Blood Drugs

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Blood drugs that are useful in treating three important dysfunctions of blood: thrombosis, bleeding, and anemia. formation of an unwanted clot within a blood vessels is the most

common abnormality of hemostasis. These are treated with drugs such as anticoagulants and

fibrinolytic.

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The Hemostatic System

vasospasm platelets (5HT, TXA2)

platelet plug adhesion, activation, aggregation

Accidental injury pathological injury hypercholesterolemia,

diabetes, hypertension Coagulation cascade – platelet activation and

coagulation

fibrin plug extrinsic, intrinsic (humoral)

Recanalization fibrinolysis

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Platelet functiondisruption of endothelium

platelet adhesion

platelet activation

platelet release

platelet aggregation

agonist binding

• thrombin

• serotonin

• ADP

• TXA2

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AspirinAspirin causes several different effects in the body, mainly the reduction of inflammation, analgesia (relief of pain), the prevention of clotting, and the reduction of fever. Aspirin's ability to suppress the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes is due to its irreversible inactivation of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. Cyclooxygenase is required for prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis.

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Blocks platelet ADP receptor and prevents activation and aggregation

Is often used in combination with aspirin (synergistic action), for angioplasty and stenting surgery To prevent secondary strokes and in unstable angina

Clopidogrel (PLAVIX) Similar to ticlopidine and used same way Less incidence of neutropenia or thrombocytopenia Used in combination with aspirin

Ticlopidine (TICLID) 6

Anticoagulants Heparin

Heparin is used to treat and prevent blood clots in the veins, arteries, or lung. It is also used before surgery to reduce the risk of blood clots.

Administration - parenteral- Do not inject IM - only IV Adverse effect: hemorrhage

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Warfarin 8

Warfarin is used to treat or prevent blood clots in veins or arteries, which can reduce the risk of stroke, heart attack, or other serious conditions.Side Effect : Severe bleeding, Bleeding from the rectum or black stool, Skin conditions such as hives, a rash or itching ,Swelling of the face, throat, mouth, legs, feet or hands, Bruising that comes about without an injury you remember ,Chest pain or pressure Nausea or vomiting, Fever or flu-like symptoms , Joint or muscle aches, diarrhea Difficulty moving, Numbness of tingling in any part of your body, Painful erection lasting four hours or longer

Fibrinolytics Thrombolytic drugs are used to dissolve (lyse) blood clots

(thrombi).

Streptokinase Binds to plasminogen and generate plasmin are used in acute myocardial infarction, arterial and venous

thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. These compounds are antigenic because they are derived from streptococci bacteria.

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