomass Accounts for 5% of Canada’s Energy Supply
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Kraft Pulping Process FlowKraft Pulping
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Recovery Objectives•To recover the chemicals from the spent cooking (black) liquor•To produce fresh cooking liquor•To incinerate the dissolved organic residuals to recover energySteps
- concentration of weak black liquor in multiple-effect evaporators to form strong black liquor
- black liquor oxidation (if required)- addition of saltcake to make up soda loss- incineration of liquor in recovery furnace- dissolving smelt from the furnace to form green liquor- causticizing of green liquor with lime to form white
liquor- burning of lime mud to recover lime
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Pulping with Gasification
Schematic Courtesy of K.Whitty
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Black Liquor Gasification offers energy self-sufficiency for the pulp and paper industry. It more than doubles the ability to generate electric power from renewable biomass – or alternatively it can produce significant amounts of liquid fuels and/or bio-based chemicals.
BLG
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Black Liquor Gasification Combined Cycle
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Bio-Fuel Products
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Drivers for Black Liquor Gasification© Energy
©– Double electrical output while maintaining steam output
©– 5-10% higher thermal efficiency than modern recovery boilers
© Environment
©– Lower CO2 emissions by offsetting fossil fuel
©– Lower emissions of NOx, SO2, CO, VOC's, particulates
© Economics
©– Benefit from improved energy performance
©– Can improve pulp yield by 2-4% through integration
© Other
©– Eliminates risk of smelt-water explosions
©– Benefits to mill processes (e.g. O2-delig, O3 bleaching
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Mill Integration Considerations
© Recovery and conversion of sulfur and sodium to pulping chemicals is as important as energy recovery
© 99+% recovery of S and Na is required, so excellent gas cleaning is a necessity
© Product gas must meet turbine inlet specifications (particulates, S, Cl)
© Non Process Elements or NPE’s (K, Cl, etc.) must be dealt with
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BLG and the Bio-Refinery – Challenges
©Net Users of Energy – Source of Supplemental Power?
©Shortage of Excess Biomass
©Remoteness of Mills
©Scale of Mills
©Lack of Bio-Fuel Use, Infrastructure, Acceptance in Canada – What to do with Bio-Fuel Products?
©Conservative Nature of P&P Industry – Change is Painful
©$$$$$$$
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BLG and the Bio-Refinery – Conclusions
©BLG will be a Hard Sell – Necessity for Survival?
©BLG & Bio-Refinery will be an even Harder Sell
©More than Just Economic Considerations
©BLGCC More Attractive Option
− Meets Energy Demands
− Ease and Flexibility of Selling Excess Power on Grid
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Canadian Initiative on Black Liquor Gasification
©Initiative to coordinate Canadian activities, and take advantage of existing and future funding programs
©MISSION
− To facilitate and accelerate the deployment of commercial-scale black liquor gasification in Canada. This will be achieved by reducing the technical barriers and fostering understanding of the potential benefits and risks of a successful installation
© 1st MEETING
− February 2003, Atlanta (IEA Annex XV Meeting)
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Canadian Initiative on Black Liquor Gasification
©PARTICIPANTS
− Natural Resources Canada
− Noram Engineering
− Norampac
− PAPRICAN
− UBC/PSL
− UofT/Simulent
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Canadian Initiative on Black Liquor Gasification
©Future Direction
− Focus activity and develop National Strategic Direction
− Share Information
− Secure additional sources of funds
− Broaden participation
− Continued International Cooperation – IEA Annex XV
− Transition to Industry-led Initiative