bls_1385-23_1964.pdf

Occupational Wage Survey

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA

NOVEMBER 1963

1385-23

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

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BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES

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(Region III------Southern

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Occupational Wage Survey

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA

NOVEMBER 1963

Bulletin No. 1385-23February 1964

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W . Willard Wirtz, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

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Preface

The Bureau of Labor Statistics program of annual occupational wage surveys in metropolitan areas is designed to provide data on occupational earnings, and establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions. It yields detailed data by selected industry divisions for metropolitan area labor markets, for economic regions, and for the United States. A major consideration in the program is the need for greater insight into (a) the movement of wages by occupational category and skill level, and (b) the structure and level of wages among labor markets and industry divisions.

A preliminary report and an individual areabulletin present survey results for each labor marketstudied. After completion of all of the individual areabulletins for a round of surveys, a two part summarybulletin is issued. The first part brings data for each of the labor markets studied into one bulletin. The second part presents information which has been projected from individual labor market data to relate to economic regions and the United States.

Eighty-two labor markets currently are included in the program. Information on occupational earnings is collected annually in each area. Information on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions is obtained biennially in most of the areas.

This bulletin presents results of the survey in Richmond, Va. , in November 1963. It was prepared in the Bureau’s regional office in Atlanta, Ga. , by George G. Farish, under the direction of Donald M. Cruse. The study was under the general direction of Louis B. Woytych, Assistant Regional Director for Wages and Industrial Relations.

Contents

Page

Introduction__________ ;___________________________________________________ 1Wage trends for selected occupational groups__________________________ 4

Tables:

1. Establishments and workers within scope of surveyand number studied___________________________________

2. Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-timehourly earnings for selected occupational groups, and percents of increase for selected periods_______

A: Occupational earnings:*A- 1. Office occupations—men and women______________________ 5A -2. Professional and technical occupations—men

and women_______________________________________________ 7A - 3. Office, professional, and technical occupations—

men and women combined_______________________________ 8A -4. Maintenance and powerplant occupations________________ 9A -5. Custodial and material movement occupations__________ 10

B: Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions:*B -l . Minimum entrance salaries for women office workers__ 12B-2. Shift differentials_________________________________________ 13B-3. Scheduled weekly hours___________________________________ 14B-4. Paid holidays_____________________________________________ 15B-5. Paid vacations_____________________________________________ 16B-6. Health, insurance, and pension plans___________________ 18B-7. Paid sick leave____________________________________________ 19

Appendix: Occupational descriptions___________________________________ 21

* NOTE: Similar tabulations are available for other areas. (See inside back cover.)

Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are also available for building construction, printing, local- transit operating employees, and motortruck drivers and helpers.

Hi


O ccu pation al W age Survey—R ich m on d , Va.

Introduction

This area is 1 of 82 labor markets in which the U. S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings alid related wage benefits on an areawide basis. In this area, data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field economists to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation, communication, and otherpublic utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted because they tend to furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. Separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions which meet publication criteria.

These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain optimum accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. E stimates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, except for those below the minimum size studied.

Occupations and Earnings

The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries, and are of the following types: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical;(c) maintenance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and material movement. Occupational classification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of inter establishment variation in duties within the same job. The occupations selected for study are listed and described in the appendix. Earnings data for some of the occupations listed and described are not presented in the A-series tables because either (1) employment in the occupation is too small to provide enough data to merit presentation, or (2) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data.

Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-time workers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly schedule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded, but cost-of-living bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported,

as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-time salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar.

Differences in pay levels for selected occupations in which both men and women are commonly employed may be due to such factors as (1) differences in the distribution of the sexes among industries and establishments; (2) differences in length of service or merit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis; and (3) differences in specific duties performed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within the same survey job description. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usually more generalized than those used in individual establishments. This allows for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed.

Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occupational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earnings data.

Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions

Information is presented (in the B-series tables) on selected establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions as they relate to office and plant workers. Administrative, executive, and professional employees, and force-account construction workers who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. "Office workers" include working supervisors and nonsupervisory workers performing clerical or related functions. "Plant workers" include working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Cafeteria workers and routemen are excluded in manufacturing industries, but included in nonmanufacturing industries.

Minimum entrance salaries (table B -l) relate only to the establishments visited. They are presented in terms of establishments with formal minimum entrance salary policies.

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2

Shift differential data (table B-2) are limited to plant workers in manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in terms of (a) establishment policy,1 presented in terms of total plant worker employment, and (b) effective practice, presented in terms of workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differentials, the amount applying to a majority was used or, if no amount applied to a majority, the classification ’’other" was used. In establishments in which some late-shift hours are paid at normal rates, a differential was recorded only if it applied to a majority of the shift hours.

The scheduled weekly hours (table B-3) of a majority of the first-shift workers in an establishment are tabulated as applying to all of the plant or office workers of that establishment. Paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans (tables B-4 through B-7) are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a majority of such workers are eligible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. Sums of individual items in tables B-2 through B-7 may not equal totals because of rounding.

Data on paid holidays (table B-4) are limited to data onholidays granted annually on a formal basis; i. e. , (1) are providedfor in written form, or (2) have been established by custom. Holidays ordinarily granted are included even though they may fall on a nonworkday, even if the worker is not granted another day off. The first part of the paid holidays table presents the number of whole and halfholidays actually granted. The second part combines whole and halfholidays to show total holiday time.

The summary of vacation plans (table B-5) is limited to formal policies, excluding informal arrangements whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer. Separate estimates are provided according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation pay, payments not on a time basis were converted to a time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week's pay.

1 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had formal provisions coveringlate shifts. An establishment was considered as having formal provisions if it (1) had operated late shifts during the 12 months prior to die survey, or (2) had provisions in written form for operating late shifts.

Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans (tables B-6 and B-7) for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the employer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen's compensation, social security, and railroad retirement. Such plans include those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance.

Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require employer contributions,2 plans are included only if the employer (1) contributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal plans 3 which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker's pay during absence from work because of illness. Separate tabulations are presented according to (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans which provide either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefits.

Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by commercial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-insured. Tabulations of retirement pension plans are limited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the worker's life.

2 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions.

3 An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if it established at least the minimum number of days of sick leave that could be expected by each employee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded.


3

Table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Richmond, V a ., by major industry division, 2 November 1963

Industry division

Minimum employment in establish

ments in scope of study

Number of establishments Workers in establishments

Within scope of

study 3Studied

Within scope of study Studied

Total4 Office Plant Total4

All divisions------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _ 383 131 80, 100 16,300 48, 500 52,230

Manufacturing ----- — --------- — __— _ . . . 50 132 51 36,800 3, 500 27,300 25, 280Nonmanufacturing---------- - ------------ ----- __ --------- - 251 80 43, 300 12,800 21, 200 26,950

Transportation, communication, andother public utilities 5 ------------------------------------------------------ 50 36 18 11, 200 3, 100 4, 600 9, 900

Wholesale trade - ----- ----- — — — __ __ 50 58 15 5,700 (6) (6) 2, 280Retail trade- ----- ----- ----- — - 50 78 18 14, 400 (6) 6) 7, 580Finance, insurance, and real estate____________________ 50 47 16 8, 300 (6) (7) 5, 120Services8---------- ------ — — ------ — ------- 50 32 13 3,700 ( 6) (6) 2, 070

1 The Richmond Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists-of Richmond City; and Chesterfield and Henrico Counties. The "workers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other employment indexes for the area to measure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey.

i The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division.3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum limitation. All outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair

service, and motion picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment.4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories.5 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. Richmond's gas utility is municipally operated and is excluded by definition from the scope of the study.6 This industry division is represented in estimates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables, and for "all industries" in the Series B tables. Separate

presentation of data for this division is not made for one or more of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too small to provide enough data to merit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially to permit separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to permit separate presentation, and (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data.

7 Workers from this entire industry division are represented in estimates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables, but from the real estate portion only in estimates for "a ll industries" in the Series B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or more of the reasons given in footnote 6 above.

8 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. 1 *

Table 2. Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, and percents of increase for selected periods, Richmond, Va.

Industry and occupational group

Index(December 1960=100) Percents of increase

November 1963November 1962

toNovember 1963

November 1961 to

November 1962

December I960 to

November 1961

February I960 to

December I960

All industries:Office clerical (men and women). _______ __ 109.3 2 .6 2 .5 3 .9 2 .6Industrial nurses (men and women)___________ 106. 1 3 .5 1.0 1.5 3 .7Skilled maintenance (men)____ __ __ _____ . . 108.8 2 .3 2 .6 3 .5 3 .4Unskilled plant (men)___________________ __ „ 115.3 3. 1 3 .2 18. 3 5 .3

Manufacturing:Office clerical (men and women)______________ 107.8 2 .8 2 .0 2 .8 2 .9Industrial nurses (men and women)___________ 105.5 3 .4 1.5 .5 3 .6Skilled maintenance (men)____ __ _____ __ 108.0 1.9 2 .7 3 .2 3 .2Unskilled plant (men) _____ __ __ __ __ — 116.0 3. 7 3 .2 18. 4 2 .5

1 The amount of this increase reflected the effect of the new minimum wage and changes in employment among establishments with differentpay levels in addition to general wage changes.


4

Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups

Presented in table 2 are indexes and percentages of change in average salaries of office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups.

For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the percentages of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in average straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The percentages are based on data for selected key occupations and include most of the numerically important jobs within each group. The office clerical data are based on men and women in the following 19 jobs: Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B; clerks, accounting, class A and B; clerks, file, class A, B, and C; clerks, order; clerks, payroll; Comptometer operators; keypunch operators, class A and B; office boys and girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; stenographers, senior; switchboard operators; tabulating-machine operators, class B; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on men and women industrial nurses. Men in the following 8 skilled maintenance jobs and 2 unskilled jobs are included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; mechanics; mechanics, automotive; painters; pipefitters; and tool and die makers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and cleaners; and laborers, material handling.

Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by employment in each of the jobs during the period surveyed in 1961. These weighted earnings

for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an aggregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the group aggregate for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percentage of change from the one period to the other. The indexes were computed by multiplying the ratios for each group aggregate for each period after the base year (1961).

The indexes and percentages of change measure, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in average wages due to changes in the labor force resulting from labor turnover, force expansions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of workers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and lower the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. Similarly, the movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other establishments in the area.

The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effect of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job included in the data. The percentages of change reflect only changes in average pay for straight-time hours. They are not influenced by changes in standard work schedules, as such, or by premium pay for overtime.


5A: Occupational EarningsTable A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women

(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basisby industry division, Richmond, V a ., November 1963)

Aviraqb NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF—$45 $50 $55 $60 $65 $70 $75 $80 $85 $90 $95 $100 $105 $110 $115 $120 $125 $130 $ 135^ $140 $145

Sex, occupation, and industry division ofworkers Weekly j Weekly j Under and and(Standard) (Standard) $45 under

$50 $55 $60 $65 $70 $75 $80 $85 $90 $95 $100 $105 $110 $115 $120 $125 $130 $135 $140 $145 over

Men

Clerks, accounting, class A ------- __ __ 161 38. 5 $110.50 . _ _ 1 2 _ 6 9 16 7 14 16 14 13 15 8 9 6 8 2 15Manufacturing __ _____ — ------------ 84 39.0 117.00 - - - - - - - 2 4 9 5 6 6 5 3 6 2 7 5 8 2 2 14Nonmanufacturing_____________________ 77 38. 5 103.00 - - - - 1 2 - 4 5 7 2 8 10 9 10 9 6 2 1 - - 1

Public utilities3------ ----- ---------- _ 35 40. 0 108.50 “ “ - - 1 - - “ 1 1 2 5 2 3 10 4 2 2 1 - - 1

Clerks, accounting, class B-------------------- 102 39.0 91.00 _ _ _ 6 11 6 8 9 6 7 7 6 6 9 4 1 7 2 _ 1 1 5Manufacturing __ -------- __ — 47 39. 0 99.00 - - - - - - 5 7 3 7 5 2 3 3 - 1 3 1 - 1 1 *5Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------- 55 39.5 84.00 - - - 6 11 6 3 2 3 - 2 4 3 6 4 - 4 1 - - - -

Public utilities 3------------------------------ 40 40.0 91.00 “ - 5 2 4 2 2 2 “ 2 3 3 6 4 - 4 1 - " " -

Clerks, order___ ________ ______ — 91 40.0 88.00 _ _ _ _ 9 _ 10 _ 27 10 16 2 _ 1 10 1 2 _ 2 _ _ 1Nonmanufacturing_____________________ 54 40.0 82.50 “ - " 9 - 10 - 11 6 12 2 - 1 1 1 1 - - - -

Clerks, payroll ----------- ------- ------------- 32 39.5 91.50 _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ 5 2 5 3 _ 5 2 _ _ 6 _ _ _ - _

O ffW h « y - 101 38. 5 60.50 . 2 52 11 12 5 . 2 13 4Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------- 80 38.0 59.50 - 49 6 8 4 - - - 13 4

Tabulating-machine operators,class B__________________________________ 73 38. 5 93.50 - - 2 1 3 1 3 5 7 4 13 11 9 2 5 2 1 2 - 2 - -

Manufacturing---- ---------- __ __ -------- 26 39.0 101.00 - - - - - - 1 2 1 3 6 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 - 2 - -Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------- 47 38. 0 89.00 - - 2 1 3 1 2 3 6 1 7 9 7 1 4 - - ~ - - -

Tabulating-machine operators,class C___ ___ „ _____________ ____ 64 38. 5 71.00 - - 1 5 15 16 9 2 2 9 3 1 - 1 - - - - - - - -

N onmanuf ac tur ing-------------------------------- 56 38. 5 69.50 - - 1 3 15 16 9 2 ----- — 9

Women

Billers, machine (billing machine)-------- 29 40.0 63.00 _ _ 4 15 _ 3 5 - - _ - _ - - 2 - - - _ _ - _

Billers, machine (bookkeepingmachine)_______ _______________ _________ 99 39.0 64.50 - 1 14 31 4 22 7 3 9 1 3 - 4 - - - - - - - - -

Manufacturing--------------------------------------- 25 38. 5 76.50 - - - 2 1 8 4 1 1 1 3 - 4 - - - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing_____________________ 74 39.0 60.50 - 1 14 29 3 14 3 2 8

Bookkeeping-machine operators,class A _________________________________ 87 38. 5 75.00 - - - 1 19 14 13 15 7 7 3 3 4 - - 1 - - - - - -

Manufacturing_________________________ 32 39. 5 77.00 - - - - 5 4 5 9 - 4 3 1 1 - - - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------- 55 38.0 74.00 - - 1 14 10 8 6 7 3 " 2 3 " “ 1 - " -

Bookkeeping-machine operators,class B__ _____ __ ______ ____________ 183 39.0 64.00 - 1 18 38 45 32 27 12 9 1

Manufacturing________ __ ___________ 25 39. 5 70.00 - - - 7 4 3 - 2 8 1Nonmanufacturing- ------- — ------------- 158 39. 0 63.50 " 1 18 31 41 29 27 10 1

Clerks, accounting, class A ____________ 306 38.0 87.00 - - - - 10 13 8 28 53 129 15 23 9 4 6 4 4 - - _ - _Manufacturing_________________________ 40 39.5 85.50 - - - - - 2 2 5 12 6 5 2 3 - 3 - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing_____________________ 266 38.0 87.00 - " - - 10 11 6 23 41 123 10 21 6 4 3 4 4 " - - "

Clerks, accounting, class B_____________ 500 38.0 72.00 1 6 19 62 98 77 71 41 53 28 8 11 3 9 1 2 6 _ 4 _ - _Manufacturing- _ ____________________ 63 39. 0 84.00 - - - - 4 8 10 9 5 9 7 4 - 2 - 1 - - 4 - - -Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------- 437 38. 0 70.00 1 6 19 62 94 69 61 32 48 19 1 7 3 7 1 1 6 - - - - -

Public utilities 3___________________ 110 39. 0 82.00 - - - 4 10 13 15 14 26 3 - 7 3 7 1 1 6 - - - - -

Clerks, file, class A _________ _____ „ 63 38.0 74.50 - 1 2 2 17 5 3 10 10 4 2 2 1 1 2 1 - - - - - _Nonmanufacturing---------------------------------------- 55 38.0 74.00 1 2 2 17 4 3 8 7 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 ■ ■ ■ “ “

See footnotes at end of table,


6Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women— Continued

(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, V a ., November 1963)

Avkraqk NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF-$ 4 5 $ 5 0 $ 5 5 $ 6 0 $ 6 5 $ 7 0 $ 7 5 $ 8 0 $ 8 5 $ 9 0 $ 9 5 $ 1 0 0 $ 1 0 5 $ 1 1 0 $ 1 1 5 $ 1 2 0 $ 1 2 5 $ 1 3 0 $ 1 35 $ 1 4 0 $ 1 4 5

S e x , o c c u p a t io n , a n d in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n of Weekly j Weekly ,hours

(Standard)earnings

(Standard) $ 4 5 u n d e r ” “ “ ” “ ” ” " “ " ~ _ “ “ “ a n d

$ 5 0 $ 5 5 $ 6 0 $ 6 5 $ 7 0 $ 7 5 $ 8 0 $ 8 5 $ 9 0 $ 9 5 $ 1 0 0 $ 1 0 5 $ 1 1 0 $ 1 1 5 $ 1 2 0 $ 1 2 5 $ 1 3 0 $ 1 3 5 $ 1 4 0 $ 1 4 5 o v e r

W o m e n — C o n t in u e d

C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s B — - — — 205 3 8 .0 $ 6 3 . 50 _ _ 52 39 4 5 26 15 11 1 _ 5 4 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4 6 3 9 . 5 6 7 . 50 5 15 11 £ 1

N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------- 159 3 7 . 5 6 2 .5 0 - - 51 34 38 11 4 5 - - 5 4 7 - - - - - - - - -P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 --------------------------------- — 39 3 9 .0 7 6 . 50 - " 3 8 4 6 2 " " 5 4 7 " - - " - - " "

C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s C --------- ~ — - - — 151 3 8 .5 5 4 . 50 _ _ 83 52 15 1N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g — _______------------------ ------ 129 3 8 . 5 5 4 . 50 - " 67 4 6 15 1

C l e r k s , o r d e r _ _ _ _ _ _ ------- ---- _ ------ 4 8 4 0 . 0 7 5 . 00 _ _ 4 4 2 3 1 0 13 _ 5 1 6

C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ------- ------ - __ 145 3 9 .0 8 2 .0 0 3 2 0 16 23 17 13 8 15 9 1 6 2 7 5M a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------- 51 3 9 .0 8 5 .0 0 - - - - 7 10 8 4 2 2 2 3 1 - 2 5 - 5 - - - -N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ----------------------------------------- 94 3 8 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 - " - 3 13 6 15 13 11 6 13 6 - 6 - 2 - - - “ "

C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ----------------------------------- 155 3 9 . 5 6 8 . 50 - _ 17 14 4 4 21 15 14 1 2 6 3 4 4 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _M a n u fa c t u r in g — -------------------------------------------- 4 2 3 9 . 5 6 9 . 0 0 - - 4 2 13 7 3 3 4 1 1 4N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g — _ __ ___________ 113 3 9 . 5 6 8 . 50 * - 13 1 2 31 14 1 2 11 8 5 2 - 4 1 - - - - - - - -

D u p l ic a t i n g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s( M im e o g r a p h o r D it t o )______________________ 35 3 8 . 5 6 7 . 50 - - 3 4 7 5 8 7 - 1

29 3 8 . 5 7 0 .0 0 4 7 2 g 7 18

K e y p u n c h o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ______________ 12 1 3 9 .0 8 1 .0 0 _ - - 1 3 16 30 2 0 16 15 3 1 4 _ 6 6 _ _ _ - _ _M a n u fa c tu r in g _ _ _ _ _ 4 9 4 0 . 0 8 8 . 0 0 - - - - - 2 8 13 4 6 2 - 2 - 6 6 - - - - - -N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ____ _ _ ____ 72 3 8 . 5 7 5 . 50 “ - - 1 3 14 2 2 7 1 2 9 1 1 2 - - - " - - “ -

K e y p u n c h o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B _ _ __ 282 3 8 .0 7 0 . 00 _ _ 11 50 54 64 4 0 18 1 2 2 0 4 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _29 3 9 .5 7 0 . 00 2 3 3 7 5 5 1 2 l

N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g 2 53 3 8 .0 7 0 .0 0 - - 9 47 51 57 35 13 - - 19 4 18 - - - - - - - - -P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 -------------------------------------- 94 3 9 .0 8 0 .0 0 - - 14 1 0 12 11 6 - - 19 4 18 - - - - - - - - "

O f f i c e g i r l s ______________________________________ 53 3 8 .0 5 6 .0 0 - 15 17 15 - 2 - - _ 4 - - - - _ - - - - - - -N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ----------------------------------------- 47 3 7 . 5 5 5 . 50 - 15 14 14 - “ " 4 " “ " " - - - “ - - -

S e c r e t a r i e s _ _ ----------- 9 54 3 9 .0 8 9 . 50 _ _ 3 14 58 56 52 1 1 2 107 81 147 8 6 65 4 4 27 39 26 13 7 7 1 9M a n u fa c tu r in g ------- _ _ _ _ _ _ 343 4 0 . 0 9 4 . 50 - - - - 11“ — r r 4 — n r ~ 30 4 0 84 53 — Z2 14 9 — r ~ -------T~ — z— “ T - - 7N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g __ __ ___ 611 3 8 .5 8 7 .0 0 - - 3 14 4 7 4 5 4 8 94 77 41 63 33 37 2 2 13 30 2 2 1 0 5 4 1 2

P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 - 119 3 9 . 5 1 0 6 .0 0 - “ - - 7 4 3 5 8 1 5 4 8 11 5 25 15 8 5 2 1 2

S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l 617 3 8 . 5 7 7 .0 0 9 _ 4 27 91 114 71 90 6 8 26 15 18 4 2 29 9 1 2 1 _ _ _ _2 2 l 3 9 .5 7 6 .5 0 3 g 1 2 n 2 2 63 59 19 Q 47

N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------- ----------------- 396 3 8 .0 7 7 .0 0 9 - 1 19 79 92 4 9 27 9 7 6 14 4 2 29 9 1 2 1 - - - -P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 ----- ---- _ __ __ ____ 143 3 9 . 5 9 3 . 00 - “ - 9 14 10 5 1 3 2 2 14 41 29 9 1 2 1 - - -

S t e n o g r a p h e r s , s e n i o r ---------_------ --- 2 2 9 3 8 . 5 8 4 . 00 _ _ _ 3 35 23 21 2 2 30 23 15 14 3 11 15 9 2 2 1 _ _ _M a n u fa c tu r in g --- __ 71 3 9 .5 9 2 . 50 - - - - - 2 9 4 i o 13 9 2 1 8 7 1 2 2 1 - - -N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g---_______------------- 1 58 3 8 .0 8 0 .0 0 - - - 3 35 21 1 2 18 2 0 10 6 12 2 3 8 8 - - - - - -

P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 __ ------ _ 4 3 3 9 .0 8 7 .0 0 - - - - •7 6 3 1 3 8 1 2 1 1 2 8 - " - " - -

S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s ---- _ _ 152 4 0 . 5 6 8 . 50 8 11 13 9 29 24 1 0 8 17 4 2 9 5 _ 1 _ 1 1 _ _ _ _M a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------------— ts * 9 . 5 8 3 .5 0 - - - - - ------- T~ 5 --------T~ ” T 2 P ------ T~ 2 - - - 1 - 1 i - - - -N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ---------- __ 124 4 0 . 5 6 5 .0 0 8 11 13 9 29 2 2 5 7 5 1 - 9 5 - - - - - - - - -

P u b l i c u t i l i t ie s 3 ------- __ _____ ______ 32 4 0 . 0 8 0 . 50 - - 1 1 6 2 2 5 2 1 - 9 3 - - - - - - - "

S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s ------___ 131 4 0 . 0 7 0 . 00 _ _ 4 16 17 37 23 6 19 6 2 1M a n u fa c t u r in g ________ _______________ _______ 4 8 4 0 . 0 7 6 .0 0 - - - 4 14 16 8 3 6 1 1 1N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------— ____ 83 4 0 . 0 7 0 .0 0 “ " 4 1 2 3 27 15 3 13 5 1



Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women— Continued7

(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basisby industry division, Richmond, Ya. , November 1963)

Sex, occupation, and industry division

Women— Continued

Tabulating-machine operators,class B------------------------------------------

Nonmanufacturing----------------------Tabulating-machine operators,

class C------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing_________ ___

Transcribing-machine operators,general-----------------------------------------

Nonmanufacturing______________

Typists, class A __________________Manufacturing__________________N onmanufactur ing«_-------------------

Public utilities3-------------------Typists, class B ----------------------------

Manufacturing----------------------------Nonmanufacturing---------------------

Public utilities3____________

Avxbaox NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF—

Numberof

workersWeekly 1 noun

(Standard)Weekly x earnings

(Standard)U n d er

$ 4 5

$ 4 5a n d

u n d e r$ 5 0

$ 5 0

$ 5 5

$ 5 5

$ 6 0

$ 6 0

$ 6 5

$ 6 5

$ 7 0

$ 7 0

$ 7 5

$ 7 5

$ 8 0

$ 8 0

$ 8 5

$ 8 5

$ 9 0

$ 9 0

$ 9 5

$ 9 5

$ 1 0 0

$ 1 0 0

$ 1 0 5

$ 1 0 5

$ 1 1 0

$ 1 1 0

$ 1 1 5

$ 1 1 5

$ 1 2 0

$ 1 2 0

$ 1 2 5

$ 1 2 5

$ 1 3 0

$ 1 3 0

$ 1 3 5

$ 1 3 5

$ 1 4 0

$ 1 4 0

$ 1 4 5

$ 1 4 5

and

o v e r

8 8 3 8 .0 $ 8 1 .5 0 4 2 14 13 41 8 3 280 3 8 .0 8 1 .0 0 - “ - - 4 2 14 1 0 39 ” 8 - “ 3 - - “ “ " -

50 3 6 . 5 6 5 .0 0 _ _ 6 7 8 8 19 24 8 3 6 . 5 6 5 . 50 - - 6 5 8 8 19 2

64 3 9 . 0 6 8 . 50 _ _ 4 15 H 1 2 5 2 1 0 2 _ 34 8 3 9 .0 7 0 .0 0 " “ 13 9 8 4 1 8 2 - 3

236 3 8 . 0 7 1 .0 0 _ _ 7 18 39 77 41 8 27 5 6 _ 1 4 2 > 1 _ _ _ _ _

41 3 8 . 5 7 7 .0 0 - - 5 - 1 1 0 4 5 3 5 6 - - - 1 - 1 - - - - -

195 3 8 .0 6 9 . 50 . - 2 18 38 67 37 3 24 - - - 1 4 1 - - - - _ - -31 3 9 .0 7 4 .5 0 - - - 8 5 4 3 2 3 - - - 1 4 1 - - - - - - -

549 3 8 . 5 6 0 . 50 - 3 119 162 144 63 31 8 3 5 1 7 3 - - - - - - _ - -

80 3 9 .0 6 5 .5 0 - - 8 7 29 1 2 15 1 3 54 6 9 3 8 .5 6 0 .0 0 - 3 1 1 1 155 115 51 16 7 - - 1 7 3 - - - - - - - - -

4 8 4 0 .0 7 0 .0 0 " “ 3 8 15 1 0 1 “ " " 1 7 3 “ " " “ " - -

1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.2 Workers were distributed as follows: 4 at $145 to $150; 4 at $150 to $155; 3 at $155 to $160; and 3 at $160 and over.3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.4 Workers were distributed as follows: 4 at $145 to $150; and 1 at $150 to $155.

Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women

(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, Va. , November 1963)

Avxbaox NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF-

Number $70 $75 $80 $85 $90 $95 $100 $105 $110 $115 $120 $125 $130 $135 $140 $145 $150 $155 $160Sex, occupation, and industry division of

workersWeekly j noun

(Standard)Weekly x earnings

(Standard)and

under -$75 $80 $85 $90 $95 $100 $105 $110 $115 $120 $125 $130 $135 $140 $145 $150 $155 $160 $165

Men

Draftsmen, senior------------------------------------- 136 40.0 $129.00 - - - - - 4 3 9 11 14 22 11 8 7 19 14 12 _ 2M anu far.tu r in g n o 40.0 129.00 2 1 9 10 14 19 10 4 4 10 14 2

Draftsmen, junior __ __ __ --- --------- 64 40.0 91.50 4 14 12 12 12 1 8 _ _

57 40.0 91.50 4 12 10 11 88

Women

Nurses, industrial (registered)__________ 57 39.5 104.50 2 - 4 5 8 9 6 5 4 1 1 3 8 1 _ _ _ _ _

Manufacturing________ _ ____________ 44 40.0 106.50 2 3 2 6 8 4 2 3 1 1 3 8 1

Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours,


8Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined

(Average straight-time weekly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, V a ., November 1963)

Occupation and industry division Numberof

Averageweeklyearnings1(Standard)

Occupation and industry division Numberof earnings*

(Standard)Occupation and industry division Number

ofworkers earnings * (Standard)

Office occupations Office occupations— Continued Office occupations— Continued

36 $68.50 177 $83.50 Switchboard operators— ----------------- __ — — — 153 $68.5032 66. 00 76 87. 50 Manufacturing -------- -------- — - ------ ------- ----- 29 83. 50

Nonmanufacturing--------------------------------------------------- 101 80. 50 Nonmanufacturing— — -------- ------ ------ — — 124 65. 00Billers, machine (bookkeeping machine)------------------ 100 64. 50 Public utilities 2-------------------------------------------------- 32 80. 50

26 76.00 158 68. 50Nviunanufactui mg 74 60. 50 45 69. 50 Switchboard operator-receptionists--------------------------- 131 70. 00

Nonmanufacturing--------------------------------------------------- 113 68.50 Manufacturing----------------------------------------------------------- 48 70. 00Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A ---------------- 87 75.00 Nonmanufacturing- ----- _ _ ----- ------------ -------- 83 70. 00

Manufacturing--------------------------------------------------------- 32 77. 00 Duplicating-machine operatorsNonmanufacturing--------------------------------------------------- 55 74. 00 (Mimeograph or Ditto)____________________________ — 50 69. 50 Tabulating-machine operators, class B--------------------- 161 87. 00

Nonn\2iTiuf r t1! T"* Y\ g 35 “ 68.00 Manufacturing_______________ _ __ _______ __ __ 34 98. 00Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B ---------------- 201 64. 50 Nonmanufacturing----------- ------------------------ _ -------- 127 84. 00

34 71. 00 Keypunch operators, class A------------------------------------- 123 80. 50Nonmanufacturing___ ___ ________ __ 167 63. 50 50 88.00 Tabulating-machine operators, class C_____________ 114 68. 50

Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------------—----------- 73 75.50 Nonmanufacturing----------------------------------------------------- 104 67. 50

Clerks, accounting, class A___ ________ ------------ _ 467 95.00 Keypunch operators, class B________________________ 290 70. 00 Transcribing-machine operators, general---------------- 64 68. 50124 107.00 Manufacturing_______ ____ - _________________ 29 70. 00 No nmanufa c tu r i ng— — — — — _______________ 48 70. 00343 90.50 Nonmanufacturing— _______ _ _______ _____ 261 70. 00

public ntii'tiAQ ̂ - 97 80. 50 Typists, class A _____________ ___ ______ ____ __ 236 71. 00602 75. 00 Manufacturing----------- -------- ------- --------- — _ ___ 41 77. 00Clerks » stc counting* cistss ij— ——110 90. 50 Office boys and girls_________________________________ 154 59.00 Nonmanufacturing------- --------------------- ------------------ 195 69. 50

Nonmanufacturing--------------------------------------------------- IQ? 71. 50 27 T O O " Public utilities2____ ___ _____________ 31 74. 50‘tyc.Public utilities2-------—------------------ —------- —------- 150 84. 50 Nonmanufacturing--------------------------------------------------- 127 58. 00

Typists, class B ______________________________________ 553 61. 00Clerks file class A 84 87. 00 985 90. 50 Manufacturing------------ ------- —-------- - — ------------- 82 65. 50

Nonmanufacturing---------------------—--------------------------- 76 88.00 344 ' 94. 50 471 60. 00Nonmanufacturing----------------------,---------------------------- 641 88. 50 Public utilities 2-------------------------------------------------- 50 71.00

241 66. 00 Public utilities 2------------------------------------------------ 149 110.00----- 43---- 67. 50 Professional and technical occupations

195 65. 50 Stenographers, general---------------------------------------------- 640 78. 0059 84. 50 Manufacturing_________________ _____ ____________ “ i i i — 76750” Draftsmen, senior___ ___________ ____ — ________ 129.00

Nonmanufacturing----------------------------- -------------------- 419 78. 50 110 129.00Clerks, file, class C ______ .___ _____ __ __ 151 54. 50 Public utilities 2------------------------------------------------ 166 95.00

129 54. 50 Draftsmen, junior-------------------------------------------------------- 65 91. 50Stenographers, senior__________ ___________ _______ _ 230 84. 00 Manufacturing___ _____ - ------ — _____ 57 91. 50

Clerks, order_______ _______________________________ 139 83. 50 Manufacturing--------------------------------------------------------- 92. 5062 89. 50 Nonm anufac turing------- ----- _______--------------------------- 158 80. 00 Nurses, industrial (registered)— _ ----------------- _ 57 104.50

Nonmanufacturing------------------------------------------------- - 77 79.00 Fablic utilities 2----------------- ---------------------------- 43 37. 00 44 106. 50

Earnings relate to regular straight-time weekly salaries that are paid for standard workweeks. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.


9Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations

(Average straight-time hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basisby industry division, Richmond, Va., November 1963)

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—

Occupation and industry divisionNumberofworkers

Average hourly . earnings$ 1.00

andunder$ 1.10

$ 1.10

$ 1.20

$ 1.20

$1.30

$1.30

$1.40

$1.40

$1.50

$1.50

$1.60

$1.60

$1.70

$1.70

$1.80

$1.80

$1.90

$1.90

$2.00

$2.00

$2.10

$2.10

$2.20

$2.20

$2.30

$ O o

$2.40

$2.40

$2.50

$ I3 o

$2.60

$2.60

$2.70

$2770

$2.80

$2.80

$2.90

$2.90

$3.00

$3.00

$3.10

$3.10

$3.20

$3.20

$3.30

$3.30

$3.40

$3.40

$3.50

$3.50and

over

Carpenters, maintenance---------------------- 91 $2.84 1 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 6 4 2 3 29 18 6 2 1Manufa ctur ing________________________ 63 2.92 1 2 2 - 1 - 3 - 6 _ 2 3 21 17 5 _ _ _Nonmanufacturing------------------------------ 28 2.68 “ - - - 1 " 2

1 - 21 3 1 - 4 - - 8 1 1 2 1 "

Electricians, maintenance-. __ 236 3.11 1 1 n 8 2 3 6 7 38 18 6 88 28 19Manufacturing------------------------------------ 210 3.08 1 1 11 - 8 - 3 6 4 38 18 5 88 27 -

Engineers, stationary__________________ 67 2.69 . . 2 1 2 5 ! 4 ! 10 7 ! 7 4 15 1 j 4Manufacturing------------------------------------ 48 2.72 " " - 2 - “ - 1 " - 4 " 4 - 6 4 7 3 14 " “ - 3

Firemen, stationary boiler ___ 70 1.93 5 5 _ 3 . 3 6 ! 15 2 3 3 8 4 8 4Manufacturing — ____ 55 2.10 - - 3 3 6 - 13 3 3 8 4 8 - - 4 - - - " - -

Helpers, maintenance trades__________ 130 2.41 . 1 2 . 3 7 2 4 6 3 3 2 3 5 . 52 7 4 26Manufacturing___________________ ____ 78 2.33 - - 2 - 3 6 - 3 1 2 2 1 2 - - 52 - 4 - - - - _ _ _ _Nonmanufacturing— _ ------ ------ 52 2.52 “ 1 ■ - 1 2

15 1 1 1 1 5 - 7 - 26 “ - - - - -

Machinists, maintenance__________ —__ 265 3.06 2 2 ! 3 8 8 9 4 3 2 23 49 11 136 2Manuf actur ing 262 3.06 " - “ “ ~ - - ~ 2 2 1 3 8 8 8 4 3 2 23 49 11 136 1 - 1

Mechanics, automotive(maintenance) -__ ____ _________ 268 2.46 - _ _ _ _ 11 4 7 10 5 31 8 38 36 6 3 3 33 _ 2 46 25 _ _ _ _

Manufa ctur ing_______________________ 47 2.33 - - - - - - - 5 3 - 8 4 6 - 1 2 - 16 _ 2 _ - _ _ _ -Nonmanufacturing—--------------------------- 221 2.48 - - - - - 11 4 2 7 5 23 4 32 36 5 1 3 17 - - 46 25 _ _ _ _

Public utilities2................................. 172 2.53 - " • 3 - 2 1 5 14 4 32 36 5 1 - 16 " - 30 23 - "

Mechanics, maintenance----------------------- 465 2.94 10 9 30 13 42 9 6 19 5 119 193 10Manufa rfrnring 444 2.94 10 9 30 13 40

1

9 2 1 Q 1 1 Q 1

Millwrights____ - __ - ___ 157 3.07 1 1 2

1 7 117

87 7

l y j

58Manufa ctur ing______—_______________ 157 3.07 1 1 2 - 1 - - - 87 7 - 58 - - -

Oilers _ ___ _ __ ____ 75 2.14 . _ 2 3 7 j n 1 6 6 2 30 6Manufacturing __ - - - ____ - 74 2.14 “ - 2 3 - 7 1 11 1 5 6 2 30 - - - - 6 " - - -

Painters, maintenance-------------------------- 96 2.85 _ . _ _ _ 4 2 . . _ 6 . 2 5 2 ! 7 4 2 3 58Manufacturing------------------------------------ 81 2.99 5 ■ 1 1 2 1 7 2 2 - 2 58 - - - -

Pipefitters, maintenance——_______________ 115 3.19 _ . . . . . . . _ . . 1 j 24 7 4 78Mannfarhiring 115 3.19 1 24 7 4 78

Sheet-metal workers, maintenance____ 54 3.16 _ . . _ . _ _ _ . . 1 . 1 11 5 36Manufacturing 54 3.16 1 11 5 36

'

1 E x c l u d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e an d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , a n d la te s h if t s .2 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o th e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s .


10

Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations

(Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basisby industry division, Richmond, Va. , November 1963)


Occupation 1 and industry divisionNumber

ofworkers

AverageUnder$0.60

$0.60and

under$0.70

$0.70

$0.80

$0.80

$0.90

$0.90

$1.00

$1.00

$1.10

$1.10

$1.20

$1.20

$1.30

$1.30

$1.40

$1.40

$1.50

$1.50

$1.60

$1.60

$1.70

$1.70

$1.80

$1.80

$1.90

$1.90

$2.00

$2.00

$2.10

$2.10

$2.20

$2.20

$2.30

$2.30

$2.40

$2.40

$2.50

$2.50

$2.60

$2.60

$2.70

$2.70

$2.80

$2.80

$2.90

$2.90

$3.00

$3.00

$3.10

Elevator operators, passenger(women)_______________________________ 40 $0. 85 3 6 15 3 - - 4 2 6 3 1

Nonmanufacturing----------------------------- 39 . 84 6 15 3 - - 4 2 5 3 1

Guards and watchmen______ ____ — _ 249 1.96 3 4 32 23 12 12 8 13 8 6 16 43 13 8 9 5 1 33Manufacturing___________ —---------------- 153 2. 12 - - - - - - - 7 13 9 2 7 13 6 5 14 36 3 - - 4 1 - - - 33

Watchmen------------------ —------------- - 107 1. 81 - - - - - - - 7 13 9 2 7 13 6 5 13 32Nonmanufacturing------— --------------- - 96 1.70 ” “ 3 - - 4 25 10 3 10 1 " 2 1 2 7 10 8 9 1 - “ -

Janitors, porters, and cleaners(men)---------------------------------------------------- 970 1. 55 8 28 19 7 2 49 53 120 105 77 60 106 70 23 24 86 65 32 36 _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Manufacturing------- ---------------------------- 434 1. 80 _ _ - _ _ _ - 18 49 23 31 50 58 15 18 84 60 2 26 _ - _ _ _ _ _Nonmanufacturing------------------------------------- 536 1. 35 8 28 19 7 2 49 53 102 56 54 29 56 12 8 6 2 5 30 10 - - - - - - -

Public utilities 4_____________________ 103 1. 80 - “ - “ “ - - 1 7 13 7 29 3 6 2 2 3 30

Janitors, porters, and cleaners(worn en) -____ ________________________ _ 212 1. 28 8 6 _ - - 31 11 75 19 30 12 5 4 1 - 1 8 - 1 - - - - - _ -

Manuf actur ing______________ ________ _ 46 1.46 - - - - - - - 16 15 3 1 3 3 1 - 1 2 - 1 - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing—--------------------------- 166 1. 24 8 6 ■ " " 31 11 59 4 27 11 2 1 " ~ " 6

Laborers, material handling--------------- 1,235 1.71 . 4 4 254 120 80 30 200 120 14 51 18 126 86 125 3 . . . . .Manufacturing— ------------ ------- — - 552 1. 77 - - - - - - - 53 46 62 29 36 114 - 45 - 99 26 42 - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing----------------------------- 683 1.65 - - - - - 4 4 201 74 18 1 164 6 14 6 18 27 60 83 3 - - - - - -

Public utilities4--------------------------- 183 2. 13 - ” “ • “ 9 ” " 1 1 5 13 4 17 27 60 45 1 ■ ■ " ■ ■

Order fillers------------------------------------------ 360 1. 87 21 . 35 24 23 21 79 28 4 12 15 10 _ 57 7 24 . _ _Manufacturing------------------------------------ 75 2. 17 _ - - - - - - 1 2 - 1 6 - 13 4 - 15 10 - - - 23 - - - -

Nonmanufacturing------------------------ 285 1. 80 - - “ - 20 33 24 22 15 79 15 “ 12 ■ • “ 57 7 1 " ” - -

Packers, shipping--------------------------------- 163 1. 57 . . . . _ _ _ 22 28 11 45 20 6 12 3 3 2 7 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing__________ ______ ______ 98 1.72 1 2 39 20 5 12 3 3 2 7 2 2 “ " ■ - “ -

Receiving clerks------- ------- ------------ - 97 2. 22 5 j 9 2 6 9 5 3 4 14 4 7 3 3 22Mamifartiiring 57 2. 44 2 1 3 5 2 _ 4 7 4 7 3 _ 19 _ _Nonmanufacturing------------------- --------- 40 1.90 " - - " - - 5 1 9 - 5 6 " 1 - “ 7 - " - 3 3 - “

Shipping clerks ------- — — — — ---- - 99 2. 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 7 12 2 15 2 5 25 6 11 2 3 1 2 164 2. 26 1 2 8 2 14 2 5 4 6 11 2 3 1 2 1

Nonmanuf ac tur ing ------------------------- — 35 2. 10 4 5 4 - 1 - - 21 - ~ " " - -

Shipping and receiving clerks-------------- 51 2. 27 1 _ 8 5 _ 1 8 4 _ 11 1 _ 7 1 1 328 2. 31 2 1 8 4 10 - 3«g

Truckdrivers 5--------------------------------------- 1, 163 1.91 3 4 95 142 56 199 32 27 39 25 124 26 13 113 157 3 . _ 104Manufacturing— ~ — ---- ------- -------- *51 1.76 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 12 48 27 8 17 19 25 25 13 15 4 18 17 - 3 - - - -Nonmanufacturing----------------------------- 912 1.95 3 4 83 94 29 191 15 8 14 111 11 9 95 140 1 104

See footnotes at end of table.


11Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations— Continued

(Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, Va., November 1963)


Occupation1 and industry divisionNumber

ofworker*

AvengeUnder$0.60

$0.60and

under$0.70

$0.70

$0.80

$0.80

$0.90

$ 0.90

$ 1.00

$ 1.00

$ 1.10

$ 1.10

$ 1.20

$ 1.20

$1.30

$1.30

$1.40

$1.40

$1.50

$1.50

$1.60

$1.60

$1.70

$1.70

$1.80

$1.80

$ 1.90

$1.90

$2.00

$2.00

$2.10

$ 2.10

$ 2.20

$ 2.20

$2.30

$2.30

$2.40

$2.40

$2.50

$2.50

$2.60

$ 2.60

$2.70

$2?70

$2.80

J z M

$2.90

$ 2.96

$3.00

| X o U

$3.10

Truckdrivers 5— Continued

Truckdrivers, light (underl 1 /2 t o n s ) __________________________________ 167 $1.91 - - - - - 3 2 22 8 19 8 8 5 10 6 4 6 2 1 62 - 1 _ _ - _

Nonmanufacturing________________ 149 1.92 - " " 3 2 20 8 15 8 7 5 9 " 4 6 “ - 62 - - - ' - -

Truckdrivers, medium ( l1 3/2 to and556 1.91 _ _ - . _ _ 2 33 95 31 19 21 12 28 9 98 20 10 69 86 1 2 _ _ 20

Manuf actur ing 160 ” 1.73 - - - - - _ - 10 24 23 8 14 9 23 9 11 15 2 2 8 _ 2 _ - - _Nonmanufacturing 396 1.99 - - - - - . 2 23 71 8 11 7 3 5 - 87 5 8 67 78 1 _ _ . - 20

PiiKlir iifilitiofi ̂ 272 2.29 2 4 87 5 g 67 78 20

Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons,trailer type) 168 2.53 - - - - - _ _ 5 5 1 1 1 10 1 6 20 . 1 32 1 _ _ _ _ _ 84

Nonmanufacturing — —— — ——— — 146 2.63 - - - - - - - 5 5 1 1 1 - - _ 20 - 1 28 _ - _ _ _ - 84Public utilities 4 ---------------------- 128 2.77 20 - 1 23 " “ - - - - 84

Truckers, power (forklift)______________ 372 1.91 _ _ _ _ . . ! 6 23 7 35 38 47 90 7 . 6 40 31 5 7 23 6Manufacturing 251 1.91 - - - - - - . 4 19 6 32 20 35 33 3 - 6 40 31 _ - 22 _ . _ _

Nonmanufacturing — 121 1.90 1 2 4 3 18 12 57 4 5 7 1 6

1 Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated.2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.3 All workers were at $0.50 to $0.60.4 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.5 Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated.


12 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage ProvisionsTable B-l. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers

(Distribution of establishments studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected categories of inexperienced women office workers, Richmond, V a ., November 1963)

Minimum weekly straight-time salary1

Inexperienced typists Other inexperienced clerical workers 2

Allindustries

Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing

Allindustries

Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing

Based on standard weekly hours 3 of— Based on standard weekly hours 3 of-

Allschedules 4 0 All

schedules 37 7* 4 0 Allschedules 4 0 All

schedules 3 7 72 4 0

Establishments studied-------------------------------------------------------------- 131 51 X X X 8 0 X X X X X X 131 51 X X X 8 0 X X X X X X

Establishments having a specified minimum—. -------------------- 4 6 13 1 0 3 3 9 18 51 11 9 4 0 1 2 2 1

$ 3 7 . 5 0 and under $ 4 0 . 0 0 — --------- — — ------ ----- . _ - - . - 1 - _ 1 1 -$ 4 0 . 0 0 and under $ 4 2 . 5 0 ------------------------------------------------------ 1 - - 1 - 1 1 - - 1 - 1$ 4 2 . 5 0 and under $ 4 5 . 0 0 ------------------------------------------------------ 1 - - 1 - 1 1 - - 1 - 1$ 4 5 . 0 0 and under $ 4 7 . 5 0 ------------------------------------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - -$ 4 7 . 5 0 and under $ 5 0 . 0 0 -------------- — - --------- - --------- - - - - - - 1 - - 1 1 -

$ 5 0 . 0 0 and under $ 5 2 . 5 0 ------------------------------------------------------ 2 1 4 4 17 3 8 31 6 4 2 5 7 11$ 5 2 . 5 0 and under $ 5 5 . 0 0 . ------ --------- _ - --------- — - 8 1 1 7 4 3 4 1 1 3 2 1$ 5 5 . 0 0 and under $ 5 7 . 5 0 — ------------------- ------ — - 4 1 - 3 2 1 3 - - 3 1 2$ 5 7 . 5 0 and under $ 6 0 . 0 0 ------------------------------------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - -$ 6 0 . 0 0 and under $ 6 2 . 5 0 - — . . . ----- ------- 4 3 2 1 - 1 2 1 1 1 - 1$ 6 2 . 5 0 and under $ 6 5 . 0 0 --------------------------------------- — ---------- - - - - - - - - - - - -

$ 6 5 . 0 0 and under $ 6 7 . 5 0 --------------- — — --------- 4 3 2 1 - 1 3 2 2 1 - 1$ 6 7 . 50 and under $ 7 0 . 0 0 -------------— -------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - -

$ 7 0 . 0 0 and under $ 7 2 . 5 0 __________ __________________________________ - - - - - - 1 - . 1 - 1$ 7 2 . 5 0 and under $ 7 5 .0 0 __________ ___________ ____________________ 1 1 1 - - - 1 1 1 - - -

$ 7 5 . 0 0 and over______________________________________________________________ 2 - - 2 - 2 2 - 2 - 2

Establishments having no specified minimum -------------------------------------- 19 6 X X X 13 X X X X X X 2 2 8 X X X 14 X X X X X X

Establishments which did not employ workersin this category -------- ----------- -------------------- ------------- --------------- ----------- 6 6 3 2 X X X 3 4 X X X X X X 58 3 2 X X X 26 X X X X X X

These salaries relate to formally established minimum starting (hiring) regular straight-time salaries that are paid for standard workweeks, Excludes workers in subclerical jobs such as messenger or office girl.Data are presented for all standard workweeks combined, and for the most common standard workweeks reported.


13

Table B-2. Shift Differentials

(Shift differentials of manufacturing plant workers by type and amount of differential, Richmond, Va., November 1963)

Percent of manufacturing plant workers—

Shift differentialIn establishments having form al

provisions 1 for— Actually working on—

Second shift work

Third or other shift work Second shift Third or other

shift

T o ta l-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75.0 54.8 15.7 6.2

With shift pay differential------------------------------------- 75.0 54.8 15.7 6.2

Uniform cents (per hour)_____________________ 31.4 23.2 6.2 2.8

4 cents __ ____________ _________ ___ 1.7 . .3 _5 c e n ts_______________________ ___________ 13.0 1.3 2.7 .46 cents ______________________ ______ ________ 1.8 - .4 -7 c e n ts____________________________ ________ - 1.4 - .28 c e n ts ------------------- ------------------------------ — 3.9 2.8 1.1 .49 c e n ts_________ ___________________ _____ - 1.0 - .31 0 c ent s_____ _______________________________ 1.4 4.4 .1 .512 cents-------------------- ----------- --------------------- 1.8 4.7 .3 .812 Vz cents___________ ______________ ___ 2.3 - .2 -13 V3 cents.________________________________ 1.5 - .5 -15 cents________________________ — _______ 3.9 - .7 -15 V2 cents___________________________________ - 2.3 - (2)16 cen ts.______________________________________ - 1.5 - .120 cents____________ ________________________ - 2.2 - -25 cen ts.___________ _________- __ ___ -_____ " 1.6 - -

Uniform percentage___________________________ 40.6 29.8 8.8 3.5

8 percent______ _______ __ _____ 23.3 _ 5.3 _10 p e rc e n t_____________ ___ ____ _______ 17.2 29.8 3.5 3.5

Other form al pay d ifferen tia l____________ __ 3.1 1.8 .6 -

With no shift pay differential____________________ -

' '

1 Includes establishments currently operating late shifts, and establishments with form al provisions covering late shifts even though they were not currently operating late shifts.

2 Less than 0.05 percent.


14Table B-3. Scheduled Weekly Hours

(Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hoursof first-shift workers, Richmond, Va., November 1963)

Weekly hoursOFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS

All industries 1 Manufacturing Public utilities 1 2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2

100 100 100 100 100 100

35 hours 5 1 (4 )3 6 V4 hours —________________________— — ___ ___________ 10 2 - - -367* hours r,,— 2 - - - - _

36llz hours --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 - - - - -

3 7 V2 hours --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 11 38 2 1 _

Over 3 7 V2 and under 40 hours------------------------------------------ 6 1 - 2 2 -

40 hours --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 82 62 76 83 79Over 40 and under 44 hours----------------------------------------------- 1 - - 4 2 _

44 hours ---------- — ------------ — ---------------------------------------------------------- 01 - 1 - -

45 hours ------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (4 ) 2 - 7 8 19Over 45 and under 48 hours----------------------------------------------- _ - - 1 _ _

48 hours----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (4 ) - - 5 2 2Over 48 hours------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2

1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.4 Less than 0.5 percent.


Table B-4. Paid Holidays15

(Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidaysprovided annually, Richmond, Va. , November 1963)

OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERSItem

All industries 1 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2

All workers_______________ _____ _ __ _ __ 100 100 100 100 100 100

Workers in establishments providing

Workers in establishments providing100 100 100 96 98 100

no paid holidays ____________ _ __ __ ■ - - 4 2 -

Number of days

Less than 5 holidays— ________ _ _______ __ (4) 1 . 7 6 95 holidays______ ____ _______ _ ________ 5 1 - 5 (4) _5 holidays plus 1 half day________________________ 1 5 - - _6 holidays_______________________ ______ _________ 35 19 9 30 18 226 holidays plus 1 half day__ _____ _ _ ______ 3 3 - 1 - _6 holidays plus 2 half days________ _____________ (4) 1 - 1 2 _7 holidays_____ __ __ ____ _____________ _ 27 26 55 35 49 417 holidays plus 1 half day________________________ 2 - - - - _8 holidays_____ __ __ __ _ ____ _________ 20 44 37 16 23 278 holidays plus 1 half day____ _ ________ __ 3 - - - - _9 holidays_________________________________________ (4) - - (4) - -10 holidays plus 2 half days______ __ ______ 2 " " " “

Total holiday time 5

u days_____________________________________________ 2 _ _ _9 days or m o re______ _____ __ ___ _ __ _ 3 - - (!> - -8V2 days or m o re_________________________________ 6 - - (4) - _8 days or m o re______ _______________________ ___ 26 44 37 16 23 277V2 days or more __ _ ______ _ ________ 29 44 37 16 23 277 days or m o re__________________________________ 55 71 91 52 74 6961 /? days or more _ __ ____ _ ___ ____ 59 74 91 54 74 696 days or m o re__ __ ______ __ _______ 93 93 100 84 92 91Sl!z days or m o re_________________________________ 94 97 100 84 92 915 days or m o re— __ __ __ ____ 100 99 100 89 93 914 days or more _ ________ _ __ _ 100 99 100 90 93 1003 days or more ____ ___ __________ ________________ 100 100 100 94 97 1002 days or more __ _ ______ 100 100 100 95 98 100

100 100 100 96 98 100

1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.4 Less than 0. 5 percent.5 All combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and

no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated.


16Table B-5. Paid Vacations1

(Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation payprovisions, Richmond, V a ., November 1963)

Vacation policy

OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS

All industries 2 Manufacturing Public utilities3 All industries 4 Manufacturing Public utilities 3

100 100 100 100 100 100

Method of payment

Workers in establishments providingpaid vacations------------------------------------------------------ 99 100 100 98 98 100

Length-of-time payment— — ------------------ _ 99 100 100 94 93 100Percentage payment ------------- ---------------------- - - - 1 1 -Flat-sum payment— ------------- ---------------------- - - - 1 - -Other--------- ----------------------- — ------------------ - - - - 2 4 -

Workers in establishments providingno paid vacations— -------------- ----------------------- - (5) 2 2

Amount of vacation pay6

After 6 months of service

Under 1 week— — —— — — — — — 9 3 _ 10 9 141 week---------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 63 53 28 25 30Over 1 and under 2 w eeks----------------------------------- 3 - - - - -2 w eeks------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 8 - 4 6

After 1 year of service

Und e r 1 we ek— ——— — — ——— — _ _ _ 1 - -1 week____ __ — — — — — — ---------------------- 30 21 82 52 45 9 7Over 1 and under 2 w eeks----------------------------------- (5) 2 - 1 2 -2 w eeks------------------------------------------------------------------- 68 7 7 18 43 51 3Over 2 and under 3 weeks___ — — -------------— 2 ■ “

After 2 years of service

Under 1 week---------------------------------------------------------- _ _ - 1 - -1 week---------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 14 4 33 28 49Over 1 and under 2 w eeks----------------------------------- 8 1 39 7 9 72 w eeks------ ----------------------------------------------—--------— 81 84 58 58 60 4 4Over 2 and under 3 w eeks----------------------------------- 2 - - " - "


1 week-___________________________________________— 3 8 1 18 19 11Over 1 and under 2 w eeks----------------------------------- (5) - - 2 2 -2 w eeks------- ------ ---------------------------—---------------------- 95 92 99 78 77 89Over 2 and under 3 weeks----------------------------------- 2 - “ " ~ “


1 week---------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 7 1 17 17 10Over 1 and under 2 w eeks----------------------------------- (5) 1 - 1 1 -2 w eeks------------------------------------------------------------------- 95 92 99 80 80 90Over 2 and under 3 weeks----------------------------------- 2



Table B-5. Paid Vacations1— Continued17

(Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation payprovisions, Richmond, Va., November 1963)

OFFICE W O R K E R S P L A N T W O R K E R S

Vacation policyAll industries1 2 Manufacturing Public utilities3 All industries4 Manufacturing Public utilities3

Amount of vacation pay 6— Continued


1 week _ _ 1 1 _ 9 8 4Over 1 and under 2 ----------------------- ( 5 ) 1 - 1 1 -2 weeks 7 8 65 100 82 8 9 96Ov*r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _______ 12 - - 2 - -3 weeks __ ______ 9 33 - 5 1 -


1 1 _ 9 8 42 weeks — 54 35 97 40 37 89Over 2 and under 3 weeks 8 . - - - -3 weeks 37 63 3 49 54 8


1 w e e k 1 1 _ 9 8 42 weeks 50 32 81 35 34 60Over 2 and under 3 weeks 8 - - - - -3 weeks 41 67 19 54 57 36


1 week _______ 1 1 _ 9 8 42 weeks 20 27 5 22 22 83 weeks 78 71 95 68 69 89Over 3 and under 4 weeks 1 - - - - -


1 week ___ __ 1 1 _ 9 8 42 weeks 18 22 5 20 20 83 weeks 55 27 95 45 53 79Over 3 and under 4 weeks_________________________ 4 - - - - -4 weeks 22 49 ( 5 ) 24 18 10


1 week 1 1 _ 9 8 42 weeks 18 22 5 20 18 83 weeks 29 20 40 21 25 254 weeks _ — 51 57 55 48 47 64Over 4 weeks 1

1 Includes basic plans only. Excludes plans such as vacation*savings and those plans which offer "extended" or "sabbatical" benefits beyond basic plans to workers with qualifying lengthsof service. Typical of such exclusions are plans recently negotiated in the steel, aluminum, and can industries.

2 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.4 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.5 Less than 0.5 percent.6 Includes payments other than "length of t im e ," such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-sum payments, converted to an equivalent time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of

annual earnings was considered as 1 week's pay. Periods of service were arbitrarily chosen and do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions for progressions. For example, the changesin proportions indicated at 10 years' service include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 years. Estimates are cumulative. Thus, the proportion receiving 3 weeks' pay or more after 5 years includes those who receive 3 weeks' pay or more after fewer years of service.


18Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans

(Percent of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension benefits,1 Richmond, Va., November 1963)

O FFIC E W O R K E R S P L A N T W O R K E R S

Type of benefitA ll industries2 Manufacturing Public utilities 3 Ail industries 4 Manufacturing Public utilities 3

All workers — __ — ------ _ — 100 100 100 100 100 100

Workers in establishments providing;

Life insurance - —Accidental death and dismemberment

93 90 99 85 86 96

Sickness and accident insurance or42 30 42 37 29 47

sick leave or both 5______ __________________ - 72 - - 78 -

Sickness and accident insurance 31 63 6 53 64 25Sick leave (full pay and no

Sick leave (partial pay or53 52 41 25 18 16

waiting period)------------------------------------------ - 1 - 12 13 -

Hospitalization insurance - — 86 79 99 78 84 96Surgical insurance____________________________ 86 78 99 75 79 96Medical insurance____________________________ 69 66 97 54 58 87Catastrophe insurance__ — 79 55 95 31 17 75Retirement pension 73 73 55 59 64 64No health, insurance, or pension plan_~~— 1 2 1 4 3 4

1 Includes those plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the employer, except those legally required, such as workmen's compensation, social security, and railroad retirement.2 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.4 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.5 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick leave plans are limited to those which definitely establish at least

the minimum number of days' pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded.


19

Table B-7. Paid Sick Leave

(Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisionsby formal sick leave provisions, Richmond, V a ., November 1963)

Sick leave provision

OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS

All industries1 Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities2

All workers— 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Workers in establishments providingformal paid sick leave- 61.9 5 3 .4 77.5 37.5 3 1 .4 43. 1

Workers in establishments providingno formal paid sick leave_______________________ 38. 1 46. 6 22.5 62.5 6 8 .6 56.9

Type and amount of paid aiek leaveprovided annually

Uniform plan:4No waiting period_______________________________ 16.4 44 .5 2 .2 15.6 16 .4 _

Full pay5 _ 15.8 4 2 .0 2 .2 15.3 15.8 _5 days ....................... . 3 .2 - 1 .4 .7 _ _6 days _ .5 - .8 3 .4 - _10 days_____________ _____ 9 .4 33 .8 _ 1.5 _130 days .. . _ ...... 1.6 6 .7 _ 8 .9 15.8 _

Full pay plus partied pay 5_________________ .5 2 .5 - .3 .6 _20 days ..... _ .5 2 .5 - .3 .6 _

Waiting period__________________________________ - - - 7 .2 11. 7 -

Graduated plan4— After 1 year of service:No waiting period 37 .4 7 .9 38.7 9 .0 _ 15.6

Full pay5 30.8 7 .9 38.7 4 .9 15.65 days_______________________________ _____ 6 .5 1.8 6 .9 3 .5 . 15.610 days______ ____ ____ ___ 6 .9 2. 3 . _ . _12 days.____ __________________________ 2 .4 - - _ _13 days 6 .0 . 31.8 _ _ _15 days 4 .6 - - .8 _ _20 days________ _________ ___ __________ 3.6 _ - _ _ _40 to 50 days .8 3 .9 _ • _ _

Full pay plus partial pay 5_________________ 6 .5 - - 4. 1 - -5 days_____________________________________ 4 .4 - - 2 .7 _ _

Waiting period- 8 .2 1.0 36.6 5 .7 3 .2 27.5

Graduated plan4— After 10 years of service:No waiting period_______________________________ 45 .3 7 .9 75.3 13.9 1 .8 43.1

Full pay 5____________________________________ 30.7 6. 1 38.7 4 .9 . 15.610 days___________________________________ 5 .9 - 6 .1 2. 1 - -14 days___________________________________ - - - 1.3 - 13.815 day s______________________________ 3. 1 - - - _ .18 days__ __—_________________ ________ 2 .4 - - _ • _20 days____________________________ 2.5 2 .3 .8 .2 - 1.860 days___________________________________ 2 .9 - - - - _75 days_______________ ___________________ 3 .6 - - - - _80 to 90 days_____________________________ .8 3 .9 - - _ _130 days__________________________________ 6 .0 - 31.8 - . .

Full pay plus partial pay 5_________________ 14.6 1.8 36.6 7 .9 - 27.51 5 d a y s 1.7 - - 2 .7 - _50 days_____________ ____________ ___ 3 .8 - - 1 .3 - -70 days __ 6 .9 - 36.6 2 .6 _ 27.5

Partial pay only_____________________________ - - - 1 .0 1.8 _Waiting period. .2 1.0 - .8 1 .4 -

Pro v isions for accumulation

Workers in establishments havingprovisions for accumulation ofunused sick leave 18.9 3 4 .4 7 .8 3 .6 ” 15.6

1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.4 "Uniform plans" are defined as those formal plans under which an employee, after 1 year of service, is entitled to the same number of days' paid sick leave each year. "Graduated plans" are defined as those formal plans under which an employee's leave varies according to length of service. Periods of service were arbitrarily chosen. Estimates reflect provisions applicable at the stated length of service but do not reflect provisions for progression. Thus, the proportion receiving 15 days' sick leave after 10 years of service may also receive this amount after greater or lesser lengths of service.

* May include provisions other than those presented separately. Numbers of days shown under "Full pay plus partial pay" are days for which workers receive sick leave at full pay; workers are entitled to additional days of sick leave at partial pay.Digitized for FRASER

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Appendix: Occupational Descriptions

The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.

OFFICE

BILLER, MACHINE

Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows:

Biller, machine (billing machine). Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede-

BOOKKEEPING-MA CHINE OPERATOR

Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.

Class A . Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand.

termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.

Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine).Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers* bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips.

Class B. Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, inventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.

CLERK, ACCOUNTING

Class A. Under general direction of a bookkeeper or accountant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establishment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts

21Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

22

payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; and may direct class B accounting clerks.

Class B. Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers.

CLERK, ACCOUNTING-Continued

CLERK, FILE

Class A , In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks.

Class B« Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by simple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested, locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files.

Class C. Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g ., alphabetical, chronological, or numerical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Performs simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files.

CLERK, ORDER

Receives customers’ orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders.

CLERK, PAYROLL

Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers’ earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine.

COMPTOMETER OPERATOR

Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathematical computations. This job is not to be confused with that o f statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties.

DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)

Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material.


KEYPUNCH OPERATOR

Class A. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combination keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source documents to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but, in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators.

Class B. Under close supervision or following specific procedures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor.

OFFICE BOY OR GIRL

Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work.

SECRETARY

Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and

23

SECRETARY— Continued

making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior.

STENOGRAPHER, GENERALPrimary duty is to take dictation involving a normal routine

vocabulary from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.)

STENOGRAPHER,SENIOR

Primary duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc.

OR

Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evidenced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographicspeed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general business and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work.


24

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR

Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator- receptionist.

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST

In addition to performing duties of operator on a single position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’ s time while at switchboard.

TABULA TING-MACHINE OPERATOR

Class A. Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical accounting machines, typically including such machines as the tabulator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs complete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex reports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new operators in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators.

Class B# Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical accounting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wiring from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabulations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine.

TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR-Continued

Class C. Operates simple tabulating or electrical accounting machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or repetitive operations.

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL

Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general.

TYPIST

Uses a typewriter to make copies o f various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail.

Class A. Performs one or more o f the following: Typing material in final form when it involves combining material from several sources err responsibility for correct Spelling, syllabication, punctuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language material; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances.

Class B9 Performs one or more o f the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance policies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly.


25

PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL

DRAFTSMAN

Leader. Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation o f working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; and performing more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature.

Senior. Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use o f drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams, and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting.

DRAFTSMAN-Continued

Junior (assistant). Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by draftsman or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman.

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)A registered nurse who gives nursing service under general

medical direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees' injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel.

TRACER

Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple drawings and do simple lettering.

MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT

CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE

Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made o f wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out o f work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable

CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued

power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.


26

ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE

Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generation, distribution, or utilization o f electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layouts, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

ENGINEER, STATIONARY

Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to supply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigeration, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintainingequipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded.

FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER

Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, or gas or oil burner; and checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment.

HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES

Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, machine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding materialsor tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis.

MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM

Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines, in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling, and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE

Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions andspecifications; planning and laying out o f work; using a variety o f machinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, tooling, feeds, and speeds o f machining; knowledge of the working


MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE-Continued

properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE)

Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE

Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production o f parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines.

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Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

OILER

MILLWRIGHT

Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing surfaces of. mechanical equipment of an establishment.

PAINTER, MAINTENANCE

Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE

Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipecutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings


28

and fastening pipe to hangers;making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded.

PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE

Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation ofvents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE

Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet- metal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) o f an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available

PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued

types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work o f the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

TOOL AND DIE MAKER

(Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker)

Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out o f work frommodels, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments, understanding o f the working properties o f common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating o f metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE-Continued

CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT

ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER

Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. W'orkers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded.

GUARD

Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gate- men who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f em ployees and other persons entering.


JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER

(Sweeper; charwomen; janitress)

Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded.

LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING

(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper)

A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or mote o f the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on orfrom freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded.

ORDER FILLER

(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)

Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers’ orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform Other related duties.

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PACKER, SHIPPING

Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge o f various items of stock in order to verifycontent; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded .

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK

Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices,routes, available means of transportation, and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files.

For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows:

Receiving clerk Shipping clerkShipping and receiving clerk


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TRUCKDRIVER

Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport materials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers* houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded.

For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated onthe basis of trailer capacity.)

Truckdriver (combination o f s izes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under l l/2 tons)Truckdriver, medium ( l l/2 to and including 4 tons)Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type)Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type)

TRUCKER, POWER

Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.

For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows:

Trucker, power (forklift)Trucker, power (other than forklift)

WATCHMAN

Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry.


Available On Request------

The fourth annual report on salaries for accountants, auditors, attorneys, chemists, engineers, engineering technicians, draftsmen, tracers, job analysts, directors of personnel, managers of office services, and clerical employees.

Order as BLS Bulletin 1387, National Survey of Professional, Administrative, Technical, and Clerical Pay, February—March 1963* 40 cents a copy.


Occupational Wage Surveys

A list of the latest available bulletins is presented below. A directory indicating dates of earlier studies, and the prices of the is available upon request. Bulletins may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. ( or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover.

AreaBulletinnumber Price Area

Bulletinnumber

Akron, Ohio-------------------------------------------------------Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N. Y ________________Albuquerque, N. M ex__________________________Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, Pa.—N. J________Atlanta, Ga_____________________________________Baltimore, Md 1________________________________Beaumont—Port Arthur, T ex___________________Birmingham, Ala______________________________Boise, Idaho____ _______________________________Boston, Mass 1__________________________________

Buffalo, N. Y 1__________________________________Burlington, V t1_______«.________________________Canton, Ohio___________________________________Charleston, W. Va_____________________________Charlotte, N. C ___ _____________________________Chattanooga, Tenn. —Ga________________________Chicago, 1111___________________________________Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky____________________________Cleveland, Ohio__________________ _____________Columbus , Ohio 1_______________________________

Dallas, Tex____________________________________Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111______Dayton, Ohio___________________________________Denver, Colo__________________________________Des Moines, Iowa____________-__—__-___ -_____Detroit, Mich1__________________________________Fort Worth, Tex_______________________________Green Bay, Wis-------------------------------------------------Greenville, S. C ________________________________Houston, T ex__________________________________

Indianapolis, Ind_______________________________Jackson, M iss__________________________________Jacksonville, F la1______________________________Kansas City, Mo. —Kans________________________Lawrence—Haverhill, M ass.—N. H _____________Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark____________Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif1_______________Louisville, Ky. —Ind 1___________________________Lubbock, Tex__________________________________Manchester, N. H ______________________________Memphis, Tenn________________________________

1345-811345-531345-631345-451345-711345-231345-671345-561345-741385-16

1345-301345-501345-641345-611345-581385-51345-651345-541385-111345-28

1385-151385-121345-351345-321345-421345-471385-191385-41345-681345-82

1345-261345-431345-391345-221345-771385-31345-621345-481345-721385-11345-36

20 cents20 cents20 cents20 cents25 cents25 cents20 cents20 cents20 cents25 cents



25 cents20 cents25 cents25 cents20 cents20 cents30 cents25 cents20 cents20 cents25 cents

Miami, Fla_____________________________________ 1345-33Milwaukee, W is1_______________________________ 1345-59Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn1___________________ 1345-38Muskegon—Muskegon Heights , Mich____________ 1345-69Newark and Jersey City, N. J__________________ 1345-46New Haven, Conn_______________________________ 1345-37New Orleans, L a1______________________________ 1345-44New York, N. Y 1_______________________________ 1345-79Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News—

Hampton, Va 1_________________________________ 1345-75Oklahoma City, Okla___________________________ 1385-2

Omaha, Nebr. —Iowa1___________________________ 1385-14Pater son—Clifton—Passaic, N. J_________________ 1345-76Philadelphia, Pa.-N. J 1________________________ 1345-31Phoenix, A riz_______ 1345-57Pittsburgh, P a1 _______________________________ 1345-40Portland, Maine1______________________________ 1385-22Portland, Or eg. —Wash_________________________ 1345-7 3Providence—Pawtucket, R. I.—M ass1___________ 1345-70Raleigh, N. C 1__________________________________ 1385-7Richmond, Va1_________________________________ 1385-23Rockford, 111___________________________________ 1345-55St. Louis, M o .-I ll_____________________________ 1385-21Salt Lake City, Utah1___________________________ 1345-25San Antonio, Tex1______________________________ 1345-78San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, Calif1_____ 1385-9San Diego, Calif______________________________ - 1385-13San Francisco—Oakland, Calif1_________________ 1345-34Savannah, G a __________________________________ 1345-60Scranton, Pa1__________________________________ 1385-8Seattle, Wash1__________________________________ 1385-10Sioux Falls, S. Dak1___________________________ 1385-20South Bend, Ind________________________________ 1345-52Spokane, Wash1________________________________ 1345-66Toledo, Ohio1___________________________ _______ 1345-51Trenton, N. J 1__________________________________ 1345-29Washington, D .C .—Md.—Va____________________ 1385-17Waterbury, Conn______________________________ 1345-49Waterloo, Iowa_________________________________ 1385-18Wichita, Kans __________________________________ 1385-6Worcester, Mass______________________________ 1345-80York, Pa----------------------------------------------------------- 1345-41

Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented.

bulletins , 20402,

Price

20 cents 25 cents 25 cents 20 cents 25 cents 20 cents 25 cents 40 cents

25 cents 20 cents

25 cents 20 cents 30 cents 20 cents 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents20 cents 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 20 cents 25 cents 20 cents 25 cents 25 cents25 cents 20 cents 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 20 cents 20 cents 20 cents 20 cents 20 cents


bls_1385-23_1964.pdf

Documents

individual labor market

occupational earnings

federal reserve bank

fraser http

wage trends

occupational category

supplementary wage provisions

selected occupational