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T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005 Blended Learning Trevor Barker University of Hertfordshire LB206 [email protected]

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Page 1: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

Blended Learning

Trevor BarkerUniversity of [email protected]

Page 2: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

Disclaimer

The Blended Learning Unit is having its very first meeting next weekWill set objectives, priorities, mission etc.Will establish a common visionWhat you hear from me today is based on my experience and is simply my view of things, related specifically to software development issues and to my research

Page 3: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

Blended Learning

A learning programme where more than one delivery mode is being usedObjectives –

To optimise the learning and cost balanceThe matching of learning objectives, learning style/preference and delivery mode.

Page 4: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

ObjectivesBlended Learning

What is a blend – and what is not oneBlended Learning and Learning TheoryHow does it all fit together?A framework for Blended LearningEvaluation of Blended LearningLearning ObjectsAssessment

Page 5: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

HistoryOff-computer education in UK ~ 1066Computers used in education ~1960sProgrammed Instruction ~ 1970s and 1980sMultimedia for education un UK~1991 Windows 3.1Internet for education in UK~ 1992 Web for education in UK ~1995blended learning – term used ~1997Managed Learning Environments ~ 1997“Blended Learning” – term used ~2001Evidence for efficacy – not seen any yet!

Page 6: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

What constitutes a blendFor me, a blend involves a strategy which includes the selection of the delivery of the following things

Learning activitiesTeaching and Learning methodsLearning materialsInformationStudy skillsLearning objectsLearning tasksLearning strategiesFormative and Summative Assessment

Page 7: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

What is involvedOnline and offline (i.e. computer) workingMultimedia and other materials & toolsTasks and activities – planned activitiesGroup and individual workingFlexibility – self directed, self pacedStudent centred approachTutor as facilitator - managerConstructive approach to teachingReal life skills – situated in contextStructured and unstructured learningSimulation in protected environments

Page 8: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

What is a blend – and what is not one

In the past BL was considered simply using e-learning methods within a traditional delivery scheme – this is not a blend in my viewA blend is the optimal mix of learning methods for a given situationJust having a random mix of on and off-line objects, tasks and activities is not in itself a blend.BL it is claimed facilitates the widest possible impact of a learning experience, using a wide range of tools and methods. Attends to individual style

Page 9: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

How do we get the right mixCreating a blend is an evolutionary processThe objectives of a blend are to ensure as best as possible

AttentionEngagementCommitmentRelevanceConfidenceMotivationSatisfactionSupport

These should influenceall stages, especiallyrequirements and evaluation

Learner

Learning ObjectivesRequirements

Designing a blend

Implement

Evaluate

Page 10: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

Approaches to a blend

(Singh and Reed 2004)

Page 11: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

Reusable learning objects

These are the goal of many BL enthusiastsProblems are many

RelevanceContextStructureDeliveryInstructional intentions

Lack of theory

Page 12: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

Theory – what is relevant?Application to existing learning theories

Constructive / Instructive mixCognitive / Behaviourist theory

Theory of DesignMaterials multimedia, paper, web,Delivery – various modes

Theories of presentationTheories of distance learningLearning styles and preferencesTheories of integration

Page 13: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

Issues that influence a blend

Audience, type, size and levelNeed for differentiationInfrastructure and supportContent and strategyMaterialsCost and efficiency

Page 14: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

Merrill’s 7 factors The following factors should be taken into consideration

Problem-based LearningCollaborative Learning Activation of previous knowledge Demonstration of new knowledgeApplication of new knowledge Integration of new knowledge into the learner's world Assessment of the learning process and learners' progress

Page 15: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

When is a BL approach the right one? - Checklist

Audience expectation and experiencesAudience motivationContent complexityNeed to teach physical skillsTeam and group workingDevelopment time and cost for materialsStability of content over time

Page 16: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

When is a BL approach the right one? - Checklist

Timescale for training – short or longLearner flexibility and distance issuesAccess to computers and online contentAvailability of support and instructional designersLearners are motivated to work online

Page 17: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005© Bersin & Associates27 Blended Learning: What Works™Blended Learning: What Works™

The Blended Learning ProcessThe Blended Learning Process

IdentifyIdentifyBusinessBusiness

ChallengeChallenge

DefineDefineLearningLearning

ChallengeChallenge

CharacterizeCharacterizeAudienceAudience

DevelopDevelopLearning PlanLearning Plan

DevelopDevelopMeasurementMeasurementStrategyStrategy

ImplementImplementInfrastructureInfrastructure

(see infrastructure(see infrastructureDiagram)Diagram)

DevelopDevelopOrOr

BuyBuyContentContent

LaunchLaunchProgramProgram

TrackTrackProgressProgress

MeasureMeasureResultsResults

11 22 33 44

Page 18: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

Organisation of Blended Learning

Deployment and support is crucialManagement commitmentInstructional designMultimedia designHigh bandwidth connectionAccess to PCs and the internet for all learnersDevelopment choices: in-house - outsource

Page 19: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

Assessment

Assessment objectsA mixture of summative methods

Computer-Based Testing, group and peer assessment, practical work, examinations,

Adaptive testingFormative assessmentAutomated feedbackProduction of learner profiles

Page 20: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

EvaluationWhat is the evidence that BL works?

Lots of anecdotal evidenceLots of championsLots of investment

Needs a realistic approach to evaluationLooking at materials, strategies and methodsLooking at comparison with other approachesLooking at learning and evaluation frameworksWhat to evaluateWhat does it prove? – be realisticAcademic as well as practical issuesThe influence of context

Page 21: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

Summary BL

Page 22: blended learning - CSS Homepageshomepages.herts.ac.uk/~comqtb/blended learning01.pdf · a“Blended Learning ... `Information `Study skills `Learning objects `Learning tasks `Learning

T. Barker BLU 15 April 2005

Experiences of Blended Learning - see later

Multimedia – materials developmentGroup working – here and elsewhereOnline systems – working with the OUIntelligent systems – student modelsThe balance between constructive and instructive environments