Blood

What does it mean “to spill blood”?

When blood is spilled, everything changes

Today, we are going to learn about

causes of the Civil

War

Most involve blood being spilled

What do you think

caused the Civil

War?

Caning of Sumner

Dred Scott

Slave Rebellions

Nat Turner

Causes of the Civil War

Causes of the Civil War(General)

• State’s Rights

• Slavery

• Tariff Disputes

• Different Economies

• Cultural Differences

Causes of the Civil War(Specific Issues)

• Missouri Compromise of 1820• Compromise of 1850• Uncle Tom’s Cabin• Kansas-Nebraska Act• Dred Scott Decision• John Brown’s Mission• Election of 1860

Missouri Compromise of 1820

• Missouri wants to enter the Union as a slave state, but this would upset the balance between slave states and free states.

• 22 states = 11 and 11

Slave states and Free States, 1820Free States

– Massachusetts– New Hampshire– Vermont– New York– Rhode Island– Connecticut– Pennsylvania– Indiana– Ohio– Illinois– New Jersey

Slave StatesMarylandVirginiaNorth CarolinaSouth CarolinaTennesseeAlabamaMississippiGeorgiaDelawareLouisianaKentucky

What to do?

• Pres. James Monroe ignores the situation

• Decision left up to Congress• Henry Clay, Speaker of the

House, is credited with the solution

The Missouri Compromise of 1820

• Missouri is added as a slave state• Maine is added as a free state• In the future, 36’30” parallel line

–Divides the FREE North and SLAVE South

Missouri Compromise

Compromise of 1850• Recent Past

– War with Mexico, 1848– California 1849, Gold Rush

• Quick jump in population• Wants to join the union as a free state

– New Mexico• Wants to join as a free state

– Slave states upset that free states are helping runaways

The Compromise of 1850

• CA enters as a free state• NM and UT

– Territories with no restrictions on slavery• Texas

– Give land to NM, get $ from the US government• Stronger Fugitive Slave Laws

– Made it a crime to help runaway slaves and allowed officials to arrest those slaves in free areas

• Washington D.C.> No more slave trade

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

Nat Turner’s Rebellion• Most violent slave revolt in history occurred in 1831• Nat Turner was a slave in Virginia• 60 whites were killed in the community by the slave

mob• 100 innocent slaves were killed in an attempt to stop

the mob• Turner fled for 6 weeks and was eventually caught and

executed• New slave codes were passed putting tougher

restrictions on enslaved people.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• Harriet Beecher Stowe– Lived in New England– Was an abolitionist

• Opened eyes in America– Best selling book– Made into plays

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

In the North… In the South…

Kansas-Nebraska Act,1854• Nebraska Territory > split in two

– Nebraska– Kansas > Slave or Free State?

• Stephen Douglas’ proposal– People of Kansas vote for themselves– Two problems with this:

–MO Compromise is now VOID Because…–Kansas citizens disagree about slavery

“Bleeding Kansas”

• Douglas proposed in 1853 Popular Sovereignty to decide the slavery issue– This canceled the Missouri Compromise

• Southerners and Northerners flock to the territory to persuade the voters towards their cause.

• 1855 Kansas had two governments one free and one slave

– An election was held to decide which would rule the new state

– Violence broke out prior to the election and after the decision was made

Bleeding Kansas(In Congress)

• 1856 violence between Pro and Anti Slavery is getting worse– Tar and feather, murder, corrupt politics

• Kansas becomes a Free State in 1861 after the southern states had succeeded from the Union.

Rep. Preston Brooks (SC) with the cane beating Sen. Charles Sumner (MA)

Caning of Sumner

• May 22, 1856• Preston Brooks, member of the House of

Representatives walked into the Senate chamber and beat Charles Sumner.

• Sumner (abolitionist from Mass.) had brought up the issue for debate as to admit Kansas as a free or slave state. – He will publicly call out Sen. Douglas and Sen. Butler

– Rep Brooks was from the South Carolina like Butler

• Both men became heroes for their cause

Dred Scott Decision• Dred Scott, a slave

sued for his freedom after briefly living with his owner in the North.

• Roger Taney and the Supreme Court said “NO FREEDOM”.

Here’s Why…

Why Dred Scott Lost..

The Supreme Court said… Slaves were not citizens, so they could

not have a court case Slaves were property Because the 5th Amendment protected

property, Congress could not ban slavery The MO Compromise, which banned

slavery, was unconstitutional

New Party System

• Sectional Party System for the first time• Republican Party created by Northerners

committed to stopping the expansion of slavery– Made up of former Whigs, Democrats, Free Soilers and

Know-Nothings.

• Democratic Party split into N and S factions• Whig Party died and joined either R or D.• Abraham Lincoln switched from Whig to

Republican because he cared so much about the slavery expansion issue.

John Brown’s Mission

• Man of God

or

• Madman?

John BrownKansas, 1856

John Brown, a fanatical abolitionist– Moved to Kansas when it was up for a vote– Leader of the Pottawatomie Creek Massacre

• His mob murdered five men who favored slavery• Bodies were left torn apart in the village• Warning to others who supported slavery

– One son was killed in revenge of Pottawatomie

John Brown

will leave Kansas to prepare for a bigger and harsher statement against slavery in America

John BrownHarper’s Ferry, VA 1859

Mob: 21 men (16 white, 5 black)

Plan: Capture town arsenal, gather arms, and head into the hills

Goal: Hand out weapons to slaves and encourage a widespread slave uprising

Harper’s Ferry The Outcome: A Complete Failure

Town was alerted to the action, Brown and mob were held up in an engine house

President was alerted of the news, sent out federal troops to end the situation

Federal troops (led by Colonel Robert E. Lee) captured and arrest John Brown

John Brown

John Brown is executed on 12/2/1859. He accepted this with great pride, thinking his execution will do more to promote the abolitionist cause.

Election of 1860• Northern Democratic Candidate = Stephen

Douglas• Southern Democratic Candidate = John C.

Breckinridge (supported slavery in the territories)• Constitutional Union Party = John Bell (Slave

holder who opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act)• Republican Candidate = Abraham Lincoln

(promised not to abolish slavery where it already existed)

• Lincoln’s election signaled to the south that they were losing their political power.

SECESSION

• Southern Point of view– The south was angry that Lincoln said that

slavery could not expand and would eventually die out

– They believed that their way of life was impossible without slavery

– South started to consider session because they reasoned that the states had approved the Constitution so they could void that approval

• On December 20, 1860 South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas seceded and formed the Confederate States of America– Jefferson Davis elected president

• Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861– He opposed the idea that states could leave, but

that only the will of the majority could change the government of the United States.