Bloodborne Pathogens Training

Adapted by V .M. Warnock RN, BSN from slides by Heidi Toth RN, MSN

Infectious Disease Process- What are microorganisms??

Classifications:

bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, yeasts, and protozoa.

Too small to be seen by the unaided human eye.

in the soil

in the water,

on plants and animals.

billions on human skin and the nasal & intestinal tracts.

Found;                   

Infectious Disease Process- What are pathogens?

Most microorganisms live in harmony

with the human body.

Pathogens—can infect

the body and

cause disease.

Infectious diseases range from mild illnesses, such as a cold, to fatal illnesses, such as AIDS.

The Infectious Disease Process.

CHAIN OF INFECTION

The chain begins ,,,,,,,,,,,

Second link:……….

An environment in which the pathogen can survive:

* Water * soil

* inside someone already infected with the germ.

Microorganism & Reservoir

Next link ……..

From the reservoir to the host.

If water is the reservoir, its mode of transmission could be our drinking water supply.

 

                  

……. Third link. Escape from the reservoir

If we are the reservoir, the pathogenic microorganism can escape when we cough or sneeze.

Escape & Transmission

Last link …. host's susceptibility

Depends on the germ and the disease it causes..…

Some hosts are easier to infect than others.

NEXT…. Means of entry into the host.

A pathogen in water would enter us if we drank the water it was in.

A pathogen in the air would enter us if we inhaled it.

 

Entry & Susceptibility

For an infectious disease to occur,

each link in the chain must be connected.

 

                                           

CHAIN OF INFECTION

.

Here the chain is broken at the point of host susceptibility.

YOU can break the chain of infection by following

standard precautions/universal precautions.

If even one link of the chain is missing:

Interrupted process=No infection

                                                                                  

Bloodborne pathogens ……..are microorganisms that are present in blood that can cause disease.

blood or body fluid

from an infected individual

Enters another persons body

How do you get infected?

2 examples of Bloodborne pathogens:

Hepatitis B (HBV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Any body fluid with visible blood is potentially infectious.

Other body fluids like semen and vaginal secretions are considered potential infectious fluids.

The risk of transmission from these body fluids in the school setting is considered extremely low.

Contact alone does not ensure infection!

Pathogens must enter the bloodstream to cause infection.

In the workplace, an employee may be exposed to bloodborne pathogens such as Hepatitis B Virus or HIV when infected blood or body fluid is allowed to enter the body by means of penetration.

Exposure may occur through:

a needlestick

a cut or break in the skin

contact with mucous membranes such as the eye, nose, or mouth

POTENTIAL EXPOSURE RISK

HBV causes inflammation of the liver and may lead to complications of:

Lifelong infection (>200 million carriers worldwide

Hospitalization

Cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver

Liver cancer (cause of 80% of cases)

Death

HBV virus can live up to a week on a dried environmental surface.For more information about Hepatitis B: www.liverfoundation.org

HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV)

is one way to minimize your risk

Three shots in upper arm over a 6-month period (0, 1, 4-6 months) Low incidence of side effects, people should not get the vaccine if they have had a life threatening allergic reaction to baker’s yeast or to a previous dose of hepatitis vaccine Routine booster doses are NOT recommended for any group Post vaccination blood testing is recommended for certain healthcare workers

Hepatitis B shots are required for all school-age children.

HEPATITIS B VACCINATION

•Life-threatening virus

•compromises the body's immune system

spread most commonly through sexual contact

•or by contact with infected blood and body fluids

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)

Early symptoms may be similar to those of the flu (fever, diarrhea, fatigue)

This virus can be carried for several years without showing symptoms (asymptomatic)

Eventually, Aids will develop..

AIDS destroy the body’s ability to fight infections, and certain cancers, and will lead to death.

There is no vaccine to prevent AIDS

For more information about AIDS : www.aegis.com

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS Treating all blood

and body fluids as potentially infectious for HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens

Applies to bloodborne pathogens while Standard Precautions…

Standard PrecautionsApplies to all body fluids (not just those

affected by bloodborne pathogens). Affects all employees, includes the

following: Avoidance of body fluid exposure Glove use and handwashing Good Samaritan Law- act promptly to the

best of your training and ability and act until help arrives or exhaustion

Training is done annually by school nurse

Interrupt the chain of infection by using the following preventive measures:

• Wash your hands (remove pathogens before they can enter the body).

• Use personal protective equipment (PPE) (prevent contact with infectious materials.)

• Use caution when handling needles and other sharp objects. Contaminated sharps must be placed in puncture resistant containers labeled with a biohazard label. Do not recap!

Sharps containers are in the Health Offices.

EXPOSURE CONTROL STRATEGIES

.

Additional information on needlestick prevention at:

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/2000-108.html

•Finally, Receive a Hepatitis B vaccination to decrease your susceptibility to the disease.

Presently, no vaccine for HIV is available.

Exposure Control Strategies cont…

Washing your hands with soap under running water for at least 30 seconds of friction rubbing, then dry thoroughly.

Shut off the faucet with the items you were drying with- not with your clean hands. Remember, you turned it on with dirty hands!

No access to running water?: Instant gel hand sanitizer,containing alcohol, or towelettes,

Remember: Handwashing is the best way to avoid the spread of any infection!

Hands unconsciously touch the eyes, nose, and mouth numerous times throughout the day.

These body areas are potential portals of entry for infectious organisms.

HANDWASHING

Because of potential infection, it is extremely important to wash your hands frequently. Wash hands immediately if you contact contaminated material. Wash them after:

•handling infectious waste, even if it is properly contained

•removal of gloves

•using the restroom

•wash your hands before going on breaks and before lleaving work at the end of the day.

Wash your hands frequently.

Encourage your students to do the same.

Handwashing cont…

GLOVE REMOVAL

· With the exposed hand, peel the second glove from the inside, tucking the first glove inside the second.· Dispose of the gloves promptly.· Never touch the outside of the glove with bare skin.· Every time you remove your gloves wash your hands with soap and water as soon as possible.

•With both hands gloved, peel one glove off from top to bottom and hold it in the gloved hand.