blood flow summar y blood vessels the blood the heart circulatory system
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Circulatory SystemCirculatory System
You Gotta Have HeartYou Gotta Have Heart
The Circulatory SystemThe Circulatory System
Circulatory System Consists Circulatory System Consists of…of…
Blood VesselsBlood Vessels
BloodBlood
HeartHeart
OverviewOverview The Heart pumps blood through The Heart pumps blood through
the body through blood vessels the body through blood vessels ((arteries, capillaries and veinsarteries, capillaries and veins))
ArteriesArteries take blood away from take blood away from the heart, veins return blood to the heart, veins return blood to the heartthe heart
Blood carries OBlood carries O22 (food) towards (food) towards and COand CO22 (waste) away from tissues (waste) away from tissues
The lungs are not part of the The lungs are not part of the circulatory system!!circulatory system!!
Circulatory SystemCirculatory System
BLOOD VESSELSBLOOD VESSELS
Two PathwaysTwo Pathways
PulmonaryPulmonary CirculationCirculation– Carries blood to lungs Carries blood to lungs
and backand back
SystemicSystemic Circulation Circulation– Carries blood to body Carries blood to body
and backand back
Your Blood Vessels: Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of CirculationPathway of Circulation
3 types of vessels3 types of vessels– ArteriesArteries (mostly (mostly
shown as Red shown as Red because blood has Obecause blood has O22))
– CapillariesCapillaries (Red and (Red and Blue because some OBlue because some O22 lost to tissues)lost to tissues)
– VeinsVeins (mostly shown (mostly shown as Blue because Oas Blue because O22 lost to tissues)lost to tissues)
Red Blood and Blue BloodRed Blood and Blue Blood Blood is never blue!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Blood is never blue!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Oxygenated blood is bright red and Oxygenated blood is bright red and
deoxygenated blood is dark reddeoxygenated blood is dark red Veins appear blue because of the way Veins appear blue because of the way
light reflects off the blood vessellight reflects off the blood vessel We don’t see arteries because they We don’t see arteries because they
are too deep.are too deep. We draw them blue to distinguish We draw them blue to distinguish
them on diagrams and simplify thingsthem on diagrams and simplify things
Arteries vs. VeinsArteries vs. Veins
What you need to know about the STRUCTURAL differences between Arteries and Veins:
-Artery walls are much thicker, are very elastic and have more muscle
-Veins are thin walled and contain valves to push the blood along
Arteries vs. VeinsArteries vs. Veins
Why are arteries and veins the Why are arteries and veins the way they are?way they are?– Blood is under very high pressure Blood is under very high pressure
when it leaves the heart and enters when it leaves the heart and enters the arteriesthe arteries Therefore, Therefore, arteries need to be arteries need to be
strongstrong!!!!
– Once it has left the tissues and Once it has left the tissues and enters the veins, the blood is under enters the veins, the blood is under a very low pressurea very low pressure Therefore, Therefore, veins are weakveins are weak
Arteries:Arteries:Carry blood Carry blood Away from heartway from heart
– LargeLarge– Thick-walled, MuscularThick-walled, Muscular– ElasticElastic– Oxygenated blood Oxygenated blood
Exception Pulmonary ArteryException Pulmonary Artery
– Carried under great pressureCarried under great pressure– Steady pulsating (used to measure Steady pulsating (used to measure
pulse)pulse)ArteriolesArterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue: smaller vessels, enter tissue
CapillariesCapillaries
– Smallest vesselSmallest vessel– MicroscopicMicroscopic– Walls one cell Walls one cell
thickthick– Located at the tissueLocated at the tissue– Nutrients and gases Nutrients and gases
(O(O22, CO, CO22) diffuse ) diffuse here here
Veins:Veins:Carry blood to the heart
– Carries blood that Carries blood that contains waste and COcontains waste and CO22
Exception pulmonary veinException pulmonary vein
– Blood under low Blood under low pressurepressure
– ValvesValves to prevent back to prevent back flow due to gravityflow due to gravity
VenulesVenules: small veins, larger : small veins, larger than capillariesthan capillaries
Mechanism of Vein and Varicose Veins Videos
Blood VesselsBlood Vessels
Animation of blood flow
The Aorta – The largest blood The Aorta – The largest blood vesselvessel
Blood Vessel Animation
Blood VesselsBlood VesselsBlood flow is like a round trip to grandma’s houseBlood flow is like a round trip to grandma’s house- You leave your home (The Heart)- You leave your home (The Heart)- You jump on the Highway (Arteries)You jump on the Highway (Arteries)- You get off at grandma’s street (Arterioles)You get off at grandma’s street (Arterioles)- You pull in to grandma’s driveway (capillaries) You pull in to grandma’s driveway (capillaries) - You go inside her house (The Cell) and give her a kiss (Glucose You go inside her house (The Cell) and give her a kiss (Glucose
and Oxygen)and Oxygen)- You leave with leftovers (COYou leave with leftovers (CO22))
- Get back into your car and exit driveway (capillaries)Get back into your car and exit driveway (capillaries)- You drive back along her street (Venuoles)You drive back along her street (Venuoles)- You get back on the highway (Veins) You get back on the highway (Veins) - Arrive back at home (The Heart)Arrive back at home (The Heart)
End of Day 1End of Day 1
Circulatory SystemCirculatory System
BLOODBLOOD
The BloodThe Blood
Body contains 4-6 Body contains 4-6 LL
Consists of Consists of – WaterWater– Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells– PlasmaPlasma– White blood cells White blood cells
and plateletsand platelets
Your Blood: Fluid TransportYour Blood: Fluid TransportLiquid Portion Carries Liquid Portion Carries
Blood cells (Blood cells (made in bone made in bone marrowmarrow))
– Erythrocytes (RBC - red blood Erythrocytes (RBC - red blood cells)cells)
– Leucocytes (WBC - white Leucocytes (WBC - white blood cells) blood cells)
Platelets (fragments of the cells Platelets (fragments of the cells in bone marrow – no nucleus)in bone marrow – no nucleus)
ProteinsProteins Nutrients - Nutrients - Digestive SystemDigestive System Gases - Gases - Respiratory SystemRespiratory System
Oxygen in the BloodOxygen in the Blood
HemoglobinHemoglobin, iron , iron containing molecule containing molecule – – found in RBC found in RBC
Loosely picks up Loosely picks up oxygen in the lungsoxygen in the lungs
Releases oxygen in Releases oxygen in areas low in oxygen areas low in oxygen – – body tissuesbody tissues
O2
O2
O2O2
Carbon Dioxide in the BloodCarbon Dioxide in the Blood
Hemoglobin Hemoglobin also carries COalso carries CO22
COCO2 2 is a waste product of cellular is a waste product of cellular respirationrespiration
Travels to the lungs to be Travels to the lungs to be exhaledexhaled
What does blood contain?What does blood contain?
50% Water50% Water
45% Erythrocytes (RBC)45% Erythrocytes (RBC)
4% Plasma with Substances4% Plasma with Substances
1% Leukocytes (WBC) + 1% Leukocytes (WBC) + PlateletsPlatelets
Erythrocytes (RBC)Erythrocytes (RBC) Transporters ofTransporters of
– OxygenOxygen– Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide
RBCRBC– Lack a nucleusLack a nucleus– Contain hemoglobinContain hemoglobin– Disk-shapedDisk-shaped
RBC are produced in the RBC are produced in the bone marrowbone marrow
Lives for ~120 daysLives for ~120 days Old RBC are destroyed in Old RBC are destroyed in
liver and spleenliver and spleen
Leukocytes (WBC)Leukocytes (WBC)
WBC fight infectionWBC fight infection– Attack foreign Attack foreign
substancessubstances Less abundantLess abundant Created in the Created in the
bone marrowbone marrow Some live for Some live for
monthsmonths– Most just a few daysMost just a few days
Several typesSeveral types ALL contain nucleiALL contain nuclei
PlateletsPlatelets
PLATELETS are for PLATELETS are for CLOTTING bloodCLOTTING blood
Cell fragmentsCell fragments Produced in bone Produced in bone
marrowmarrow Short life span (1 Short life span (1
week)week) Form a web Form a web
trapping blood cellstrapping blood cells
Blood Clotting
Break in Capillary Wall
Blood vessels injured.
Clumping of Platelets
Platelets clump at the site and release a protein
Clot Forms
Protein creates a net creating a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood.
How does Blood Clot?
End of Day 2
Circulatory SystemCirculatory SystemHEARTHEART
Heart Anatomy
Your HeartYour Heart
Pumps blood around Pumps blood around your body to keep your body to keep you alive!you alive!
If your heart stops If your heart stops you will die!you will die!
Heart:Heart:Structure and FunctionStructure and Function
Keeps blood Keeps blood movingmoving
Large organ Large organ composed of composed of – cardiac cardiac
muscle muscle – rich in rich in
mitochondriamitochondria
The Structures of the Heart
Sends Oxygen-Poor blood to the lungs
Receives Oxygen-Poor blood from the body
Vena CavaVein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the body to the heart
Pulmonary VeinsBring oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Aorta – Artery that supplies the body with Oxygen-Rich Blood
Pulmonary ArteriesBring oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
Sends Oxygen-Rich blood to the body
Gets Oxygen-Rich blood from the Lungs
Pulmonary ArteriesSends Oxygen-Poor blood to the Lungs
Structure of Heart (cont)Structure of Heart (cont) Four chambers Four chambers
– Two upper (Atria)Two upper (Atria) Walls thinnerWalls thinner Less muscularLess muscular
– Two lower Two lower (Ventricles)(Ventricles) Walls thickerWalls thicker More muscularMore muscular Do more workDo more work
Heart Structure Animation
Blood Flow Through the Blood Flow Through the HeartHeart
Bloods Path Through the Bloods Path Through the HeartHeart
Both Atria fill at same timeBoth Atria fill at same time
– Right atrium receives oxygen Right atrium receives oxygen POOR POOR blood from body from blood from body from vena cavasvena cavas
– Left atrium receives oxygen Left atrium receives oxygen RICH RICH blood blood from lungs through from lungs through four pulmonary four pulmonary veinsveins
After filled with blood atria contract, After filled with blood atria contract, pushing blood into ventriclepushing blood into ventricle
Both ventricles contractBoth ventricles contractRight ventricle contracts and Right ventricle contracts and pushes oxygen-poor blood toward pushes oxygen-poor blood toward lungs lungs
through the through the pulmonary arteriespulmonary arteries
Left ventricle contracts and forces Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich blood oxygen rich blood out of heart out of heart Through the aorta (largest vessel)Through the aorta (largest vessel)
Bloods Path Through the HeartBloods Path Through the Heart
The cardiac cycleThe cardiac cycle
Animation of blood flow
Control of the HeartControl of the Heart The Heart is controlled by nerves and The Heart is controlled by nerves and
hormones:hormones:
Nerves:Nerves:– Its own nerves Its own nerves pacemaker which keeps a pacemaker which keeps a
constant beatconstant beat Heart will beat even if it is disconnected from the Heart will beat even if it is disconnected from the
brainbrain Can be substituted by an artificial pacemakerCan be substituted by an artificial pacemaker
- The Brain can speed-up (exercise) or slow down the heart (sleep) if needed
Heart Rate Animation Heart Rate Animation
ECG and (DefibrillationECG and (Defibrillation) ) Paddles Paddles discussion discussion
Control of the HeartControl of the Heart
Hormones:Hormones:
Certain hormones such as Certain hormones such as epinephrine (adrenalin) epinephrine (adrenalin) impact how impact how the heart operates the heart operates
Heart Beat
Control of Heart Rate – Control of Heart Rate – Class DemonstrationClass Demonstration
Resting Heart Rate (beats per min.)
Heart Rate during exercise (beats per min.)
Your Heart: The Vital PumpYour Heart: The Vital Pump
At REST, the heart At REST, the heart beats about beats about 60-80 60-80 times per minute times per minute (~4.7L)(~4.7L)
During EXTREME During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) EXERTION (exercise) it can beat it can beat between between 150-200 times per 150-200 times per minute (~38L)minute (~38L)
Heart Rate DiscussionHeart Rate Discussion Why??Why??
Brain sends a signal to increase HRBrain sends a signal to increase HR Adrenal Gland secretes epinephrine Adrenal Gland secretes epinephrine Both work together to increase blood flow Both work together to increase blood flow
around the bodyaround the body
– Increased blood flow = Increase OIncreased blood flow = Increase O22/glucose /glucose delivery to cells and COdelivery to cells and CO22 removal removal
DISORDERSDISORDERS
Coronary Artery DiseaseCoronary Artery Disease– Your heart needs Oxygen too!Your heart needs Oxygen too!– Is supplied with Oxygen by coronary arteriesIs supplied with Oxygen by coronary arteries– Coronary arteries can become partially Coronary arteries can become partially
blocked by plaque (fat and cholesterol blocked by plaque (fat and cholesterol mainly)mainly) Causes by lifestyle choice and geneticsCauses by lifestyle choice and genetics
– This block limits the amount of oxygen This block limits the amount of oxygen delivered to the heartdelivered to the heart
– Can cause Can cause tiredness, dizziness and pain tiredness, dizziness and pain
Coronary Artery DiseaseCoronary Artery Disease Can be diagnosed with an Can be diagnosed with an angiogramangiogram
whereby a fluorescent dye is injected into whereby a fluorescent dye is injected into the bloodstream.the bloodstream.
This dye shows up on an x-ray and shows This dye shows up on an x-ray and shows where flow is disruptedwhere flow is disrupted
Disorders (cont)Disorders (cont) Heart AttackHeart Attack
– Coronary Artery(ies) become completely Coronary Artery(ies) become completely blockedblocked No Oxygen can reach the heart muscleNo Oxygen can reach the heart muscle Heart muscle begins to die and eventually stops beatingHeart muscle begins to die and eventually stops beating
SymptomsSymptoms– Nausea, Shortness of breath, Severe chest pain, sweating, Nausea, Shortness of breath, Severe chest pain, sweating,
dizziness, fatiguedizziness, fatigue
IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION NECESSARYIMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION NECESSARY
Heart Attack 1 Heart Attack 2
Disorders (cont)Disorders (cont) StrokeStroke
– Heart attack for the Heart attack for the brainbrain
– Blood cannot reach the Blood cannot reach the brain due to a blockage in brain due to a blockage in its blood vessels or its blood vessels or severe brain bleed.severe brain bleed.
– Brain cells die due to lack Brain cells die due to lack of oxygenof oxygen
– Can lead to paralysis, Can lead to paralysis, loss of ability to speakloss of ability to speak deathdeath
Causes a Stroke?
Current PREVENTION Current PREVENTION RecommendationsRecommendations
Regular exerciseRegular exercise
Weight controlWeight control
Well balanced dietWell balanced diet
Do not smokeDo not smoke
Diet low in saturated fatDiet low in saturated fat
Bill Nye – Blood and Circulation Bill Nye – Blood and Circulation VideoVideo
Download the Blood and Circulation Download the Blood and Circulation Worksheet Worksheet