Block 1

War of War of independenceindependence

1. Long history of independence

2. The economy flourished

3. Self-reliance

4. Attitude of the mother country

5. Puritan revolution in England

6. Cooperation between the colonies

7. Help from the French

8. Blockade harmed British commerce

9. Settlers fought at home

10. Long British supply lines

1777-1783SaratogaYorktown

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How did the colonists manage to defeat the British?

War War

andand

IndependenceIndependence

Review: A Brief Timeline:

1776: Declaration of Independence

1776: British capture New York City

1776 – 1781 Revolutionary War

1781: French ships come to aid the colonists

1781: Britain surrenders

1783: Treaty of Paris

1787: Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia

1787: Northwest Ordinance

1789: U.S. Constitution ratified

1789: George Washington sworn in as first President of the United States

RailroadsRailroadsRailroadsRailroads

New wealthNew wealthNew wealthNew wealth

Wesley PowellWesley PowellWesley PowellWesley Powell

BuffaloBuffaloBuffaloBuffalo

Gold!Gold!

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears

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Northwest OrdinanceNorthwest Ordinance

17871787

Northwest OrdinanceNorthwest Ordinance

17871787

• No slavery in the new territory

• Trial by jury

• Freedom of religious worship

• No cruel or unusual punishment for a crime

“Indian lands and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and in their property, rights and liberty they shall never be invaded or disturbed...”

Lewis & ClarkLewis & Clark

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Wesley PowellWesley Powell

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Lewis & Clark1804 - 1806Lewis & Clark1804 - 1806Lewis & Clark1804 - 1806Lewis & Clark1804 - 1806

QualityTakes time!

Lewis & Clark’s Indian Guide: Sacagawea

"The Indian woman," Lewis wrote in his journal, "to whom I ascribe equal fortitude and resolution, with any person onboard at the time of the accident, caught and preserved most of the light articles which were washed overboard."

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears

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War of 1812War of 1812War of 1812War of 1812

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• US declares war on Britain

•British capture and burn Washington DC

• Americans defeat British in New Orleans

• No more attacks on the USA at home until September 11, 2001

“The Star-Spangled Banner” written in 1814, becomes the National Anthem

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears

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New wealthNew wealth

Wesley PowellWesley Powell

Chapter 9Chapter 9Chapter 9Chapter 9

BuffaloBuffalo

Trail of Tears 1838Cherokee and other tribes driven away from their lands to Oklahoma.

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Wesley PowellWesley Powell

Trails to the WestTrails to the WestTrails to the WestTrails to the West

BuffaloBuffalo

TrailsTrails

DonnerParty

OregonTrail

PonyExpress

Riders : 80 -100Age: 11 - 40sRiders Changed : 75 -100 milesHorses Changed : 10 -15 miles

Quickest Run : 7 days, 17 hours (Lincoln's Inaugural Address, 1861)Cost of Mail : $5 per 1/2 ounce

Conestoga wagon

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BuffaloBuffaloBuffaloBuffalo

BuffaloBuffalo

1883: Bill CodyBuffalo Bill’s

Wild West Show

60 million buffalo lived on the Great Plains

They were central to the existence of the Plains Indians: food: “jerky”, hides, and bone implements, dried dung, “buffalo chips”, used as fuel; part of religious ceremonies

1830 to 1889: methodical destructionfor sport, for hides, and to starve out the Native Americans: buffalo reduced to fewer than 1,000

Today about 30,000 buffalo live in protected areas, such as Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming.

60 million buffalo lived on the Great Plains

They were central to the existence of the Plains Indians: food: “jerky”, hides, and bone implements, dried dung, “buffalo chips”, used as fuel; part of religious ceremonies

1830 to 1889: methodical destructionfor sport, for hides, and to starve out the Native Americans: buffalo reduced to fewer than 1,000

Today about 30,000 buffalo live in protected areas, such as Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming.

Walt WhitmanWalt Whitman

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New wealthNew wealth

Wesley PowellWesley Powell

New WealthNew WealthNew WealthNew Wealth

BuffaloBuffalo

Immigrants sent home (in this case to Germany) photos to prove they were succesful in their new country. They even moved the organ outside to avoid having to show their house which was not (yet) up to scratch.

Gold!Gold!

RailroadsRailroads

New wealthNew wealth

Wesley PowellWesley Powell

Wesley PowellWesley PowellWesley PowellWesley Powell

BuffaloBuffalo

Wesley Powell:first to boat the Colorado river through the Grand Canyon

Year: 1869Profession: geologist

Ten companions,four boats.

The Grand CanyonThe Grand CanyonThe Grand CanyonThe Grand Canyon

The Grand Canyon SkywalkThe Grand Canyon SkywalkThe Grand Canyon SkywalkThe Grand Canyon Skywalk

“Just like an eagle can fly into the Grand Canyon, my vision was for the visitors to walk the path of the eagle, and become surrounded by the Grand Canyon… My dream was to find a balance between form, function and nature.” –David Jin, Hualapai Tribe

The End

Video clip:Rafting on the Colorado River, Grand Canyon , Arizona