Block Diagram

Computer Simulation

Color Mixing

Computer Design

Computer Design

Computer design

Outlook in EuropeThe Workshop on LED Manufacturing for Lighting & Displays

was held in Berlin, Germany on September 10-11, 2007.

Significant advances in performance will be needed to realize these expectations, as follows:

 • Output of a single white LED to exceed 200 lumens • Radiant conversion efficiency to exceed 150 lm/W • Luminance greater than 50 Mcd/m2 • Lifetime greater than 50,000 hours • Integration into large-area panels • Integration with driving electronics • Resistance to harsh weather conditions

Advantages and challenges

Luminaire manufacturers also expressed great interest in LEDs. Among the design advantages offered by LEDs the following were mentioned: • Very compact dimensions of lighting fixtures • Can fit in conventional light fittings; • Dimming is possible without change in colour temperature; • Colour of light is adjustable with use of multi-coloured LEDs, enabling dynamic colour control and high colour saturation • Large range of colour temperatures • Long operating life • Reduced or zero maintenance costs • High luminous efficiency • Absence of IR and UV light • Safety, because of very low voltage • Very reduced amount of heat (no risk of burns) • Cold switch-on (down to -40°C) and higher efficacy at cold temperatures • Precise directional emission without accessories or refractors • Use of efficient optics made of polymers

LED Eye Safety

Cost At present, incandescent and fluorescent lamps

have a cost-per-lumen ratio of $0.03–0.05 and $0.06, respectively. To compete, the figure for LEDs needs to drop by a factor of 20. But increasing drive current to 2 A and efficacy to 150 lm/W will deliver a nine-fold improvement, which means that we can get into the right ballpark if we can halve the cost of making LEDs.

Outlook in USA

• DOE's long-term research and development goal calls for white-light LEDs producing 160 lm/W in cost-effective, market-ready systems by 2025.

R & D of LED

Thank you for your coming

You and Shanghai University will have a great and bright future