bls_1775-65_1973.pdf

AREA WAGE SURVEYBirmingham, Alabama, Metropolitan Area, March 1973Bulletin 1775 65

U S. DEPARTMENT OF LABORRnrppm of Labor Statistics

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Preface

This bu lletin p rov ides resu lts o f a M arch 1973 su rvey o f occupational earn ings and supplem entary wage benefits in the B irm ingham , A labam a, Standard M etropo litan S ta tis tica l A r e a (J e ffe rson , Shelby, and W alker C ounties). The su rvey was m ade as part o f the Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s ' annual a rea wage su rvey p rogram . The p rogram is designed to y ie ld data fo r ind ividual m e tro politan a reas , as w e ll as national and reg ion a l es tim ates fo r a ll Standard M etropo litan A re a s in the United States, excluding A laska and H aw aii, (as d e fined by the U.S. O ffice o f M anagem ent and Budget through N ovem ber 1971).

A m a jo r con sideration in the a rea wage su rvey p rogram is the need to d esc r ib e the le v e l and m ovem en t o f wages in a v a r ie ty o f labor m ark ets , through the analys is o f (1) the le v e l and d istribu tion of wages by occupation, and (2) the m ovem ent o f wages by occupational ca tego ry and sk ill le v e l. The p rogram d e ve lops in fo rm ation that m ay be used fo r m any purposes, including wage and sa la ry adm in istra tion , c o lle c t iv e barga in ing, and ass is tan ce in determ in in g plant location . Survey resu lts a lso a re used by the U.S. D epartm ent o f Labor to m ake wage determ inations under the S e rv ice C ontract A c t o f 1965.

C u rren tly , 96 a reas are included in the p rogram . (See l is t o f a reas on inside back co v e r .) In each a rea , occupational earn ings data a re co lle c ted annually. In form ation on estab lishm ent p ra ctices and supplem entary wage benefits , c o lle c ted e v e ry second yea r in the past, is now obtained e v e ry th ird y ea r.

Each yea r a fte r a ll ind ividual a rea wage su rveys have been com pleted , two sum m ary bu lletins a re issued. The f i r s t b rin gs togeth er data fo r each m etropo litan a rea su rveyed . The second sum m ary bu lletin presents national and reg ion a l es tim a tes , p ro jected fro m individual m etropo litan a rea data.

The B irm ingham su rvey was conducted by the B ureau 's reg ion a l o ffic e in A tlanta, Ga., under the g en era l d irec tion o f Donald M . C ru se, A ss is tan t R egiona l D irec to r fo r O perations. The su rvey could not have been accom plished without the cooperation of the m any firm s whose wage and sa la ry data provided the basis fo r the s ta tis tica l in fo rm ation in this bu lletin . The Bureau w ishes to exp ress s in cere apprec ia tion fo r the cooperation rec e iv ed .

Note:A ls o ava ilab le fo r the B irm ingham a rea are lis tin gs o f union wage ra tes

fo r building trades, prin ting trades, lo ca l- tra n s it operating em p loyees , lo ca l tru ck d r ive rs and h e lp e rs , and g ro c e r y store em p loyees . F re e cop ies o f these a re ava ilab le fro m the Bureau 's reg ion a l o ff ic e s . (See back c o ve r fo r add resses .)


AREA WAGE SURVEY Bulletin 1775-65Ju ly 1 9 7 3 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Peter J. Brennan, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, Ben Burdetsky, Deputy Commissioner

Birmingham, Alabam a, Metropolitan Area, March 1973C O N T E N T S

Page

2 Introduction6 Wage trends fo r se lec ted occupational groups

Tab les:

578

912131415 17

18192 0 21 2 2 23 26

1. Establishm ents and w o rk ers within scope o f su rvey and number studied2. Indexes o f earn ings fo r se lec ted occupational groups, and percen ts o f change fo r se lec ted periods3. P ercen ts o f in c rease in a ve ra ge hourly earnings fo r se lected occupational groups, adjusted fo r em ploym ent shifts

A . Occupational earn ings:A - l . O ffice occupations: W eek ly earningsA -2 . P ro fe s s io n a l and techn ica l occupations: W eek ly earningsA -3 , O ffic e , p ro fess ion a l, and techn ica l occupations: A v e ra g e w eek ly earn ings, by sex A -4 . Maintenance and pow erplant occupations: H ou rly earn ings A - 5. Custod ial and m a te r ia l m ovem ent occupations: H ou rly earn ingsA -6 . M aintenance, powerplant, custod ial, and m a te r ia l handling occupations: A v e ra g e hourly ea rn in gs , by sex

B. E stab lishm ent p ractices and supplem entary wage p rov is ion s :B - l . M inim um entrance sa la r ie s fo r women o ffic ew o rk ers B -2. Shift d iffe ren tia lsB -3 . Scheduled w eek ly hours and days B -4 . Annual paid holidays B -4a. Iden tifica tion o f m a jo r paid holidays B -5 . Pa id vacationsB -6 . Health , insurance, and pension plans

29 Appendix. Occupational d escrip tion s

a

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1


In tro d u c tio n

This a rea is 1 o f 96 in which the U.S. D epartm ent o f L a b o r 's Bureau o f Labor S tatistics conducts surveys o f occupational earn ings and re la ted benefits on an areaw ide b a s is .1 In this a rea , data w ere obtained by person a l v is its o f Bureau fie ld econom ists to rep resen ta t iv e estab lishm ents w ith in s ix broad industry d iv is ion s : M anufacturing; transporta tion , com m unication, and other public u tilit ie s ; w h olesa le trade; r e ta il trade; finance, insurance, and rea l estate ; and s e rv ic e s . M a jo r industry groups excluded fro m these studies a re governm ent operations and the construction and ex tra c tiv e industries . E s tab lish m ents having few e r than a p resc r ib ed number o f w o rk ers are om itted because o f in su ffic ien t em ploym ent in the occupations studied. Separate tabulations a re p rov ided fo r each o f the broad industry d iv is ions which m eet publication c r ite r ia .

These su rveys are conducted on a sam ple basis . The sam p ling p rocedu res in vo lve deta iled s tra tifica tion o f a ll estab lishm ents within the scope o f an individual a rea su rvey by industry and number o f em p loyees . F ro m this s tra tified u n iverse a p rob ab ility sam ple is se lec ted , w ith each estab lishm en t having a p redeterm in ed chance o f se lec tion . T o obtain optim um accu racy at m inim um cost, a g rea te r p roportion o f la rg e than sm all estab lishm ents is se lected . When data are com bined, each estab lishm ent is w eighted accord ing to its p roba b il ity o f s e lec tion , so that unbiased estim a tes a re generated . F o r e x am ple, i f one out o f four estab lishm ents is se lected , it is g iven a weight o f four to rep resen t i t s e l f plus th ree o thers. An a lternate o f the sam e o r ig in a l p rob ab ility is chosen in the sam e in d u s try -s ize c la s s i f i cation i f data a re not ava ilab le fo r the o r ig in a l sam ple m em b er. If no suitable substitute is ava ilab le , additional weight is assigned to a sam ple m em b er that is s im ila r to the m iss in g unit.

Occupations and Earn ings

The occupations se lec ted fo r study a re com m on to a v a r ie ty o f m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in du stries , and are o f the fo llow in g types : (1) O ffic e c le r ic a l; (2 ) p ro fess ion a l and techn ica l;(3) m aintenance and pow erplant; and (4) custod ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m ent. Occupational c la ss ific a t io n is based on a un iform set o f job d escrip tion s designed to take account o f in terestab lishm en t va r ia tion in duties w ith in the sam e job . The occupations se lec ted fo r study are lis ted and d escr ib ed in the appendix. Unless o th erw ise ind icated , the earn ings data fo llo w in g the job t it le s a re fo r a ll industries com bined. E arn ings data fo r som e o f the occupations lis ted and d escrib ed , o r fo r som e industry d iv is ion s w ith in occupations, are not p resen ted in

1 Included in the 96 areas are 10 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are Austin, T ex.; Binghamton, N .Y . (New York portion only); Durham, N. C. ; Fort Lauderdale— Hollywood and West Palm Beach, F la .; Huntsville, A la .; Lexington, K y.; Poughkeepsie—Kingston— Newburgh, N. Y . ; Rochester, N .Y. (office occupations only); Syracuse, N.Y. ; and Utica—Rome, N.Y. In addition, the Bureau conducts more limited area studies in approximately 70 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of the U. S. Department of Labor.

the A - s e r ie s tab les , because e ith er (1 ) em ploym ent in the occupation is too sm a ll to p rov ide enough data to m e r it p resen ta tion , o r (2) th ere is p os s ib ility o f d isc lo su re o f ind ividual estab lishm en t data. Earn ings data not shown sepa ra te ly fo r industry d iv is ions are included in a ll industries com bined data, w here shown. L ik ew ise , data a re included in the o v e ra ll c la ss ific a t io n when a su bc lass ifica tion o f e le c tro n ic s techn icians, s e c re ta r ie s , o r tru ck d r iv e rs is not shown o r in fo rm ation to su bc lass ify is not a va ilab le .

O ccupational em ploym ent and earn ings data are shown fo r fu ll- t im e w o rk ers , i .e ., those h ired to w ork a regu la r w eek ly schedule. Earn ings data exclude prem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on weekends, ho lidays , and late sh ifts . Nonproduction bonuses a re e x cluded, but c o s t-o f- l iv in g allow ances and incen tive earn ings are in c luded.2 W here w eek ly hours a re reported , as fo r o f f ic e c le r ic a l occu pations, re fe ren ce is to the standard w orkw eek (rounded to the n eares t h a lf hour) fo r which em p loyees re c e iv e th e ir regu la r s tra igh t-tim e sa la r ie s (exc lu s ive o f pay fo r o v e r tim e at regu la r and/or prem ium ra tes ). A v e ra g e w eek ly earn ings fo r these occupations a re rounded to the n eares t ha lf d o lla r .

These su rveys m easu re the le v e l o f occupational earnings in an area at a p a rticu la r tim e. C om parisons o f ind ividual occupational ave ra ges o ve r tim e m ay not r e f le c t expected wage changes. The a v e r ages fo r ind ividual jobs are a ffected by changes in w ages and em p lo y m ent patterns. F o r exam ple, p roportion s o f w o rk ers em ployed by h igh - o r low -w age firm s m ay change o r h igh -w age w o rk ers m ay advance to b etter jobs and be rep laced by new w o rk e rs at low er ra tes . Such shifts in em ploym ent could d ecrea se an occupational a vera ge even though m ost estab lishm ents in an a rea in c rea se wages during the y ea r . T ren ds in earn ings o f occupational groups, shown in table 2, a re b e tte r ind ica to rs o f wage trends than individual jobs within the groups.

A v e ra g e earn ings r e f le c t com p os ite , a reaw ide es tim a tes . Indu stries and estab lishm en ts d if fe r in pay le v e l and job sta ffing , and thus contribute d iffe ren tly to the estim a tes fo r each job . Pay a v e r ages m ay fa il to r e f le c t accu ra te ly the wage d iffe ren tia l among jobs in ind ividual estab lishm en ts.

A v e ra g e pay le v e ls fo r m en and wom en in se lec ted occupations should not be assum ed to r e f le c t d iffe ren ces in pay o f the sexes w ith in ind ividual estab lishm en ts. F ac to rs which m ay contribute to d iffe ren ces include p ro g ress io n w ith in estab lished ra te ranges, since on ly the ra tes paid incumbents a re co lle c ted , and p erfo rm an ce o f sp ec if ic duties w ith in the g en era l su rvey job d escr ip tion s . Job d e s c r ip tions used to c la s s ify em p loyees in these su rveys usually are m ore g en e ra liz ed than those used in ind ividual estab lishm en ts and a llo w fo r m in or d iffe ren ces among estab lishm en ts in sp ec ific duties p e rfo rm ed .

2 Special payments provided for work in designated parts of the area by companies not considering such payments a part of the regular salary or hourly rate were not included because of reporting problems. Such instances are few and do not have a large impact on the published data.

2


Occupational employm ent estimates rep resen t the total in all estab lishm ents within the scope of the study and not the number actua l ly surveyed. Because occupational structures among establishments d i f fe r , es t im ates o f occupational employment obtained from the sample o f establishments studied s e rve only to indicate the r e la t ive im p o r tance of the jobs studied. These d i f fe rences in occupational structure do not a ffect m a te r ia l ly the accuracy o f the earnings data.

Establishment P ra c t ic e s and Supplementary Wage P rov is ion s

In formation is presented (in the B - s e r ie s tab les ) on se lected estab lishm ent p rac t ices and supplementary wage prov is ions fo r plant- w o rk e rs and o f f ic ew o rk e rs . Data for industry d iv is ions not presented separa te ly are included in the est im ates for "a l l industr ies ." A d m in is tra t iv e , executive , and pro fess iona l em p loyees , and construction w o rk e rs who a re u ti l ized as a separate work fo rc e are excluded. "P lan tw ork e rs " include working fo rem en and al l nonsuperv isory w o rk e rs (including leadmen and tra inees ) engaged in nonoffice functions. "O f f i c e w o rk e r s " include working superv isors and nonsuperv is o r y w o rkers p e r fo rm in g c le r ic a l or re la ted functions. C a fe te r ia w o rk e rs and routemen are excluded in manufacturing industries, but included in nonmanufacturing industries.

M in im um entrance sa la r ies for women o f f ic ew ork ers re la te only to the establishments v is ited . (See table B - l . ) Because of the optimum sampling techniques used and the probab il ity that la rge establ ishments are m o re l ik e ly than sm all establishments to have fo rm a l entrance rates above the subc ler ica l le v e l , the table is m ore r e p r e sentative o f po l ic ies in m edium and la rge establishments.

Shift d i f fe ren t ia l data are l im ited to p lantworkers in manufacturing industr ies . (See table B -2 . ) This in form ation is presented in te rm s of (1) establishment p o l i c y 3 |for total p lantworker em p lo y ment, and (2) e f fe c t iv e p ract ice fo r w o rke rs actually em ployed on the spec if ied shift at the t im e of the survey . In establishments having va r ied d i f fe ren t ia ls , the amount applying to a m a jo r i t y is used; i f no amount applies to a m a jor ity , the c lass i f ica t ion "o th e r " is used. In e s tablishments having some la te -sh i f t hours paid at- norm al ra tes , a d i f fe ren ce is reco rded only i f it applies to a m a jo r i t y o f the shift hours.

The scheduled w eek ly hours and days o f a m a jo r i ty o f the f i r s t - s h i f t w o rke rs in an establishment a re tabulated as applying to a l l o f the p lantworkers or o f f ic ew ork ers of that establishment. (See table B -3 . ) Scheduled w eek ly hours and days are those which a m a jo r i t y o f fu l l - t im e em ployees are expected to work , whether they are paid s tra igh t- t im e o r o ve r t im e ra tes .

3 An establishment is considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering late shifts. An establishment was considered as having formal provisions if it (1) had operated late shifts during the 12 months before the survey, or (2) had provisions in written form for operating late shifts.

3

Pa id holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated s ta t is t ica l ly on the basis that these are applicable to a l l p lantworkers or o f f ic ew ork e rs i f a m a jo r i ty of such w o rk e rs are e l ig ib le or m ay eventually qualify fo r the p ract ices listed. (See tables B -4 through B -6 . ) Sums o f individual item s in tables B-2 through B-6 m ay not equal totals because o f rounding.

Data on paid holidays are l im ited to holidays granted annua lly on a fo rm a l basis; i .e . , (1) are prov ided for in w r itten fo rm , or (2) are established by custom. (See table B -4 . ) Holidays ord inar i ly granted are included even though they m ay fa l l on a nonworkday and the w o rker is not granted another day off. The f i r s t part o f the paid holidays table p resents the number o f whole and half holidays actually granted. The second part combines whole and half holidays to show total holiday t im e . Tab le B -4a reports the incidence o f the m ost common paid holidays.

The sum m ary o f vacation plans is a s tatistica l m easure of vacation p rov is ions rather than a m easure of the proport ion o f w orkers actually rece iv in g spec if ic benefits. (See table B -5 . ) P ro v is io n s apply to a l l p lantworkers or o f f ic ew ork ers in an establishment rega rd less o f length of s e rv ic e . Paym ents on other than a t im e basis are conve r ted to a t im e period; fo r example, 2 percent o f annual earnings are considered equivalent to 1 w eeks ' pay. Only basic plans are included. Estim ates exclude vacation bonuses, vacation-sav ings plans, and "extended" or "sabba t ica l" benefits beyond basic plans. Such p rov is ions are typ ica l in the steel, aluminum, and can industries.

Health, insurance, and pension plans fo r which the em ployer pays at least a part o f the cost include those (1) underwritten by a c o m m erc ia l insurance company o r nonprofit organization, (2) prov ided through a union fund, or (3) paid d ire c t ly by the em p loyer out of current operating funds o r f r o m a fund set aside for this purpose. (See table B -6 . ) An estab lishment is considered to have such a plan i f the m a jo r i t y o f em p loyees are cove red under the plan even i f less than a m a jo r i t y e lec t to part ic ipate because em ployees are requ ired to contribute toward the cost of the plan. Excluded are lega l ly requ ired plans, such as w orkm en 's compensation, soc ia l security , and ra i lroad re t irem en t .

Sickness and accident insurance is l im ited to that type of in surance under which p redeterm ined cash payments are made d irec t ly to the insured during tem po ra ry i l lness or accident d isab il i ty . In fo r m ation is presented fo r all such plans to which the em p loyer contr ibutes. H ow ever , in N ew York and N ew Je rsey , which have enacted tem po ra ry d isab i l i ty insurance laws requ ir ing em p loyer contributions j4 plans are included only i f the em p loye r (1) contributes m o re than is le ga l ly requ ired , o r (2) p rov ides the em p loyee with benefits which ex ceed the requ irem ents o f the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans

4 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions.


4

are l im ited to fo rm a l plans 5 which prov ide full pay or a proport ion o f the w o rk e r 's pay during absence f ro m work because o f i l lness . Separate tabulations are p resented accord ing to (1) plans which prov ide full pay and no waiting per iod , and (2) plans which prov ide e ither partia l pay or a waiting per iod . In addition to the presentation o f proportions of w o rkers prov ided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave , an unduplicated total is shown of w orkers who r e c e iv e e ither or both types of benefits .

L o n g - te rm d isab i l i ty insurance plans prov ide payments to to ta l ly d isabled em ployees upon the exp iration o f their paid sick leave and/or s ickness and accident insurance, or a fter a p redeterm ined period of d isab il i ty ( typ ica l ly 6 months). Payments are made until

5 An establishment is considered as having a formal plan if it established at least the minimum number of days of sick leave available to each employee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, are excluded.

tb o end of the d isab il i ty , a m axim um age, or e l ig ib i l i t y fo r r e t i r e ment benefits. Full or pa r t ia l payments are a lm ost always reduced by soc ia l security , w orkm en 's compensation, and priva te pension benefits payable to the disabled em ployee .

M a jo r m ed ica l insurance plans protect em ployees f ro m s ick ness and injury expenses beyond the cove ra ge of basic hospitalization, m ed ica l , and surg ica l plans. T yp ica l features of m a jo r m ed ica l plans are (1) a "deduct ib le " (e .g . , $50) paid by the insured be fo re benefits begin; (2) a coinsurance feature requ ir ing the insured to pay a portion (e .g . , 20 percent) o f certa in expensed; and (3) stated dollar maxim um benefits (e .g . , $ 10,000 a y ea r ) . M ed ica l insurance prov ides complete or part ia l payment o f d oc to rs ' f e es . Dental insurance usually cove rs f i l l ings, extractions, and X - ra y s . Excluded are plans which c ove r only o ra l su rge ry or accident damage. R e t irem en t pension plans provide payments fo r the rem a in der o f the w o rk e r 's l i fe .


T a b le 1. E stab lishm ents and w o rke rs w ithin scope of survey and num ber studied in B irm in gh am , A la .,1 by m ajo r industry d iv is io n ,2 M arch 1 9 73

Industry division

Minimum employment in estab lish

ments in scope of study

Number of establishments Workers in establishments

Within scope of study3 Studied

Within scope of studyStudied

T otal4Plant Office

Number Percent Total4

All divisions_____________________________ - 583 168 119,923 100 78, 709 20, 159 74, 695

Manufacturing________________________________ 50 210 52 57,228 48 45,747 4, 379 35, 037Nonmanufacturing____________________________ - 37 3 116 62, 695 52 32,962 15, 780 39,658

Transportation, communication, andother public utilities 5 ___________________ 50 48 17 16, 595 14 8, 036 3, 469 13,059

Wholesale trad e__________________________ 50 79 24 8, 606 7 5, 408 1, 640 3,654Retail trade__________________________ ___ 50 139 36 19,881 17 15,334 2, 073 11,427Finance, insurance, and real estate 6 ------- 50 51 18 9, 728 7 7 240 6, 904 6, 614Services 8 ------------------------------------------- 50 56 21 7, 885 7 (9) (9) 4, 904

1 The Birmingham Standard Metropolitan Statistical A rea, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget through November 1971, consists of Jefferson , Shelby, and Walker Counties. The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estim atesare not intended, however, to serve as a b asis of comparison with other employment indexes for the area to m easure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requiresthe use of establishm ent data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) sm all establishm ents are excluded from the scope of the survey.

1 The 1967 edition of the Standard Industrial C lassification Manual was used in classify ing establishm ents by industry division.3 Includes a ll establishm ents with total employment at or above the minimum limitation. All outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service ,

and motion picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment.4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate plant and office categories.5 Abbreviated to "public u tilities" in the A- and B -se r ie s tables. Taxicabs and serv ices incidental to water transportation were excluded. A number of electric utilities supplying le ss

than half the electric consumption were publicly owned and excluded by definition from the scope of the study.6 Abbreviated to "finance" in the A- and B - se r ie s tables.7 E stim ate relates to rea l estate establishm ents only. Workers from the entire industry division are represented in the Series A tables, but from the real estate portion only in "a ll

industry" estim ates in the S erie s B tables.8 Hotels and m otels; laundries and other personal serv ices; business serv ices; automobile repa ir , rental, and parking; motion pictures; nonprofit m embership organizations (excluding

religious and charitable organizations); and engineering and architectural serv ices.9 This industry division is represented in estim ates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tab les, and for "a ll in dustries" in the Series B tab les. Separate presentation

of data for this division is not made for one or more of the following reasons; (1) Employment in the division is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially to permit separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to perm it separate presentation, and (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data.

Labor-management agreement coverage

Industrial composition in manufacturing

Alm ost one-half of the workers within scope of the survey in the Birmingham area were employed in manufacturing firm s. The following presents the m ajor industry groups and specific industries a s a percent of all manufacturing:

Industry groups

43

Specific industries

... 24Primary metal Blast furnace and basic

Fabricated metal Iron and steel foundries-----.... 18products___________________.... 12 Fabricated structural

Food and kindred metal products_____________.... 7products-------------------.... 10

Electrical equipmentand supplies-------------- .... 7

This information is based on estimates of total employment derived from universe materials compiled prior to actual survey. Proportions in various industry divisions m a y differ from proportions based on the results of the survey as shown in table 1 above.

The following tabulation shows the percent of plantworkers and officeworkers em ployed in establishm ents in which a contract or contracts covered a m ajority of the workers in the respective categories, Birmingham, A la., March 1973:

Plantworkers Office workers

A ll in du stries________________ 61 10Manufacturing---------------------- 80 2Public utilities--------------------- 87 55Wholesale trad e______________ 43 4Retail trade___________________ 11Finance------------------------------

An establishm ent is considered to have a contract covering a ll plantworkers or officew orkers if a m ajority of such workers are covered by a labor-management agreement. Therefore, a ll other plantworkers or officew orkers are employed in establishm ents that either do not have labor-management contracts in effect, or have contracts that apply to fewer than half of their plantworkers or officew orkers. E stim ates are not n ecessarily representative of the extent to which all workers in the area may be covered by the provisions of labor-management agreem ents, because sm all establishm ents are excluded and the industrial scope of the survey is limited.


W a g e Trends for S e lected O ccupational G roups

P re s en ted in table 2 a re indexes and percents of change in ave rage w eek ly sa la r ies of o f f ic e c l e r i c a l w o rke rs and industrial nurses, and in ave rage hourly earnings of se lected p lantworker groups. The indexes are a m easu re of wages at a g iven tim e, exp ressed as a percent of wages during the base per iod . Subtracting 100 f ro m the index y ie lds the percent change in wages f ro m the base per iod to the date of the index. The percents of change or increase rela te to wage changes between the indicated dates. Annual rates of in c rease , where shown, r e f le c t the amount of in c rease fo r 12 months when the t im e per iod between surveys was other than 12 months. These computations are based on the assumption that wages increased at a constant rate between surveys. These est im ates are m easures of change in averages fo r the area; they are not intended to m easu re average pay changes in the establishments in the area.

Method of Computing

The index is a m easu re of wages at a g iven t im e and is e x p ressed as a percent of wages in the base year. The base y ea r is assigned the value o f 100 percent. The index is computed by m u lt i plying the base yea r re la t iv e (100 percent) by the re la t iv e (the percen t change plus 100 percent) fo r the next succeeding yea r and then continuing to m ultip ly (compound) each y ea r 's re la t iv e by the p rev ious y ea r 's index.

F o r o f f ic e c l e r i c a l w o rk e rs and industr ia l nurses, the wage trends re la te to regu lar w eek ly sa la r ie s fo r the norm al workweek, exc lus ive of earnings fo r o ve r t im e . F o r p lantworker groups, they m easure changes in a ve ra ge s tra igh t- t im e hourly earnings, excluding prem ium pay fo r o v e r t im e and fo r work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The percen ts are based on data fo r se lec ted key occupations and include m ost o f the n u m er ica l ly important jobs within each group.

Each of the fo l low ing key occupations within an occupational group is assigned a constant we ight based on its proportionate e m ployment in the occupational group:

Office clerical (men and women):

Bookke eping- machine operators, class B

Clerks, accounting, classes A and B

Clerks, file, classes A, B, and C

Clerks, order Clerks, payroll Keypunch operators, classes

A and BMessengers (office boys or

girls)

Office clerical (men and w o m e n ) — Continued

SecretariesStenographers, general Stenographers, senior Switchboard operators, classes

A and BTabulating-machine operators,

class BTypists, classes A and B

Industrial nurses (men and women):

Nurses, industrial (registered)

Skilled maintenance (men): Carpenters Electricians Machinists MechanicsMechanics (automotive)PaintersPipefittersTool and die makers

Unskilled plant (men):Janitors, porters, and

cleanersLaborers, material handling

NOTE: Comptometer operators, used in the computation of previous trends, are no longersurveyed by the Bureau.

The a ve ra ge (mean) earnings fo r each occupation are m u lt ip l ied by the occupational weight, and the products fo r a l l occupations in the group are totaled. The aggrega tes fo r 2 consecutive y ea rs are re la ted by subtracting the aggrega te fo r the e a r l i e r year f ro m the aggrega te fo r the la te r yea r and dividing the rem ainder by the a g g r e gate fo r the e a r l i e r yea r . The resu lt t im es 100 shows the percent o f change.

L im ita t ions of Data

The indexes and percents of change, as m easu res of change in a rea a ve ra ges , are influenced by: (1) G enera l sa la ry and wagechanges, (2) m er i t or other in c reases in pay r e c e iv ed by individual w o rk e rs wh ile in the same job, and (3) changes in a ve ra ge wages due to changes in the labor fo rc e result ing f ro m labor turnover, fo r c e expansions, fo r c e reductions, and changes in the p roport ions of w o rk ers employed by establishments with d i f fe ren t pay le v e ls . Changes in the labor fo rc e can cause inc reases or dec reases in the occupational ave rages without actual wage changes. It is conce ivab le that even though all establishments in an area gave wage inc reases , a ve ra ge wages m ay have declined because low er -pay ing establishments entered the a rea or expanded their w o rk fo rc es . S im i la r ly , wages m ay have rem ained r e la t iv e ly constant, yet averages fo r an a rea m ay have r isen considerab ly because h igher-pay ing establishments entered the area.

The use of constant employm ent weights e l im inates the e f fec t o f changes in the p roport ion of w o rk e rs rep resen ted in each job in cluded in the data. The percents o f change r e f le c t only changes in average pay fo r s tra igh t- t im e hours. They are not influenced by changes in standard w o rk schedules, as such, or by p rem ium pay fo r ove r t im e . W h ere necessa ry , data a re adjusted to rem ove f rom the indexes and percents of change any s ign if icant e f fe c t caused by changes in the scope o f the survey.

6


7

T a b le 2 . Indexes of earn ings fo r se lected occupational groups in B irm in gh am , A la ., M a rch 1 9 7 2 and M a rch 1 9 7 3 , and p ercents of change* fo r se le c te d periods

All industries Manufacturing

Weekly earnings Hourly earnings Weekly earnings Hourly earningsPeriod Office Industrial Skilled Unskilled Office Industrial Skilled Unskilled

clerical nurses maintenance plant- clerical nurses maintenance plant-(men and (men and trades workers (men and (men and trades workerswomen) women) (men) (men) women) women) (men) (men)

Indexes (April 1967 = 100)

March 1972__________________________________ 129.1 144.1 132.4 132.1 129.9 145.3 131.9 134.6March 1973__________________________________ 136.3 158.9 139.2 140.2 138.3 160.8 139.0 142.3

Percents of change 1

April 1960 to April 1961_____________________ 2.6 1.6 3.2 1.5 2.7 1.5 3.0 .2April 1961 to April 1962_____________________ 3.4 3.1 5.1 3.8 2.3 4.0 5.6 2.7April 1962 to April 1963_____________________ 2.7 .5 .7 1.3 1.9 -.5 .4 2.1April 1963 to April 1964_____________________ 1.5 .5 2.6 1.2 - .3 - .5 2.3 1.4April 1964 to April 1965_____________________ 2.0 2.0 -.2 2.7 .5 1.5 - .5 3.5April 1965 to April 1966_____________________ 4.4 3.9 4.3 4.4 4.9 3.5 4.1 1.5April 1966 to April 1967_____________________ 3.8 1.9 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.6 3.1April 1967 to April 1968_____________________ 4.6 9.3 5.6 7.1 4.5 10.4 5.6 5.2April 1968 to April 1969_____________________April 1969 to March 1970:

4.0 7.2 4.0 3.4 3.4 7.7 3.9 3.8

5.0 5.6 4.5 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.95.5 6.1 4.9 5.9 6.1 5.2 5.0 5.4

March 1970 to March 1971 6.2 8.6 6.1 6.4 7.3 9.5 5.6 6.1March 1971 to March 1972____________________ 6.4 7.3 8.7 6.3 6.1 6.6 8.9 10.7March 1972 to March 1973 __________________ 5.6 10.3 5.1 6.1 6.5 10.7 5.4 5.7

All changes are in creases unless otherwise indicated.


8

T a b le 3 . P e rc e n ts o f in c re ase in averag e hourly ea rn in g s fo r se le c te d o ccu p atio n a l g ro u p s , ad ju s ted

fo r e m p lo y m e n t sh ifts , in B irm in g h a m , A la., M a rc h 1 9 7 2 to M a rc h 1 9 7 3

Occupational group Allindustries

Manufacturing

Nonmanufacturing

6.3 5.6 6.67.8 8.5 (* )5.1 5.0 (* )7.0 6.8 6.8

1 Data do not meet publication criter ia .

NOTE: Table 3 provides percents of change in average hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, adjusted to exclude the effect of employment sh ifts. The new method for computing wage trends is based on changes in average hourly earnings for establishm ents reporting the index jobs in both the current and previous year (matched establishm ents), holding establishm ent employment in the jobs constant.

The new wage trends are not linked to the current indexes because the new wage trends m easure changes in matched establishm ent averages w hereas the current indexes m easure changes in a rea averages. Other ch arac te ristic s of the new wage trends which differ from the current ones include (1) earnings data of office c le r ica l w orkers and in dustria l nurses are converted to an hourly b a s is , and (2) trend estim ates a re provided for nonmanufacturing e stabli shment s .

F o r a m ore detailed description of the new method used to compute a rea wage survey indexes, see "Improving A rea Wage Survey In d e xe s," Monthly Labor Review, January 1973, pp. 52-57.


9

A. Occupational earningsT a b le A-1. O f f ic e occupations: W e e k ly earn ings

(A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings of workers in selected occupations by industry d ivision. B irm ingham, A la ., M arch 1973)

Occupation and industry division

MEN AND WOMEN COMBINED

BILLERS. MACHINE (BILLINGMACHINE) --------------------------

NONMANUFACTURING ----------------

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS.CLASS A ---------------------------

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE o p e r a t o r s,CLASS B ---------------------------

NONMANUFACTURING ----------------

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A -------MANUFACTURING -------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES -------------WHOLESALE TRADE --------------RETAIL TRADE ------------------FINANCE -----------------------

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B -------MANUFACTURING -------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES -------------WHOLESALE TRADE --------------RETAIL TRADE ------------------FINANCE -----------------------

CLERKS, FILE, CLASS A -------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------

CLERKS, FILE, CLASS B -------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------

FINANCE -----------------------

CLERKS, FILE, CLASS C -------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------

FINANCE -----------------------

CLERKS, ORDER ----------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------

WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------

CLERKS, PAYROLL --------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------NONMANUFACTURING-------- — -----

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A -------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------

Weekly earnings 1 (standard)

Numberof weekly

(standard Median ̂ Middle ranged

t60

andunder

65

t65

70

i70

75

t75

80

AO AO.O$118.50

$107.00

$ $ 100.00-132.50

3A AO.O 120.50 107.00 100.50-1A1.00 * “

26 39.5 127.50 118.00 111.50-156.00 - - - -

75 39.5 96.00 92.50 80.50-112.50 _ 8 1060 39.5 9A.00 90.50 78.50- 99.00 8 10

380 39.5 152.00 1A8.00 126.50— 17A.00 _ . - .

11A AO.O 166.00 15A.50 1A0.00-206.50266 39.5 1A6.00 1A5.00 123.50-162.50 - - - -

91 39.5 172.00 167.00 156.00-198.00A8 AO.O 127.00 120.50 116.50-1AA.00 - - - -

51 38.5 126.50 12A.50 121.50-133.0065 39.0 1A0.50 135.00 131.00-15A.00

781 39.0 111.00 108.50 95.00-128.50 10 18 19 22135 39.5 109.00 106.50 95.00-116.50 3 1 - 86A6 39.0 111.50 109.50 95*00-129.50 7 17 19 1A217 39.0 130.50 132.50 117.00-1A7.50 - - -120 AO.O 105.50 106.50 93.50-116.00 - -9A 39.5 95.50 96.50 90.00-104.00 3 1 7 5

151 37.0 97.00 99.00 81.00-111.50 A 16 12 A

61 39.0 113.00 109.00 96.50-119.00 - . . _5A 39.0 113.50 109.00 96.00-119.00 - - - -25 38.0 98.00 95.50 91.50-102.50 “ - “

190 39.0 88.00 8A.OO 77.00- 93.00 - - 36 26170 39.0 86.00 83.00 76.50- 89.50 - - 36 2697 39.0 81.00 81.50 7A.50- 86.00 “ 26 1A

255 38.0 7A.00 72.50 6A.50- 80.00 69 38 AO A52A1 38.0 73.00 72.00 6 A . 50— 79.00 69 38 AO A5177 37.5 71.50 69.50 63.50- 77.00 6C 32 30 29

17A AO.O 13A.50 138.00 121.50-1A8•50 1 . - -156 AO.O 135.00 139.00 122.50-1A8.00 1 - - -150 AO.O 137.00 139.50 I23.50-1A8.50 * *

191 39.5 123.00 117.00 10A.50-13A.50 1 - _ .125 AO.O 125.00 117.00 105.50-1A0.50 - - -66 39.5 118.50 117.00 103.00-133.50 1 *

183 39.5 117.50 111.00 100.50-139.00 . 1 1 1125 39.5 106.00 10A.50 96.50-112.50 - 1 1 170 39.0 103.50 99.50 92.00-117.00 1 1

Number of workers receiving straight-time w e ek ly earnings of—t t t $ * t t $ $ t $ * i t $ $

80 85 90 95 100 110 120 130 1A0 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

and

85 90 95 100 110 120 130 1A0 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 over

A 1 1 A 17 3 2 2 1 1 4A “ * 4 16 “ “ 2 2 1 ” 1 • 4 "

- 1 - 2 2 10 2 1 - 2 5 - 1 - - - -

13 1 11 7 5 10 5 5 _10 1 11 7 2 1 5 “ 5 “ “

- - _ A 15 38 50 53 36 65 15 17 1A 1A 53 3 33 9 10 7 21 1A - - 7 1 39 3 -

- - - A 12 29 AO A6 15 51 15 17 7 13 1A - 31 1 7 6 28 7 6 5 13 1A - 3

- - 4 2 18 9 3 3 2 4 3 - - - - -5 3 2 A 12 6 - 1 - - - - -

7 6 2A 5 15 3 4 1 * - -

17 38 73 62 158 92 9A 6 4 58 51 2 2 1 _ _ _- 9 13 13 A2 15 9 5 6 7 2 2 - - - - -17 29 60 A9 116 77 8 5 59 52 44 - - 1 - - - -- 1 2 9 21 29 37 37 44 36 - - 1 - - - -- 11 29 5 36 17 16 5 - 1 - - - - - - -2 5 20 13 21 11 1 4 1

10 i i 5 17 32 19 13 8

2 3 8 8 12 17 2 2 2 2 1 1 - - _ _ 12 2 8 8 9 15 1 2 2 2 1 1 - - - - 12 2 8 7 1 5

AO 30 20 8 15 8 2 4 1AO 29 13 5 10 7 1 2 129 25 3

2A 21 6 5 6 i23 15 5 3 316 8 i 1

. 3 4 2 19 9 22 35 A1 22 7 1 8 - _ _ -- 3 A 2 16 6 16 35 A1 18 7 - 7 - - - -* “ 3 1 16 6 16 35 A1 18 7 7 - * *

. 9 7 10 AA 39 1A 27 1A 11 3 1 5 5 13 5 9 29 26 11 11 10 10 - 1 5 - A - 16 2 1 15 13 3 16 4 1 3 - - - 1 - -

1 10 13 17 A6 25 10 1A 4 38 1 _ 11 10 13 17 AA 16 7 13 - - - - 1 - - - -1 10 13 11 15 3 6 9

See footnotes at end o f tables.


10

T a b le A-1. O f f ic e occupations: W e e k ly earnings— Continued

(A verage s tra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings hi W&FkeFS ih selected occupations by industry d ivision, B irm ingham, A la ., M arch 1973)


MEN AND WOMEN COMBINED— CONTINUED

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B --------MANUFACTURING ---------------- --N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------ ~ i » »

PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ------ — ------WHOLESALE TRADE -----------RETAIL TRADE » » “ ------------------FINANCE -*— ------------------------

MESSENGERS (OFFICE BOYS ANO GIRLSI-NONMANUFACTURING -------------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES ----------------FINANCE ----------------------------

SECRETARIES ------------ --- -------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES ----------------WHOLESALE TRADE --------------—

SECRETARIES, CLASS A ---------------■ ^ M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------

SECRETARIES, CLASS B ---------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------- --NONMANUFACTURING ------- — --------

PUBLIC UTILITIES ----------------FINANCE ----------------------------

SECRETARIES, CLASS C ---------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------

FINANCE ----------------------------

SECRETARIES, CLASS D ---------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------- -------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------

FINANCE ----------------------------

STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ---------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES ----------------WHOLESALE TRADE ------------------FINANCE ----------------------------

STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR ----------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------

WHOLESALE TRADE ------------------FINANCE ----------------------------

SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS A -----

Weekly earnings 1 (standard) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y e a r n in g s o f—

ofAverageweekly

(standard) Mean* Median ̂ Middle ranged

t t60

an du n d e r

65

65

70

$70

75

S75

80

t80

85

t85

90

t90

95

$95

100

»100

110

S110

120

$120

130

t130

140

S140

150

$150

160

%160

170

$170

180

$ $180_ V

190

190

200

S200

210

»210

220

$220

an d

o v e r

425 39.0$99.50

$93.50

$ $ 85.50-111.00 9 13 9 71 83 38 36 54 41 32 10 22 3 4

51 40.0 102.50 102.50 88.50-120.00 - 3 2 - 2 9 3 2 13 5 7 1 4 * “ “ “ *374 39.0 99.00 92.50 85.00-110.50 - 6 11 9 69 74 35 34 41 36 25 9 18 3 4 * ~ ~ “ *

89 38.5 121.00 126.00 100.50-146.00 - - - 2 1 16 - 3 6 13 14 9 18 3 4 “ ~ ~ “ “49 40.0 102.00 99.50 94.00-111.50 - - - - 2 5 7 12 9 8 630 39.0 87.50 87.00 82.50- 92.00 - 2 - 1 9 9 5 1 3

200 39.0 90.00 87.50 82.50- 97.00 - 4 11 6 56 44 22 18 23 11 5 “ “ ~ ~133 39.0 93.50 89.50 80.50-102.00 6 8 7 11 13 25 19 7 17 7 6 2 3 - 1 - - - 1 - -121 39.0 91.50 89.00 80.50- 99.50 6 8 4 11 13 25 19 6 16 7 2 2 “ 1 “36 39.0 163.00 94.00 88.50-109.50 - - - 2 i 9 8 3 5 3 2 1 “ “ 1 “ _ 140 38.5 80.50 79.50 69.00- 88.50 4 8 3 6 4 8 3 4

895 39.5 137.00 134*50 112.50-158.50 _ 10 8 5 39 26 118 98 105 96 79 107 72 44 31 26 9 14 8182 39.5 149*50 152.50 134.00-166.00 - - - - - - 3 8 4 10 15 19 31 29 28 14 9 9 3713 39l0 134.00 128.00 108.50-155.50 - - 10 _ 8 5 36 18 114 88 90 77 48 78 44 30 22 17 6 14e « 39.0 156.50 157.00 131.50-176.00 - - - - - 3 1 16 14 23 10 20 51 30 18 14 i i 5 13 6

60 40.0 122.50 119.50 104.50-134.00 - - 2 - - - 2 5 9 13 14 1 6 - 4 4 “ “ " •314 39.0 120.50 117.50 103.00-135.50 - - 8 - 6 2 28 10 71 46 39 53 13 17 9 5 3 3 1

68 39.5 160.50 159.00 135.00-182.bo S _ 2 5 - 9 6 10 3 5 11 4 6 i i 5

48 39.0 161.06 159.00 126.00-191.00 - - - - - - 2 5 - 6 6 4 2 1 8 2 5 i i 5

39.5 151.50 152.00 135.50-170.00 4 4 _ 6 _ 14 5 14 30 30 35 29 12 15 14 6 8 149 40.0 151.00 149.50 138.50-162.50 - - - - - - - 4 - - 11 i i 10 8 “ 1 3 1 ” “

178 39.0 151.50 153.00 131.50-177.50 - - 4 - 4 - 6 10 5 14 19 19 25 21 12 14 i i 5 8 177 39.0 168.00 173.50 147.50-192.50 - - - - - - 2 - 6 - 3 3 6 5 12 9 9 9 5 7 172 39.0 136.00 142.50 123.00-154.00 - “ 4 4 - 4 3 1 6 13 8 17 7 3 2 ~ ■

390 39.0 132.00 128.50 110.00-153.50 _ 6 . - 1 17 15 60 49 54 48 29 54 22 14 10 2 2 5 255 39.0 142.00 142.50 123.00-159.00 - - - - - - - 8 3 8 7 8 10 “ 4 4 1 2 “

335 39.0 130.50 125.50 109.00-152.00 - - 6 - - 1 17 7 60 46 46 41 21 44 22 10 6 1 5 2153 39.0 114.50 113.50 103.00-128.50 - - 4 - - 1 15 5 41 28 24 30 4 “ 1 " _

l § 5 39.5 121.50 117.00 103.50-134.00 _ - - 4 4 16 9 39 43 26 11 10 14 9 4 2 4 - - -

48 39.5 149.00 157.00 127.00-164.50 - - - - - - 3 - 7 4 1 6 8 9 4 2

147 39.5 112.50 112.00 101.50-122.50 - - - - 4 4 13 9 39 36 22 10 4 6 “ ” "74 39.0 108.50 106.50 100.50-118.00 - “ - 2 i 9 5 27 17 8 5

763 39.0 114.50 110.00 100.00-127.50 1 1 8 14 29 52 84 192 109 121 59 56 18 10 i 2 2 i - 3121 40.0 120.50 117.50 105.00-135.00 - 1 1 - - 2 1 11 29 20 17 15 12 9 2 ~ “642 39.0 113.50 109.00 99.00-126.50 - - - 8 14 27 51 73 163 89 104 44 44 9 8 1 2 1367 38.5 121.50 118.50 104.00-132.00 - - - - - 1 14 35 82 61 74 42 35 7 8 1 2 1

30 40.0 114.00 117.50 103.00-123.50 - - - - 2 4 8 2 10 2 2 “135 39.5 96.50 96.50 90.00-106.00 - 3 12 18 22 18 40 12 10 ” "

208 39.5 139.50 139.50 120.50-155.00 • 1 _ - - 1 2 2 25 20 29 26 33 30 9 8 6 16 - - ~28 40.0 134.50 135.50 128.00-143.00 - - - - - 1 1 1 6 11 3 4 1 ”

180 39.5 140.50 141.00 119.00-157.50 - 1 - - 1 2 1 24 19 23 15 30 26 9 7 6 164 4 40.0 138.50 141.50 125.50-144.00 - - - - “ 14 3 20 6 1 “46 38.5 122.50 118.00 108.00-139.00 - “ “ “ 1 1 1 11 13 1 9 4 5

25 40.0 116.00 115.00 106.00-132.50 3 1 5 6 4 4 2

See footnotes at end o f tables.


(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings of workers in selected occupations by industry division, Birmingham, Ala., March 1973)

Table A-1. Office occupations: Weekly earnings-----Continued

11

Weekly earnings 1 (standard)

Occupation and industry divisionNumber

ofworkere

Averageweekly

(standard) MeaniMedian ^ Middle ranged

% t6 0

andunder

65

65

70

$7 0

75

175

80

H E N A N D W O M E N C O M B I N E D - C O N T I N U E D

SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS B -------- 1 28 6 0 . 0$9 3 . 5 0

$8 9 .5 0

$ $ 0 0 . 0 0 - 1 0 1 . 0 0 9 19 6

MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------- 27 6 0 . 0 9 1 . 5 0 8 9 .0 0 8 7 . 0 0 - 9 2 . 0 0 - - -NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------- 101 6 0 . 5 9 3 .5 0 9 2 . 5 0 7 6 . 5 0 - 1 0 3 . 5 0 9 19 6

RETAIL TRADE -------------------------------------- 33 3 8 .5 8 2 . 0 0 7 5 .0 0 6 9 . 5 0 - 9 7 . 0 0 * 9 8 *

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTS- 171 6 0 . 0 1 0 8 .0 0 1 0 6 .5 0 9 1 . 5 0 - 1 2 5 . 5 0 - . 16 _

MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------- 58 6 0 . 0 1 1 2 .0 0 1 0 7 .0 0 9 6 . 5 0 - 1 2 7 . 5 0 - - 3NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------- 1 13 3 9 . 5 1 0 6 .0 0 1 0 6 .0 0 8 9 . 5 0 - 1 1 9 . 0 0 - 11 -

WHOLESALE TRADE ------------------------------- 6 6 6 0 . 0 1 0 8 .5 0 1 1 0 .5 0 9 9 . 0 0 - 1 1 6 . 0 0 - - 2 -

RETAIL TRADE -------------------------------------- 26 6 0 . 0 9 7 . 0 0 8 6 .0 0 7 6 . 0 0 - 1 2 7 . 0 0 9 “

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATORS,GENERAL 82 3 9 . 0 1 0 5 .5 0 1 1 3 .0 0 8 5 . 0 0 - 1 2 3 . 0 0 - - 15 -

NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 55 3 8 . 5 1 0 0 .5 0 1 0 1 .5 0 8 1 . 5 0 - 1 1 8 . 5 0 - - 12 *

TYPISTS, CLASS A --------------------- 9 7 3 9 . 0 1 0 9 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 9 5 . 0 0 - 1 2 3 . 5 0 _ _

NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 9 6 3 9 . 0 1 0 9 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 9 6 . 5 0 - 1 2 3 . 5 0 - - - ~

TYPISTS, CLASS B --------------------- 3 8 5 3 9 . 0 8 9 .5 0 8 8 .0 0 8 1 . 5 0 - 9 6 . 5 0 6 3 7 36MANUFACTURING --------------------- 111 6 0 . 0 9 6 . 5 0 8 9 .5 0 8 7 . 0 0 - 1 0 7 . 5 0 - - - -NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 2 7 6 3 9 . 0 8 6 .5 0 8 6 .0 0 7 8 . 5 0 - 9 3 . 0 0 - 6 3 7 36

PUBLIC UTILITIES --------------- 27 3 9 . 0 9 6 . 0 0 9 3 .5 0 9 0 . 5 0 - 1 0 1 . 5 0 - - - -

RETAIL TRADE ------------------- 6 2 3 9 .5 9 1 . 0 0 9 0 .5 0 8 6 . 0 0 - 1 0 2 * 0 0 - - 9 1FINANCE ------------------------- 1 30 3 8 . 0 8 7 . 0 0 8 6 .5 0 8 1 . 5 0 - 9 3 .0 0 8 15

Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of—t i t 3 * s * $ t t t S t S t %

80 85 90 95 100 n o 120 130 160 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

and

85 90 95 100 n o 120 130 160 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 o v e r

9 26 11 17 10 5 11 2 1 6- 18 7 - - 1 - 19 8 6 17 10 4 11 1 1 4 - - - - - - -1 3 “ 10 1 - 1

9 16 15 18 25 29 25 3 3 5 1 8 - - - - -

3 3 2 13 10 6 8 2 2 2 - 4 - - - - -6 13 13 5 15 23 17 1 1 3 1 4 - - -- 7 - 3 8 18 2 - 1 3 - - - - - -6 * “ " “ 1 10

6 2 7 1 7 18 22 3 16 2 6 1 6 11 7 3 1

- 12 13 16 28 3 6 10 11“ 12 13 16 28 3 5 10 11

51 112 51 21 39 26 7 16 58 9 1 18 16 4 1

67 56 62 20 21 8 3- 6 11 3 3 2 2- u 7 2 6 5 1

35 28 21 16 8 1

See footnotes at end of tables


12

Table A-2. Professional and technical occupations: Weekly earnings


Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of—


ofAverageweekly

(standard' Mean ^ Median 2 Middle ranged

$80

andunder

*90

t100

*n o

s120

*130

$160

*150

$160

1170

$180

t190

$200

%210

t220

*230

t260

t250

t260

t270

*280

and

90 100 110 120 130 160 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 260 250 260 270 280 over

MEN ANO WOMEN COMBINED

3 9 . 5

3 9 . 53 9 . 53 9 . 0

3 9 . 0

! $1 3 7 . 5 0 - 1 7 7 . 5 0

1 1 7 . 0 0 - 1 3 8 . 0 01 1 7 . 0 0 - 1 3 8 . 5 01 1 9 . 0 0 - 1 3 6 .0 0

1 0 6 . 0 0 - 1 2 8 .0 0

1 2

191810

10

1

1069858

29

1 2 9 . 0 01 2 9 . 0 01 2 7 .5 0

1 1 5 .5 0

1 2 7 .5 01 2 7 .5 01 2 9 .5 0

1 09 .5 0

1210

292716

2321

JNONMANUFACTURING ——————— ———————

COMPUTER PROGRAMERS*11* n 2 1 2 I 5 0 1 9 7 . 5 0 - 2 6 8 . 0 04 0 . 0 2 2 2 . 0 0 3

COMPUTER PROGRAMERS.3 9 . 5 1 9 0 .5 0 1 8 2 .5 0 1 6 5 . 0 0 - 2 2 1 . 0 0

1 6 6 . 0 0 - 2 1 6 . 0 0 1 6 5 . 0 0 - 2 3 1 . 0 0

2020

86434 3 9 . 0 1 9 6 .5 0 1 8 3 .5 0 1 1

COMPUTER PROGRAMERS,5036

1 5 2 .5 01 5 1 .5 0

1 5 3 .0 01 6 0 .5 0

1 3 5 . 5 0 - 1 6 6 . 0 01 3 3 . 0 0 - 1 6 9 . 0 0

1 1 133 9 . 5 9 6/.rv n 2 1 1 . 5 0 1 9 7 . 0 0 - 2 3 1 . 0 0 - 15

128 26 31 34 30

1721 31

23y 0 0 2 20 *5087

1 5 0 . 0 0 - 1 7 6 .5 01 6 8 . 0 0 - 1 7 6 .0 0 1 5 3 . 5 0 - 1 7 8 . 0 0

20 38 67 3061 1 114 0 * 0 163 *00 ^3 ?1^9

102 6 0 . 0 1 6 5 . 5 0 1 6 8 . 0 0 10 19 22 23 17 * 1

W 4 , n n , , A ^ „ , 30 20 8109

624 0 0 125 00 119*~0 1 0 8 . 5 0 - 1 3 2 . 0 0

1 2 3 . 0 0 - 1 5 3 . 5 01 2 1

6 0 . 0 1 3 8 . 5 0 1 3 9 .5 028

^9 n n2

2 1 19 236 6 0 . 0 2 2 6 . 0 0 2 1 5 . 0 0 2 1 2 . 0 0 - 2 6 9 . 5 0

NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) ------ 3225

6 0 . 06 0 . 0

1 7 1 . 0 01 7 0 .5 0

1 6 8 .5 01 6 8 .0 0

1 5 5 . 5 0 - 1 9 1 .0 01 5 7 . 5 0 - 1 8 9 .5 0

- - - - - - 7 4 7 2 6 6 2* 1

See footnotes at end of tables.


13

Tab le A -3 . Office, professional, and technical occupations: A ve rage weekly earnings, by sex


Sex, occupation, and industry division Num berof

workers

OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - MEN

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A --------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

1 0 25250

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING ---------------

5537

CLERKS, ORDER -------------NONMANUFACTURING •

WHOLESALE TRADE

123 118 114

CLERKS, PAYROLL 26

MESSENGERS (OFFICE BOYSI ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------FINANCE -----------------------------------------------

OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN BILLE RS , MACHINE (B IL L IN G

MACHINE) ------------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

95832727

3832

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS A --------------------------------------------- 26

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,CLASS B ---------------------------------------------

NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------7560

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS AMANUFACTURING ----------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------

PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S -----------WHOLESALE TRADE -------------RETAIL TRADE --------------------FINANCE -------------------------------

27862

2 1 676625067

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS BMANUFACTURING ----------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------' PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S -----------

WHOLESALE TRAOE -------------RETAIL TRADE --------------------FINANCE -------------------------------

726117609213117

96131

CLERKS, F I L E , CLASS A NONMANUFACTURING —

FINANCE -----------------

585125

CLERKS, F I L E , CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING -

PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S FINANCE ------------------

181162

3296

CLERKS, F I L E , CLASS C NONMANUFACTURING —

FINANCE -----------------

269235173

CLERKS, ORDER -------------NONMANUFACTURING ■

WHOLESALE TRADE

513836

A verage

W eekly W eeklyhours 1 earnings *

(standard' (standard)

$6 0 . 0 1 7 3 . 0 06 0 . 0 1 9 2 . 0 06 0 . 0 1 5 6 . 0 0

3 9 . 0 1 2 6 . 5 03 8 . 5 1 2 2 . 5 0

6 0 . 0 1 3 9 . 5 06 0 . 0 1 3 9 . 0 06 0 . 0 1 6 0 . 5 0

•r* o o 1 6 5 . 0 0

3 9 . 0 9 5 . 0 03 9 . 0 9 2 . 5 03 9 . 0 1 0 6 . 0 03 8 . 5 8 2 . 0 0

6 0 . 0 1 1 5 . 5 06 0 . 0 1 1 7 . 0 0

3 9 . 5 1 2 7 . 5 0

3 9 . 5 9 6 . 0 03 9 . 5 9 6 . 0 0

3 9 . 5 1 6 6 . 5 06 0 . 0 1 6 6 . 0 03 9 . 0 1 6 6 .5 03 9 . 5 1 7 3 . 0 04 0 . 0 1 2 2 . 0 03 8 . 5 1 2 5 . 5 03 8 . 5 1 3 9 . 0 0

3 9 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 03 9 . 5 1 0 5 . 0 03 9 . 0 1 1 1 . 0 03 9 . 0 1 3 0 . 0 06 0 . 0 1 0 5 . 5 03 9 . 5 9 5 . 5 03 7 . 0 9 4 . 0 0

3 9 . 0 1 0 9 . 0 03 9 . 0 1 0 9 . 0 03 8 . 0 9 8 . 0 0

3 9 . 0 8 7 . 5 03 9 . 0 8 6 . 0 03 8 . 5 1 0 8 . 0 03 9 . 0 8 1 . 0 0

3 8 . 0 7 6 . 0 03 8 . 0 7 3 . 0 03 7 . 5 7 1 . 5 0

6 0 . 0 1 2 2 . 0 06 0 . 0 1 2 3 . 5 06 0 . 0 1 2 6 . 0 0

Sex, occupation, and industry division

OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN— CONTINUED

CLERKS, PAYROLL -----------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A ---------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

FINANCE ------------------------------------------

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B ---------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ----------------------WHOLESALE TRAOE ------------------------RETAIL TRADE -------------------------------FINANCE ------------------------------------------

MESSENGERS (OFFICE GIRLS) --------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

SECRETARIES --------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ----------------------WHOLESALE TRADE -------------------------FINANCE ------------------------------------------

SECRETARIES, CLASS A --------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

SECRETARIES, CLASS B --------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S -----------------------FINANCE ------------------------------------------

SECRETARIES, CLASS C --------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

FINANCE ------------------------------------------

SECRETARIES, CLASS D --------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

FINANCE ------------------------------------------

STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ---------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S -----------------------WHOLESALE TRADE -------------------------FINANCE ------------------------------------------

STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR -----------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

WHOLESALE TRACE -------------------------FINANCE ------------------------------------------

SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS A —

A verage

Num bero f

wo ike isW eekly

(standard)

W eekly earnings * (standard)

165 3 9 . 5$1 1 9 . 5 0

101 6 0 . 0 1 2 0 . 5 066 3 9 . 0 1 1 7 . 5 0

182 3 9 . 5 1 1 7 . 0 0125 3 9 . 5 1 0 6 . 0 0

70 3 9 . 0 1 0 3 . 5 0

623 3 9 . 0 9 9 . 0 051 6 0 . 0 1 0 2 . 5 0

372 3 9 . 0 9 9 . 0 089 3 8 . 5 1 2 1 . 0 067 6 0 . 0 1 0 1 . 0 030 3 9 . 0 8 7 . 5 0

200 3 9 . 0 9 0 . 0 0

38 3 9 . 0 8 9 . 0 038 3 9 . 0 8 9 . 0 0

896 3 9 . 5 1 3 7 . 0 0182 3 9 . 5 1 6 9 . 5 0712 3 9 . 0 1 3 6 . 0 0236 3 9 . 0 1 5 6 . 0 0

60 6 0 . 0 1 2 2 . 5 0316 3 9 . 0 1 2 0 . 5 0

68 3 9 . 5 1 6 0 . 5 068 3 9 . 0 1 6 1 . 0 0

227 3 9 . 5 1 5 1 . 5 069 6 0 . 0 1 5 1 . 0 0

178 3 9 . 0 1 5 1 . 5 077 3 9 . 0 1 6 8 . 0 072 3 9 . 0 1 3 6 . 0 0

389 3 9 . 0 1 3 1 . 5 055 3 9 . 0 1 6 2 . 0 0

336 3 9 . 0 1 3 0 . 0 0153 3 9 . 0 1 1 6 . 5 0

195 3 9 . 5 1 2 1 . 5 068 3 9 . 5 1 6 9 . 0 0

167 3 9 . 5 1 1 2 . 5 076 3 9 . 0 1 0 8 . 5 0

763 3 9 . 0 1 1 6 . 5 0121 6 0 . 0 1 2 0 . 5 0662 3 9 . 0 1 1 3 . 5 0367 3 8 . 5 1 2 1 . 5 0

30 6 0 . 0 1 1 6 . 0 0135 3 9 . 5 9 8 . 5 0

208 3 9 . 5 1 3 9 . 5 028 6 0 . 0 1 3 6 . 5 0

180 3 9 . 5 1 6 0 . 5 066 6 0 . 0 1 3 8 . 5 066 3 8 . 5 1 2 2 . 5 0

25

oo

1 1 6 . 0 0


OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN— CONTINUED

SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS B --------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

RETAIL TRADE ------------------------------------

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTS-MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

WHOLESALE TRADE ------------------------------RETAIL TRADE ------------------------------------

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATORS,GENERAL --------------------------------------------------------

NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

T Y PIS TS , CLASS A --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

T Y PIS TS , CLASS B --------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ---------------------------RETAIL TRADE ------------------------------------FINANCE -----------------------------------------------

PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN

COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS B --------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

FINANCE

COMPUTER PROGRAMERS,BUSINESS. CLASS A ----------------------------------

COMPUTER PROGRAMERS,BUSINESS, CLASS B ----------------------------------

NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------FINANCE -----------------------------------------------

COMPUTER PROGRAMERS,BUSINESS, CLASS C ----------------------------------

JRAFTSMEN, CLASS A ----------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

JRAFTSMEN, CLASS B ----------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

•RAFTSMEN, CLASS C ----------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS -----------------------PROFESSIONAL ANO TECHNICAL

OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN

COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS 8 --------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------

NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) -----MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

N um berof

workersW eekly

standard)

W eeklyearnings1(standard)

121 6 0 . 0$9 3 . 5 0

100 6 0 . 5 9 3 . 5 033 3 8 . 5 8 2 . 0 0

171 6 0 . 0 1 0 8 . 0 058 6 0 . 0 1 1 2 . 0 0

113 3 9 . 5 1 0 6 . 0 066 6 0 . 0 1 0 8 . 5 026 6 0 . 0 9 7 . 0 0

82 3 9 . 0 1 0 5 . 5 055 3 8 . 5 1 0 0 . 5 0

96 3 9 . 0 1 0 9 . 0 095 3 9 . 0 1 0 9 . 0 0

386 3 9 . 0 8 9 . 5 0110 6 0 . 0 9 6 . 5 0276 3 9 . 0 8 6 . 5 0

27 3 9 . 0 9 6 . 0 062 3 9 . 5 9 1 . 0 0

130 3 8 . 0 8 7 . 0 0

72 3 9 . 5 1 3 0 . 0 066 3 9 . 5 1 3 1 . 0 036 3 8 . 5 1 2 9 . 0 0

27 oo* 2 3 6 . 5 0

56 3 9 . 5 1 9 3 . 5 050 3 9 . 5 1 9 0 . 5 028 3 9 . 0 1 9 7 . 0 0

30 3 9 . 5 1 6 0 . 0 0

211 6 0 . 0 2 1 2 . 0 086 6 0 . 0 2 1 2 . 0 0

265 6 0 . 0 1 6 6 . 0 0169 6 0 . 0 1 6 3 . 0 0

96 6 0 . 0 1 6 6 . 0 0

168 6 0 . 0 1 3 0 . 0 0109 6 0 . 0 1 2 5 . 0 0

59 6 0 . 0 1 3 8 . 5 0

36

Oo

2 2 6 . 0 0

36 3 9 . 5 1 2 7 . 0 032 3 9 . 5 1 2 5 . 5 0

32 6 0 . 0 1 7 1 . 0 025 6 0 . 0 1 7 0 . 5 0

See footnote at end of tables,


14

Tab le A-4. Maintenance and powerplant occupations: Hourly earnings

(Average straight-time hourly earnings of workers in selected occupations by industry division, Birmingham, Ala,, March 1973)


MEN AND WOMEN COMBINED

CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE -----------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE -------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------

PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ---------------------------

GINEERS, STATIONARY ---------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES --------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------


MACHINE-TOOL OPERATORS, TOOLROOM — MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

MACHINISTS. MAINTENANCE -----------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE(MAINTENANCE! ------------------------------------------

MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------


MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE -------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------

MILLWRIGHTS -------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

PAINTERS, MAINTENANCE ---------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

TOOL AND DIE MAKERS -------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

Hourly earnings ^

Numberof

workers M e an 2 M edian^ Middle range 2

128$4 . 8 3

$5 .0 7

$ $ 4 . 2 5 - 5 .3 5

117 4 . 8 3 5 .0 9 4 . 2 4 - 5 .3 5

664 5 . 1 6 5 .2 9 4 . 7 4 - 5 .5 7634 5 .1 5 5 .2 6 4 . 7 4 - 5 .5 7

30 5 .4 7 5 .4 6 5 . 4 2 - 5 .5 127 5 .4 5 5 .4 6 5 . 4 3 - 5 .5 0

85 4 . 8 0 4 *84 4 . 5 9 - 5 .0 080 4 . 8 0 4 .8 5 4 . 6 2 - 4 .9 9

416 4 .0 1 4 .1 9 3 . 6 3 - 4 .4 4367 4 .1 1 4 . 2 4 3 . 7 0 - 4 .4 5

49 3 . 2 7 3 .5 6 2 . 5 6 - 3 .7 633 3 . 7 5 3 .7 1 3 . 5 5 - 3 .8 5

144 4 . 3 5 4 .2 2 3 . 1 4 - 4 .8 5144 4 . 3 5 4 .2 2 3 . 1 4 - 4 .8 5

489 5 .0 2 5 .1 2 4 . 6 8 - 5 .5 5485 5 .0 2 5 .1 2 4 . 6 9 - 5 .5 5

562 4 . 3 2 4 . 1 2 3 . 7 8 - 4 . 9 7237 4 . 1 8 4 . 3 7 2 . 7 9 - 5 .4 3325 4 . 4 2 4 . 0 9 3 . 9 3 - 4 . 8 5218 4 . 7 7 4 *66 4 . 0 7 - 5 .4 7

997 4 . 7 0 4 .7 8 4 . 2 8 - 5 .2 9948 4 . 7 6 4 .8 2 4 . 4 1 - 5 .3 3

49 3 . 5 0 3 .0 9 3 . 0 4 - 4 .1 1

201 5 .0 1 4 . 7 8 4 . 6 7 - 5 .4 4201 5 .0 1 4 . 7 8 4 . 6 7 - 5 .4 4

40 4 . 6 2 4 . 5 9 4 . 3 2 - 5 .2 337 4 . 6 5 4 . 5 8 4 . 3 2 - 5 . 2 4

126 4 . 6 0 4 . 7 4 4 . 5 5 - 4 . 7 9126 4 .6 2 4 .7 4 4 . 5 8 - 4 . 7 9

Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of—$ S » S t % * $ $ S S t t $ ( * $ * $ t * t2 .7 0 2 . 8 0 2 . 9 0 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 . 2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 . 0 0 4 . 2 0 4 . 4 0 4 . 6 0 4 . 80 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 . 6 0 5 . 8 0 6 . 0 0 6 . 2 0

S2 . 7 0

andunder2 . 8 0 2 . 9 0 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 . 80 4 . 0 0 4 . 2 0 4 . 4 0 4 . 6 0 4 . 8 0 5 . 00 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 . 8 0 6 . 0 0 6 * 2 0 over

2 3 2 1 21 14 6 10 18 37 1 12 i” * * 2 “ “ 3 “ 1 “ 21 14 5 7 “ 16 37 “ 11 "

- - 6 - - - 2 - 1 2 24 1 23 36 123 36 39 61 178 54 38 38 2- - 6 - - - 2 - 1 2 24 1 23 36 123 36 39 58 154 52 37 38 2

3 24 2 1 -2 24 1

1 - 11 2 a 13 30 10 4 - - 5 19 2 8 13 30 10 4 “ 4 “

15 2 - - 1 - 22 22 32 40 17 61 53 135 _ 11 5 - _ - - -- 2 - - - - 22 21 18 30 16 57 50 135 - 11 5 - - - - - “

* 1 5 - - - 1 - - 1 14 10 1 4 3- “ * * 1 14 10 1 4 3

_ _ 30 _ 16 - - _ 2 9 n 24 7 4 16 2 6 - - - 1730 “ 16 2 9 i i 24 7 4 16 2 6 - - 17

- - 6 - - _ 2 - - 3 7 13 12 44 146 1 39 7 174 25 10 _“ 6 ” ” “ 2 ” * 3 7 13 10 44 146 1 39 7 172 25 10 ” ”

69 6 9 14 1 5 7 27 2 56 120 9 13 39 48 4 4 43 32 3 48 3- 69 6 9 - - 3 - 1 - 20 4 8 9 22 12 2 2 35 32 3 -- - - - 14 1 2 7 26 2 36 116 1 4 17 36 2 2 8 - - 48 3

10 “ 92 1 2 14 36 2 2 8 - - 48 3

- - 66 i 28 9 13 6 29 21 39 17 43 96 145 46 82 122 73 99 42 15 5- 66 i 9 9 6 27 21 37 12 41 94 145 46 82 121 70 99 42 15 5

“ * 28 ” 4 2 2 5 2 2 “ - 1 3 “ “

108 2 _ 12 67 12 - _

108 2 - 12 67 12 “

- - 1 2 - - _ _ - - - 6 8 4 - 3 3 11 2 _ - -

2 ” “ - 6 8 4 2 2 11 2 - -

- - - - - _ 2 - . - 16 12 - 5 71 8 9 - 5 - - -

16 12 5 71 8 9 5

* Workers were distributed as follows: 8 at $ 2 to $ 2.10; 1 at $ 2.30 to $ 2.40; and 6 at $ 2.50 to $ 2.60.



Table A-5. Custodial and material movement occupations: Hourly earnings

(Average straight-time hourly earnings of workers in selected occupations by industry division, Birmingham, Ala., March 1973)

15


HEN AND WOMEN COMBINED

GUARDS AND WATCHMEN -------------MANUFACTURING -----------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------

GUARDSMANUFACTURING -----------------

JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERSMANUFACTURING -----------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES -----------WHOLESALE TRADE ------------RETAIL TRADE ----------------FINANCE ----------------------

LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING ----MANUFACTURING -----------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES -----------WHOLESALE TRADE ------------RETAIL TRADE ----------------

ORDER FILLERS -------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------

WHOLESALE TRADE ------------

PACKERS, SHIPPING ----------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------

WHOLESALE TRADE ------------

RECEIVING CLERKS -----------------MANUFACTURING -----------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------

WHOLESALE TRADE ------------RETAIL TRADE ----------------

SHIPPING CLERKS ------------------• MANUFACTURING-----------------

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS — MANUFACTURING -----------------

TRUCKDRIVERS --------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES -----------WHOLESALE TRADE ------------RETAIL TRADE ----------------

TRUCKDRIVERS, LIGHT (UNDER1-1/2 TONSI --------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------

WHOLESALE TRADE -------------RETAIL TRADE ---------------- *

Hourly earnings ̂

Numberof

Mean 2 Median2 Middle range 2

7 8 2$2 .2 1

$1 .7 8

$ $ 1 . 7 6 - 2 .5 3

1 25 3 .3 2 3 .5 9 2 . 3 9 - 3 .7 86 5 7 2 .0 0 1 .7 7 1 . 7 3 - 1 .8 6

102 3 .5 3 3 .6 7 3 . 5 0 - 3 .8 1

1 ,9 8 8 2 .0 6 1 .7 2 1 . 6 5 - 2 .3 63 5 5 2 .9 8 3 .0 6 2 . 6 6 - 3 .5 2

1 ,6 3 3 1 .8 6 1 .6 8 1 . 6 6 - 1 .9 8115 2 .7 2 2 .5 5 2 . 3 6 - 3 .0 5

60 2 .1 2 2 .1 3 1 . 8 5 - 2 .2 92 65 1 .9 8 1 .8 8 1 . 7 0 - 2 .2 32 25 2 .1 0 2 .0 9 1 . 7 9 - 2 .6 0

1 ,5 1 7 2 .8 8 2 .7 1 2 . 3 3 - 3 .2 76 38 3 .2 0 3 .2 3 2 . 6 8 - 3 .8 08 79 2 .6 5 2 .5 6 2 . 3 0 - 2 .9 53 15 3 .1 1 2 .9 7 2 . 9 2 - 6 .0 26 2 0 2 .3 2 2 .3 5 2 . 2 1 - 2 .6 61 3 0 2 .5 9 2 .7 1 2 . 0 6 - 2 .7 9

6 6 2 2 .5 3 2 .5 5 1 . 9 1 - 2 .8 26 0 7 2 .6 6 2 .5 2 1 . 8 9 - 2 .8 03 05 2 .3 0 2 .3 8 1 . 8 7 - 2 .6 2

2 6 3 3 .7 9 3 .8 5 2 . 6 7 - 6 .6 373 2 .5 7 2 .6 6 2 . 2 9 - 2 .8 361 2 .6 8 2 .6 1 2 . 2 3 - 2 .6 9

126 3 .1 6 3 .0 6 2 . 5 7 - 3 .9 362 3 .9 7 6 .0 2 3 . 9 3 - 6 .0 984 2 .7 2 2 .8 1 2 . 3 5 - 3 .0 863 2 .8 3 2 .8 7 2 . 5 9 - 3 .0 839 2 .6 2 2 .3 9 2 . 1 6 - 3 .0 9

93 4 . i 4 6 .1 5 3 . 1 7 - 5 .1 277 6 .2 9 4 .3 9 3 . 3 3 - 5 .1 6

73 6 . 28 6 .2 6 3 . 1 8 - 5 .0 769 6 .3 2 6 .2 6 3 . 1 9 - 5 .0 9

1 ,8 1 3 3 .6 8 2 .9 5 2 . 6 9 - 6 .2 86 8 5 3 .1 5 2 .8 6 2 . 7 6 - 3 .7 0

1 ,3 2 8 3 .6 0 3 .0 2 2 . 3 6 - 5 .9 06 0 0 6 .7 0 5 .9 1 3 . 0 7 - 5 .9 64 9 9 2 .5 1 2 .6 8 1 . 8 8 - 2 .9 1139 2 .7 6 2 .5 6 2 . 0 5 - 2 .7 6

2 2 6 2 .5 6 2 .5 0 2 . 2 6 - 3 .0 168 2 .9 1 2 .7 5 2 . 6 8 - 3 .3 7

178 2 .6 6 2 .6 3 2 . 2 2 - 3 .0 198 2 .5 6 2 .6 3 2 . 2 3 - 3 .0 66 8 2 .1 6 2 .3 0 1 . 8 3 - 2 .5 5

Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of—* t $ t * I I i $ I I $ t $ i $ t * t * % » T1 .6 0 1 .6 0 1 .8 0 2 .0 0 2 .2 0 2 .6 0 2 .6 0 2 .8 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .6 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 6 . 0 0 6 . 2 0 4 . 4 0 4 . 6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 . 2 0 5 .6 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0

andunder

and

1 .6 0 1 .8 0 2 .0 0 2 .2 0 2 .6 0 2 .6 0 2 .8 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .6 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 6 . 0 0 6 .2 0 6 .6 0 6 . 6 0 6 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 . 6 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 over

- 6 8 2 2 2 5 0 21 17 7 5 11 38 46 57 11 - 15 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

- “ - 18 15 1 - - - 5 27 33 11 - 15 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

- 6 8 2 22 32 6 16 7 5 11 33 19 26

- - - - 15 1 - - - 5 22 33 11 15

5 6 1 0 6 3 136 1 6 3 1 0 7 1 59 37 35 71 57 93 6 6 1 11 8 1 - - _ -

- 16 6 20 21 59 8 12 66 65 79 6 6 - 6 8 1 - - - - - -56 1 0 6 9 130 1 23 8 6 1 0 0 29 23 5 12 16 - - 1 7

- 2 9 6 16 3 9 5 9 5 2 16 - - 1 7- 3 15 6 10 6 - 2- 9 7 50 36 2 8 16 7 3 - 10

59 18 6 3 29 37 16 3

_ 6 5 82 59 3 6 0 1 6 9 1 06 2 1 5 12 1 7 8 25 23 6 6 156 12 9 18 10 1 _ _ - 15- - 11 1 1 6 87 68 3 10 1 7 6 11 21 39 6 9 3 6 17 10 - - - - 15- 6 5 82 6 8 2 2 6 82 56 2 1 2 2 6 16 2 5 87 9 3 1 - 1 - - - -- 30 - - - 10 - 178 - - 2 - - 86 7 2 - - - - - - -- 77 25 2 1 0 71 15 16 - - 3 - - - 2 1 - - - - - - -

* 15 5 23 16 1 61 6 2 6 9 2 5 1 - - 1 - 1 ~ - - -

- 19 100 11 58 65 75 65 2 2 53 _ 5 1 _ 4 1 - 1- 19 100 11 58 65 52 65 2 2 53

16 91 10 6 0 65 6 8 3 3 2 2

- . 4 9 17 22 2 7 12 8 . - 9 30 6 6 - - 4 3 6 6 5 - 3- - 4 9 9 10 21 12 8“ - 9 9 2 13 8

_ - _ 16 10 11 7 13 26 3 3 5 10 19 _ 1 i 3 - _ _ . _- - - - - - 1 - 1 2 3 1 10 19 - 1 i 3 - - - - -

- - 16 10 11 6 13 25 1 - 4- - - - 2 9 2 13 17

* - 16 6 2 6 - 8 1 - 4

- - - - 16 - 2 10 11 2 4 1 5 6 - 2 5 2 2 5 - - 6

~ “ “ * “ 16 * 2 • 9 - 4 1 5 4 * 2 5 2 2 3 ” “ 6

_ _ _ _ - 3 7 - 10 3 9 - - - 10 6 6 2 5 2 - - 16" “ - 3 6 “ 9 3 9 - - 8 6 4 2 5 2 - - 16

_ 31 161 30 1 9 3 1 62 1 93 1 9 0 161 25 8 55 23 1 6 6 75 31 - - - _ - 8 ’'-361- 8 6 2 11 1 69 1 06 3 11 3 6 6 23 7 71 7 - - - - - - -- 23 161 30 151 131 6 6 86 158 16 5 9 - 1 3 9 6 2 6 - - - - - 8 3 61- - - - 72 - - - 112 - 2 1 - 77 1 3 - - - - - - 3 3 2

8 168 15 57 7 3 21 85 6 5 12 3 - - 8 3 21 - - - - - - -

15 13 15 7 6 7 21 1 1 2 8 9

- 10 13 16 53 52 22 - 62 6 4 - 7 3 — _ — -- - - 6 8 20 - - 6 2 - 7- 10 13 16 6 7 6 6 2 - 62 - 2 - - 2 — -- - - 15 3 2 9 - - 62- 10 13 1 2 6

* All workers were at $ 5.80 to $ 6.



16

Table A-5. Custodial and material movement occupations: Hourly earnings— Continued



ofworkers

Hourly earnings^ Number of workers receiving, straight-time hourly earnings of—$ $ * * $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ * $ * * * * * * * $ 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.40 4.60 4.80 5.00 5.20 5.40 5.60 5.80and

under and

1.60 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.40 4.60 4.80 5.00 5.20 5.40 5.60 5.80 over

MEN AN0 WOMEN COMBINED— CONTINUED

TRUCKDRIVERS - CONTINUED

TRUCK0RIVERS, MEDIUM (1-1/2 TOAND INCLUDING 4 TONS! --------MANUFACTURING ------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES ------------WHOLESALE TRADE -------------RETAIL TRADE ----------------

86814772126832469

$3.193.093.214.142.313.06

$ $ $2.80 2.30- 4.022.93 2.43- 3.682.78 2.23- 4.104.03 3.01- 5.942.24 1.85- 2.752.54 2.09- 3.05

13 148 14 125 77 60 55 70 15 1 55 12 101 3 1 - - -- - - 36 3 33 6 3 1 1 46 12 4 2 - - - - -

13 148 14 89 74 27 49 67 14 - 9 - 97 1 1 -- - 60 - - 64 - - i 37 1 1 - - - -8 148 - 23 54 21 48 2 12 - - - 85 14 6 20 6 1 1 2

7 *111

7 111- 104

7 7

jCKDRI VERS, HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS,AiLER TYPE I ---------------------

t NUFACTURING ---------------------4 MANUFACTURING -----------------

UBLIC UTILITIES ---------------WHOLESALE TRADE ----------------

25857

20110277

3.202.793.323.343.34

3.01 2.78- 4.012.79 2.73- 2.983.04 2.92- 4.053.08 3.03- 4.042.97 2.92- 4.41

15 13 36 55 49 6 3 - 4 40 3 23 - - - 1 2- “ 21 18 - 6 - - 4

15 13 15 37 49 - 3 - - 40 3 23 - - - - 1 212 - - - 48 - - - - 40 - 2 - - - -2 10 37 1 - 3 - - - 3 21 - - * “ “

TRUCKERS, POWER (FORKLIFT)M A N U F A C T U R IN G --------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------

WHOLESALE TRADE -----RETAIL TRADE ---------

8346 2 3211

5 938

3.143.212.942.573.16

2.77 2.83 2.48 2.552.78

2.47- 3.81 2.68- 3.84 2.34- 2.75 2.50- 2.59 2.28- 3.58

2 20 113 159 180 36 2 6 57 43 101 25 5 27 4 16 1 11 - 26- 8 55 81 162 36 6 47 42 101 25 5 27 2 16 - 8 - - 22 12 58 78 18 - 2 10 1 - - 2 - 1 3 - “ 24- - - 48 9 22 10 9 - “ 10 1 - - “ 2 1 3 “ “

WAR EH0USEMEN -------NONMANUFACTURING

146 2.78145 2.77

2.562.55

1.81-1.81-

2.98 - 362.96 - 36

8 48 4

2 42 112 42 11

88

11

22

88

22

11

22

11

4 14 -3 14 -

* All workers were at $ 5.80 to $ 6.



17

Table A-6. Maintenance, powerplant, custodial, and material handling occupations: Average hourly earnings, by sex



MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT OCCUPATIONS - MEN

CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE ------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------

ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE ----------MANUFACTURING ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES ---------------

ENGINEERS, STATIONARY ---------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------

HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES --------MANUFACTURING ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES ---------------

MACHINE-TOOL OPERATORS, TOOLROOM -- MANUFACTURING ---------------------

MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE ------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------

MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE(MAINTENANCE) -----------------------

MANUFACTURING ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES --------------

MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE --------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------

MILLWRIGHTS ---------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------

PAINTERS, MAINTENANCE ---------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------

TOOL AND DIE MAKERS MANUFACTURING --

Num berof

workers

A verage (m ean2 )

hourly earnings5

128$4.83

117 4.63

664 5.16634 5.1530 5.4727 5.45

85 4.8080 4.80

416 4.01367 4.1149 3.2733 3.75

144 4.35144 4.35

489 5.02485 5.02

562 4.32237 4.18325 4.42218 4.77

997 4.70948 4.7649 3.50

201 5.01201 5.01

40 4.6237 4.65

128 4.60126 4.62


CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL HANDLING OCCUPATIONS - MEN

GUARDS AND WATCHMEN -----------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------

GUARDSMANUFACTURING ------------------ --

JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS ---MANUFACTURING ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES ---------------WHOLESALE TRADE ----------------RETAIL TRADE --------------------FINANCE --------------------------

LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING --------MANUFACTURING ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES ---------------WHOLESALE TRADE ----------------RETAIL TRADE --------------------

ORDER FILLERS -----------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------

WHOLESALE TRAOE ----------------

PACKERS, SHIPPING --------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------

WHOLESALE TRADE ----------------

RECEIVING CLERKS ---------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------

WHOLESALE TRADE ----------------RETAIL TRADE --------------------

SHIPPING CLERKS ----------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS -----MANUFACTURING ---------------------

Numberof

woikers

Average (mean2) hourly

earnings5Sex, occupation, and industry division

Numberof

workers

Average mean2) hourly earnings5

CUSTCiOlAL AND MATERIAL HANDLINGUCCUPA1IONS - MEN — CONTINUED

$ $779 2.21 TRUCKDRIVERS ------------------------ 1,812 3.48125 3.32 MANUFACTURING --------------------- 485 3.15654 2.00 NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 1,327 3.60

PUBLIC UT IL IT IE S------ --------- 600 4.70WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------- 499 2.51

102 3.53 RETAIL TRADE -------------------- 138 2.76

1,409 2.15 TRUCKDRIVERS, LIGHT (UNDER339 3.02 1-1/2 TONS) ----------------------- 226 2.54

1,070 1.88 MANUFACTURING --------------------- 48 2.9177 2.79 NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 178 2.4434 2.13 WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------- 98 2.54

191 2.03 RETAIL TRADE -------------------- 48 2.16136 2.16

TRUCKDRIVERS, MEDIUM (1-1/2 TO1,515 2.89 AND INCLUDING 4 TONS) ----------- 867 3. 19

638 3.20 MANUFACTURING --------------------- 147 3.09877 2.65 NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 720 3.21315 3.11 PUBLIC UTILITIES --------------- 268 4.14420 2.32 WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------- 324 2.31128 2.59 RETAIL TRAOE -------------------- 68 3.07

2.55 TRUCKDRIVERS, HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS,383 2.47 TRAILER TYPE) --------------------- 258 3.20281 MANUFACTURING --------------------- 57 2.79

NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 201 3.32236 3*84 PUBLIC UTILITIES --------------- 102 3.3469 2.60 WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------- 77 3.3441 2.48

TRUCKERS, POWER (FORKLIFT) --------- 834 3.14118 3.20 MANUFACTURING --------------------- 623 3.21

3.97 NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 211 2.94WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------- 59 2.57

43 2.83 RETAIL TRADE -------------------- 38 3.1631

WAREHOUSEMEN -------------------------- 146 2.7893 4.14 NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 145 2.7777 4.29 CUSTODIAL AMD MATERIAL HANDLING

OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN7369

4.28 JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS --- 579 1.77NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 563 1.76

RETAIL TRAOE -------------------- 54 1.81FINANCE 89 2.01

1_________



18

B. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisionsTable B-1. Minimum entrance salaries for women officeworkers

(Distribution of establishm ents studied in a ll industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected categories of inexperienced women officew orkers, Birm ingham , A la., March 1973)

Inexperienced typists Other inexperienced clerical workers

Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Manufacturing NonmanufacturingMinimum weekly straight-tim e sa la ry 4 All Based on standard weekly hours6 of— All Based on standard weekly hours6 of—

industries industriesAll All All All

schedules 40 schedules 40 schedules 40 schedule s 40

Establishm ents studied_____________________________ 168 52 XXX 116 XXX 168 52 XXX 116 XXX

Establishm ents having a specified minim um _____________ 30 10 10 20 14 57 15 15 42 31

1> 55.00 and under $ 57.50_____________________________ _ _ _ _ 1 - - 1 _$ 57.50 and under $ 60.00_____________________________ - - - - - - - - - -$ 60.00 and under $ 62.50_____________________________ - - - - - 2 - - 2 -$ 62.50 and under $ 65.00_____________________________ 3 - - 3 2 5 1 1 4 2$ 65.00 and under $ 67.50_____________________________ - - - - - - - - - -$ 67.50 and under $ 70.00________________________ ____ - - - - - 4 - - 4 4$ 70.00 and under $ 72.50________ ________ ________ 1 - - 1 1 4 - - 4 4$ 72.50 and under $ 75.00_____________________________ 6 2 2 4 3 7 2 2 5 4$ 75.00 and under $ 77.50_____________________________ 3 1 1 2 1 3 - - 3 1$ 77.50 and under $ 80.00_____________________________ - - - - - 1 - - 1 1$ 80.00 and under $ 82.50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ________ _ 8 3 3 5 4 10 3 3 7 6$ 82.50 and under $ 85.00_____________________________ 1 - - 1 - 3 - - 3 2$ 5.00 and under $ 87.50________ ____________________ 1 - - 1 1 - - - - -$ 87.50 and under $ 90.00_____________________________ 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 3 3$ 90.00 and under $ 92.50_ _________________________ 1 1 1 - - 3 2 2 1 -$ 92.50 and under $ 95.00_____________________________ 2 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 - -$ 95.00 and under $ 97.50____________ ______________ 1 - - 1 1 1 - - 1 1$ 97.50 and under $ 100.00------------------------------------- - * - - - 1 1 1 * -

$ 100.00 and under $ 105.00__________________________ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ - 1 1$ 105.00 and under $ 110.00___________________________ - - - - - 1 1 1 -

$ 110.00 and under $ 115.00__________________________ - - - - - “ “ -

$ 115.00 and under $ 120.00___________________________________________ - - - - - - - - “

$ 120.00 and under $ 125.00--------------------------------------------- --------- - - - - - - - - -

$ 125.00 and under $ 130.00___________________________________________ - T - - - - - -

$ 130.00 and under $ 135.00---------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - “ -

$ 135.00 and under $ 140.00____________________________________________ 1 1 1 1 1 1$ 140.00 and under $ 145.00___________________________________________ - - - - - 1 1 1 - “

$ 145.00 and over___________________________________________________________ - - - - - 3 1 1 2 2

Establishm ents having no specified minimum---------------- 21 9 XXX 12 XXX 44 12 XXX 32 XXX

Establishm ents which did not employ workersin this category______________________ -________________ 117 33 XXX 84 XXX 67 25 XXX 42 XXX



T a b l e B - 2 . S h i f t d i f f e r e n t i a l s

(L a te -sh ift pay p rov isio n s for m anufacturing p lan tw orkers by type and amount of pay d iffe re n tia l, B irm ingham , A la ., M arch 197 3)

P ercen t of m anufacturing plantw orkers—

L a te -sh ift pay p rovisionIn establishm ents having p rovision s 7

for la te shifts A ctu a lly working on late shifts

Second shift T hird or other shift Second shift T h ird or other

shift

T o ta l.... .. ............ 88.1 81.6 20.0 8.0

No pay d ifferen tia l for w ork on la te s h ift____ 8.0 3.7 1.5 0.5

P ay d ifferen tia l for w ork on late s h ift______ 80.1 78.0 18.5 7.5

Type and amount of d ifferen tia l:

U niform cents (per hour) 76.6 69.4 18.1 7.1

4 c e n ts _________________________ .9 _ .1 -5 cents ______ - 1.1 - .56 c e n ts ___________ _______ _____ 4.8 .9 1.0 .17 c e n ts ___________ __ . ________ 4.7 1.8 .7 -8 cents 12.2 2.3 2.9 -9 cents 1.8 3.6 .6 (8)10 c e n t s .______ ____ .. 39.4 2.9 10.7 (e)12 cents 8.8 13.9 1.5 .912 V? cents - .9 - .313 cents .. . .................... ....... - 1.3 - (8)14 cents________________________ 1.6 - .215 cents , „ 1.4 35.7 .3 5.016 cents . . . __ ... .................... - 3.9 - .120 cents________________________ . .9 1.0 .1 .2

F o rm a l paid lunch p eriod ____________ 3.5 2.5 .5 .3

F u ll d ay 's pay for reduced h ou rs______ * 2.7 - (8)

F u ll d a y 's pay for reduced hoursplus cents d ifferen tia l . .. 3.4 .1



2 0

T a b l e B - 3 . S c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s a n d d a y s

(Percent of p lantw orkers and o fficew orkers in a ll industries and in industry divisions by scheduled w eekly hours and days of firs t-sh ift w o rk e rs , Birm ingham , A la ., M arch 1973)

W eekly hours and daysPlantw orkers O fficew orkers

A llindustries

Manufacturing

Publicutilities

W holesaletrade

Retailtrade

A llindustries

Manufacturing

Publicutilities

W holesaletrade

R etailtrade Finance

A ll w ork ers — ___ ______ __ _____ ___ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

30 hours— 5 d a y s_______________________ 135 hours— 5 d a y s_______________________ 3 - - - 13 2 (9) - - 15 -3 6 V4 hours— 5 d a y s_____________________ - - - - - 3 - - - - 103 7 7 2 h o u rs____________________________ 2 2 2 - 4 15 2 42 - 9 19

5 days______________________________ 1 2 2 - - 15 2 42 - 9 196 days______________________________ 1 - - - 4 - - - - - -

3 8 hours— 5 d a y s________________________ - - - - - 1 - - - - 33 8 V4 hours— 5 d a y s______________________ - - - - - 1 - - - - 338 V4 hours— 5 d a y s____ ______ ______ - - - - - 1 - - - - 439Vio hours— 5 d a y s , - ____ ___ _______ - - - - - (’ ) - - - (9) -40 hours------------------------------------- _ ---------- 89 98 91 68 75 75 98 58 92 73 61

4 days------------------------------------------------------ 1 - - - 5 - - - - - -5 days--------------------- --- ------ ---------------- 87 98 91 68 65 75 98 58 92 72 615 V2 days-------------------------------------------------- 1 - - - 3 (9 ) - - - 1 -6 days________________ _____________ (9 ) - - - 3 - - - - - -

42 hours— 5Vz d a y s______________ ____ — 1 - - - 3 - - - - - -4 2 V2 hours— 5 d a y s______________________ (9) - - 3 - - - - - _ _44 hours------- ---------------------------------- 1 - - 5 1 (9 ) - - - (9) _

5 V2 days--- ------ ------------------------------------ (9 ) - - 5 1 (9 ) - - - o -6 days______________________________ - - - - - (9 ) - - - - -7 days______________________________ (9) - - - - - - - - - -

45 hours_______________________________ 2 (9 ) - 20 - 1 - - 8 2 -5 days_______________ ______________ 1 (9) - 16 - (9) - - 2 2 -5 V2 days-------------------------------------------------- (9 ) - - 5 - 1 - - 7 - -

48 hours— 6 d a y s________________________ 2 - - 3 5 (9 ) - - - - -50 hours— 5 d a y s_______________________ 1 6

See footnote at end of tables.


21

T a b l e B - 4 . A n n u a l p a i d h o l i d a y s

(P ercen t of plantworkers and officew orkers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays, Birmingham* Ala.* M arch 1973)

Item

Plantw orkers O ffice w orkers

A llindustries

Manufacturing

Publicutilities

W holesaletrade

Retailtrade

A llindustries

Manufacturing

Publicutilities

'W holesaletrade


A ll w ork ers_________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

W orkers in establishm ents providingpaid h o lid ays____-_____________________ 95 99 100 100 89 99 99 100 100 96 100

W orkers in establishm ents providingno paid h o lid ays—--------------------------------------- 5 1 - - 11 1 1 - - 4 -

Number of days

1 holiday_______________________________ (9) - - - 1 (9) - - - (9) -Z h o lid ays---------------------------------------------------- 1 - - - 6 “ - “ - -3 h o lid ays______________________________ (’ ) “ 2 - - 1 - 3 - - -4 h o lidays______________________________ 2 1 - 3 1 (9) - - 2 15 h o lid ays______________________________ 15 8 11 23 42 32 10 4 20 48 545 holidays plus 1 half day_________________ (9) - - 1 - 1 - 5 4 - -6 h o lid ays______________________________ 14 9 6 45 19 7 5 2 45 14 -6 holidays plus 1 half day_________________ 1 1 4 - - 1 2 4 - - -7 h o lid ays---------------------------------------------------- 9 9 - 9 14 14 5 2 15 16 287 holidays plus 1 half day_________________ - - - - - 1 - - - - 37 holidays plus 3 half d a y s---------------------------- - - - - - (9) - - - - -8 h o lid ays---------------------------------------------------- 15 15 52 5 - 21 17 57 - - 148 holidays plus 1 half day_________________ - - - 1 7 - - - -9 h o lid ays______________________________ 33 50 19 9 5 16 50 16 12 16 110 holidays_____________________________ 3 4 6 - 2 3 8 - - -11 holidays_____________________________ 1 1 8 1 1 4 - -12 holidays_____________________________ - - - - (9 ) - - - - 1

Total holiday time 10

12 days________________________________ - - - - - (9 ) - - - - 111 days or m ore____________________ ___— 1 1 - 8 “ 1 1 - 4 110 days or m ore_________________________ 4 5 6 8 - 3 4 8 4 - 19 days or m o re _________________________ 37 55 25 17 5 19 54 24 16 16 28 Vi days or m o re ________________________ 37 55 25 17 5 21 61 24 16 16 28 days or m o r e _________________________ 52 71 77 22 5 42 78 81 16 16 157 Vz days or m o re ----------------------------------------- 52 71 77 22 5 43 78 81 16 16 187 d a y s or m o r e ________________________________________ 61 79 77 31 19 57 82 83 31 31 466l/i d a y s or m o r e -------------------------- ----- ---- 62 80 81 31 19 58 84 86 31 31 466 d a y s or m o r e ---------------------------------------- 76 90 86 75 39 65 89 88 76 45 465l/i days or m o re ----------------------------------------- 76 90 86 77 39 66 89 93 80 45 465 days or m o re _________________________ 91 97 98 100 81 98 98 97 100 93 994 days or m o re --------------------------------------------- 93 99 98 100 83 98 99 97 100 95 1003 days or m o re _________________________ 94 99 100 100 83 99 99 100 100 95 1002 days or m o re _________________________ 94 99 100 100 88 99 99 100 100 95 1001 day or m ore___________________________ 95 99 100 100 89 99 99 100 100 96 100



T a b l e B - 4 a . Id e n t i f ic a t io n o f m a j o r p a id h o l id a y s

(P ercen t of p lan tw orkers and o fficew o rk ers in a l l industries and in industry d iv isions by paid holidays, B irm ingham , A la ., M arch 1973)

H oliday

P lantw orkers O fficew ork ers

A llindustries

Manufacturing

Publicu tilities

W holesaletrade

R etailtrade

A llindustries

Manufacturing

Publicu tilities

W holesaletrade

R etailtrade F inane e

A ll w o rk e rs_________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

New Y e a r 's D ay______ _____ __ _ _____ 93 97 100 100 83 99 99 100 J00 95 100W ashington's B irthday____________________ 3 1 22 - 4 " 14 - 5Good F r id a y ____________________________ 43 66 34 13 33 65 60 12 - 21E a ste r Monday_________________ _______ (9) - - 7 (’ ) “ (9) 3 - -M em orial Day 54 75 63 26 5 38 67 69 22 1 23Fourth of July____________________ „ __ 93 99 98 100 83 99 99 97 100 95 100Labor Day__________________________ 92 99 98 100 78 97 99 97 100 92 97Rosh Hashannah_________________________ 1 - " 6 (9) - - 3 -Yom K ippur_____ _____________ _______ 1 - “ 3 6 (9) - (9) 3 -Colum bus Day. . . _______________ _____ 1 1 6 ~ 2 1 8 - - 1V eteran s Day_________ ____________ ___ 8 3 57 7 17 4 75 3 - 4Thanksgiving Day 94 99 100 100 83 99 99 100 100 95 100Day after Thanksgiving___________________ 43 70 2 21 4 24 80 6 15 12 5C h ristm as E ve__________________________ 48 69 31 53 6 40 69 21 70 - 37C h ristm a s E ve, half day__________________ 1 1 4 1 - 3 2 8 4 - 3C h ristm a s Day___ ______________________ 94 99 92 100 89 99 99 98 100 96 100E xtra day during C h ristm as week___________ 2 3 - - 2 7 11 - 2 12New Y e a r 's Eve _ ... __ 4 5 8 - 2 9 2 - - -New Y e a r 's F v e . half day - - - - 1 7 - - -Floating holiday. 1 day 12........... .................. 3 2 11 7 5 2 7 3 4Floating holiday, 4 days 12 1 - - 5 2 “ - - 16 -E m p loyee 's b irth d ay_____________________ 14 6 38 17 26 8 2 19 12 24



2 3

T a b l e B - 5 . P a i d v a c a t i o n s

(Percent of p lantw orkers and o fficew o rk ers in a l l in d u stries and in industry divisions by vacation pay p rov isio n s, B irm ingham , A la . , M arch 1973)

P lantw orkers O ffice w orkersV acation policy

A llindustries

Manufacturing

Publicutilities

W holesaletrade

R etailtrade

A llindustries

Manufacturing

Publicutilities

•W holesaletrade


A ll w o r k e r s _________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Method of payment

W orkers in establishm ents providingpaid v a c a tio n s___________ _____________ 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

L en gth -of-tim e payment________________ 95 95 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100P ercen tage paym ent--------------------------------- 3 5 - - - - - - - - -Othe r_______________________________ 1 . - - 5 - - - - - -

W orkers in establishm ents providingno paid v a c a tio n s_______________________ 1 - - - - - - - - - -

Amount of vacation pay 13

A fte r 6 months of se rv ic e

Under 1 w e e k ___________________________ 7 8 5 _ 10 7 5 _ _ 13 11 w e e k _________________________________ 14 13 27 13 12 49 62 55 26 9 64O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks_________________ (9 ) - - 7 - 4 2 - 3 - 102 w eeks________________________________ - - - - 1 4 * - - -

A fte r 1 y e a r of se rv ice

Under 1 w e e k ________________________ 1 _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _1 w e e k . __________________ __________ 81 93 39 71 75 25 21 29 47 68 -O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s_________________ 2 1 12 - - (9 ) 1 - - - -2 w eeks____________________________ __ 15 5 49 29 22 73 73 71 53 32 99O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s_________________ - - - - - (9 )

1.2 - - - -

3 w eeks________________________________ - - - - - 2 - - - 1

A fte r 2 y e a rs of se rv ice

1 w e e k _________________________________ 62 83 12 41 36 9 15 10 12 21 _O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s_________________ 1 2 - - - - - - - - -2 w eeks________________________________ 34 14 76 59 64 89 79 90 88 79 99O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s_________________ 1 - 12 - - 1 4 - - - -3 w eek s________________________________ 1 1 - - - 1 2 - - - 1


1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------------- 20 23 _ 24 23 3 7 _ 6 13 _2 w eeks________________________________ 73 71 85 76 71 94 86 100 94 87 99O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks_________________ 3 3 12 - - 1 4 - - - -

3 w eeks________________________________ 3 2 3 - 6 2 4 - - * 1


1 w e e k _________________________________ 17 19 _ 20 23 3 7 _ 4 13 _

2 w eek s________________________________ 76 75 85 80 71 95 86 100 96 87 99O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks_________________ 3 3 12 - - 1 4 - - - -

3 w eek s________________________________ 3 2 3 - 6 2 4 - - - 1


1 w e e k _________________________________ 8 8 _ _ 13 2 6 _ _ 3 _2 w eek s________________________________ 81 84 83 97 69 86 84 99 94 90 78O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s_________________ 2 1 12 - - 4 4 - - - 83 w eeks________________________________ 7 6 5 3 13 8 5 1 6 7 144 w eeks________________________________ 1 - - - 6 (9 ) 1 - - - -

5 w eek s________________________________ “'

“ “ 1' ' ' ' '

See footnotes at end of t a b l e s ,


T a b l e B - 5 . P a i d v a c a t i o n s ------C o n t i n u e d

(P ercent of p lantw orkers and o fficew o rk ers in a ll in dustries and in industry d ivisions by vacation pay p rov isio n s, Birm ingham , A la ., M arch 1973)

P lan tw orkers O fficew o rk ersV acation p olicy A ll

industriesManu

facturingPublic

u tilitiesW holesale

tradeR etailtrade

A llindustries

Manufacturing

Publicu tilities

W holesaletrade

R etailtrade F inane e

Amount of vacation pay 13— Continued

A fte r 10 y e a r s of se rv ic e

1 w e e k _________________________________ 7 8 _ _ 13 2 6 _ _ 2 _2 w eeks ________________________________ 22 18 6 56 30 40 23 10 61 37 573 w eek s________________________________ 63 68 79 42 52 56 65 90 33 61 43O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks_________________ 2 1 12 - - 1 4 - - - -4 w eek s___ __________________________ _ 4 4 3 3 6 1 1 - 6 - -O ver 4 and under 5 w eek s_________________ - - - - - (9) 1 - - - -5 w eek s___ ___ _____________________ ____ - - - - - 1 - - - - -


1 week _______________ __________ ___ 7 8 _ _ 13 2 6 - - 2 -2 w eek s________________________________ 19 13 6 56 30 23 17 10 61 37 13O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s_________________ - - - - - 4 - - - - 123 w eek s________________________________ 66 74 79 42 52 68 71 90 33 61 74O ver 3 and under 4 w eek s_____________ 2 1 12 - - 1 4 - - - -4 w eek s------------------------------------ ------------------ 4 4 3 3 6 1 1 - 6 - -O ver 4 and under 5 w eek s________________ - - - - - (9 ) 1 - - - -5 w eek s________________________________ - - - " - 1 - - - - *

A fte r 15 y e a rs of se rv ic e

1 w e e k _________________________________ 7 8 _ _ 13 2 6 _ _ 2 _2 w eek s________________________________ 11 5 6 26 26 18 13 10 15 32 133 w eek s________________________________ 64 72 68 64 44 68 59 74 73 62 81O ver 3 and under 4 w eek s_________________ 2 4 - - - 2 8 - - - 14 w eek s________________________________ 10 8 14 10 17 9 12 16 13 4 5O ver 4 and under 5 w eek s_________________ 2 1 12 - - 1 2 - - - -5 w eek s_______________________ ______ 1 2 - - - 1 - - - - -


1 w e e k _________________________________ 7 8 _ _ 13 2 6 _ 2 _2 w eeks________________________________ 11 5 6 22 26 18 13 10 15 32 133 w eek s________________________________ 37 44 2 52 25 30 12 2 56 26 55O ver 3 and under 4 w eek s__________ _____ - - - - - 4 - - - - 124 w eek s________________________________ 37 36 80 22 32 43 62 83 22 40 20O ver 4 and under 5 w eek s_________________ 3 3 12 - - 1 4 - - - -5 w eek s_________________________ _______ 2 2 - 4 4 3 2 5 7 - -O ver 5 and under 6 w eek s_________________ - - - - - (9 ) 1 - - - -6 w eek s________________________________ 1 2 - - - - - - - - -

A fte r 25 y e a rs of se rv ic e

1 w eek ________________________________ 7 8 _ _ 13 2 6 _ 2 _2 w eek s--------------------------------------------------------- 11 5 6 22 26 18 13 10 15 32 133 w eek s________________________________ 18 13 2 43 25 24 12 2 46 26 394 w eek s________________________________ 43 53 32 31 32 39 47 22 32 40 47O ver 4 and under 5 w e e k s ________________ 3 1 17 - - 1 4 - - - 15 w eek s________________________________ 15 16 44 4 4 16 18 65 7 - -O ver 5 and under 6 w eek s_________________ 1 2 - - - (9 ) 1 - - - -6 w eek s________________________________ 1 2



2 5

T a b l e B - 5 . P a i d v a c a t i o n s ------C o n t i n u e d

(Percent of plantw orkers and o fficew orkers in a ll industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay p rovision s, Birm ingham , A la ., M arch 1973)

Plantw orkers O fficew orkersVacation policy A ll

industriesManu

facturingPublic

utilitiesW holesale

tradeR etailtrade

A llindustries

Manufacturing

Public utilitie s

'W holesaletrade


Amount of vacation pay 13— Continued

A fte r 30 y e a rs of serv ice

1 w eek ________________________________ 7 8 _ _ 13 2 6 _ _ 2 _2 w eeks_______________________________ 11 5 6 22 26 18 13 10 15 32 133 w eeks_______________________________ 18 13 2 43 25 24 12 2 46 26 394 weeks_______________________________ 40 53 16 18 32 32 47 8 23 40 40Over 4 and under 5 w eeks_________________ 2 1 12 - - 1 4 - - _ _

5 w eeks_______________________________ 18 16 65 17 4 24 18 80 16 - 7O ver 5 and under 6 w eeks_________________ 1 2 - . - (9 ) 1 _ - _ _

O ver 6 weeks _ 1 2 - - - - - - - -

Maximum vacation available

1 week _______________________________ 7 8 _ _ 13 2 6 _ _ 2 _2 w eeks_______________________________ 11 5 6 22 26 18 13 10 15 32 133 w eeks______ _______________________ 18 13 2 43 25 24 12 2 46 26 394 w eeks______________________ _______ 40 53 10 18 32 32 47 8 23 40 39O ver 4 and under 5 weeks_________________ 2 1 - . - 1 4 - - - -

5 w eeks_______________________________ 19 16 12 17 4 24 18 80 16 - 8O ver 5 and under 6 w eeks_________________ 1 2 70 - - (9 ) 1 - - - -

O ver 6 weeks ____________________ ___ 1 2 (9) 1

See foo tnotes at end o f ta b le s .


T a b l e B - 6 . H e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , a n d p e n s i o n p l a n s

(P e rcen t of p lan tw o rkers and o fficew o rk ers in a l l in d u str ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s em ployed in e s tab lish m en ts provid ing h ea lth , in su ran c e , or pension b en ef its , B irm in gh am , A la ., M arch 1973)

Type of benefit and financing 14

P lan tw o rkers Off i ce wo rk e r s

A llin d u str ie s

M anufacturing

Publicu t il it ie s

W holesaletrad e

R e ta iltrad e

A llin d u str ie s

M anufacturing

Publicu t il it ie s

W holesaletrad e

R e ta iltrad e F inance

A ll w o rk e rs_____________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

W orkers in e s tab lish m en ts prov id ing atle a s t 1 of the ben efits shown b e lo w _________ 92 94 99 86 98 95 100 99 93 100

L ife in s u r a n c e ___________________________ 88 93 100 88 75 96 94 100 93 88 100N oncontributory p la n s _________________ 68 81 83 40 34 62 89 88 29 27 59

A ccid en ta l death and d ism em berm en tin su ran ce_______________________________ 60 60 73 71 55 58 68 74 72 49 54

N oncontributory p lans 46 54 59 31 24 41 66 67 29 7 34S ick n ess and acc id en t in su ran ce or

s ic k le av e or both 15_____________________ 76 88 77 67 59 78 84 83 56 74 93S ick n ess and acc id en t in su ran ce 63 84 33 53 32 33 76 8 31 28 27

N oncontributory p la n s______________ 52 76 18 27 19 25 74 7 18 9 16S ick le av e (fu ll p ay and no

w aitin g period) 17 15 15 26 21 53 50 36 31 25 88S ick le av e (p a r t ia l pay or

w aiting period )_______________________ 11 7 37 15 13 2 43 12 35 1L o n g-term d is a b il ity in su ran ce__ ,________ 22 23 34 28 16 40 34 51 40 12 41

N oncontributory p la n s ________ j._______ 16 17 34 25 4 30 31 50 23 2 22H osp italiza tion in su ran ce ... l. 88 93 100 98 71 86 93 100 94 80 85

N oncontributory p lans 62 78 63 46 26 53 76 67 37 14 50S u rg ic a l in su ran ce 88 93 100 98 71 86 93 100 94 80 85

N oncontributory p la n s _________________ 62 78 63 46 26 53 76 67 37 14 50M ed ica l in su ran ce 84 88 96 98 66 83 92 96 92 64 85

N oncontributory p lans 59 74 59 46 26 52 75 64 35 14 50M ajo r m e d ic a l in su ran ce 76 81 73 93 62 91 91 93 81 66 100

N oncontributory p la n s ................................ 54 68 41 42 29 59 74 61 23 16 65D ental in su ran ce _ 2 2 6 - 3 1 3 - 2 -

N oncontributory p la n s _____________ 2 2 6 - - 1 3 - _ - -

R etirem en t pension- 66 74 71 58 49 74 76 73 58 56 81N oncontributory p lan s 58 69 65 38 36 63 70 72 35 32 69

See footnotes at end of tab le s .


F o o tn o tes

A l l of th ese s t a n d a rd foo tno tes m a y not a pp ly to th is bu l le t in .

1 S ta n da rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e th e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c lu s i v e of pay f o r o v e r t im e at r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k ly h o u r s .

2 T h e m e a n is com p u te d f o r eac h jo b by to ta l in g the e a r n in g s of a l l w o r k e r s and d iv id in g by the n u m b e r of w o r k e r s . Th e m e d ian d e s ig n a te s pos it io n — h a l f of the e m p lo y e e s s u r v e y e d r e c e i v e m o r e than the r a te show n ; h a l f r e c e i v e l e s s than the r a te shown . Th e m id d le r a n g e is d e f in e d by 2 r a t e s of pay ; a fou rth of the w o r k e r s e a r n l e s s than the l o w e r of th es e r a t e s and a fo u r th e a r n m o r e than the h igh e r ra te .

3 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , and la te sh i f ts .4 T h e s e s a l a r i e s r e l a t e to f o r m a l l y e s t a b l i s h e d m in im u m s t a r t in g (h i r i n g ) r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s that a r e p a id fo r s tan d a rd

w o r k w e e k s .5 E x c lu d e s w o r k e r s in s u b c l e r i c a l j o b s su ch a s m e s s e n g e r .6 D ata a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l s t a n d a rd w o r k w e e k s c o m b in e d , and f o r the m o s t c o m m o n s t a n d a rd w o r k w e e k s r e p o r t e d .7 In c lu d e s a l l p l a n t w o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s c u r r e n t ly o p e ra t in g la te sh i f t s , and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h o s e f o r m a l p r o v i s io n s c o v e r late

sh i f t s , e ven though the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w e r e not c u r r e n t ly o p e ra t in g la t e sh i f ts .8 L e s s than 0.05 p e r c e n t .9 L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t .10 A l l c o m b in a t io n s of fu l l and h a l f d ay s that add to the s a m e am ount a r e c o m b in e d ; f o r e x a m p le , the p ro p o r t io n of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g a

to ta l of 9 d ay s in c lu d e s those w ith 9 fu l l d ay s and no h a l f d a y s , 8 f u l l d a y s and 2 h a l f d a y s , 7 fu l l d a y s and 4 h a l f d a y s , and so on. P r o p o r t i o n s then w e r e c u m u la ted .

11 T h e s e d a y s a r e p ro v id e d a s p a r t o f a C h r i s t m a s —N e w Y e a r h o l id a y p e r i o d w h ic h t y p i c a l ly b e g in s w ith C h r i s t m a s E v e and ends with N e w Y e a r ' s D ay . Such a h o l id a y p e r i o d i s c o m m o n in the a u t o m o b i l e , a e r o s p a c e , and f a r m im p le m e n t in d u s t r i e s . B e c a u s e of y e a r - t o - y e a r v a r ia t io n in the n u m b e r of w o r k d a y s d u r in g the p e r i o d , pay f o r a Sunday in D e c e m b e r , f r e q u e n t ly r e f e r r e d to a s a "b o n u s h o l i d a y , " m a y be p r o v id e d to e q u a l i z e eac h y e a r ' s to ta l h o l id a y pay .

12 " F l o a t i n g " h o l id a y s v a r y f r o m y e a r to y e a r a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r o r e m p lo y e e c h o ice .13 In c lu d e s p a y m e n ts other than " l e n g th of t i m e , " such a s p e r c e n t a g e of ann ua l e a r n in g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t s , c o n v e r t e d to an equ iva len t

t im e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p le , 2 p e r c e n t of ann ua l e a r n in g s w a s c o n s id e r e d a s 1 w e e k ' s pay . P e r i o d s of s e r v i c e a r e c h o se n a r b i t r a r i l y and do not n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t in d iv id u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n ; f o r e x a m p le , c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t io n s at 10 y e a r s in c lu de c h a n g e s b e tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . E s t im a t e s a r e c u m u la t iv e . T h u s , the p r o p o r t io n e l i g i b l e f o r at l e a s t 3 w e e k s ' p ay a f t e r 10 y e a r s in c lu d e s th ose e l i g i b l e f o r at l e a s t 3 w e e k s ' p ay a f t e r f e w e r y e a r s of s e r v i c e .

14 E s t im a t e s l i s t e d a f t e r type o f b e n e f i t a r e f o r a l l p lan s f o r w h ic h at l e a s t a p a r t o f the cost is b o r n e b y the e m p lo y e r . "N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s " in c lude only th ose f in a n c e d e n t i r e ly by the e m p lo y e r . E x c lu d e d a r e l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d p la n s , su ch a s w o r k m e n ' s c o m p e n sa t io n , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , and r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t .

1 U n d u p l ic a t e d to ta l of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s i c k l e a v e or s i c k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y b e lo w . S ick l e a v e p lan s a r e l im i t e d to th ose w h ich d e f in i t e ly e s t a b l i s h at l e a s t the m in im u m n u m b e r of d a y s ' p a y that e ac h e m p lo y e e can expe c t . I n fo r m a l s i c k l e a v e a l l o w a n c e s d e t e rm in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s i s a r e e x c lu d e d .


.


A p p en d ix . O c cu p a tio n a l D es crip tio n s

The prim ary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau's wage surveys is to a s s is t its field staff in classify ing into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishment and from area to area . This perm its the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and in terarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishm ents or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field econom ists are instructed to exclude working superv isors; apprentices; learn ers; beginners; train ees; and handicapped, part-tim e, temporary, and probationary workers.

OFFICE

BILLER, MACHINE

P repares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electro- matic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, b illers , machine, are c lassified by type of machine, as follows:

B iller, machine (billing machine). Uses a special billing machine (combination typing and adding machine) to prepare bills and invoices from custom ers' purchase orders, in ternally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of p redetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry of n ecessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.

B iller, machine (bookkeeping machine). U ses a bookkeeping machine (with or without a typewriter keyboard) to prepare custom ers' bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on custom ers' ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit s lip s.

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR

Operates a bookkeeping machine (with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.

C lass A. Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles, and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand.

C lass B. Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, custom ers' accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, inventory control, etc. May check or a s s is t in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.

CLERK, ACCOUNTING

Perform s one or m ore accounting c lerical task s such as posting to reg iste rs and ledgers; reconciling bank accounts; verifying the internal consistency, com pleteness, and m athematical accuracy of accounting documents; assigning prescribed accounting distribution codes; examining and verifying for clerical accuracy various types of reports, lis t s , calculations, posting, etc.; or preparing simple or assistin g in preparing more complicated journal vouchers. May work in either a manual or automated accounting system .

The work requ ires a knowledge of c lerical methods and office practices and procedures which relates to the clerical processing and recording of transactions and accounting information. With experience, the worker typically becomes fam iliar with the bookkeeping and accounting term s and procedures used in the assigned work, but is not required to have a knowledge of the form al principles of bookkeeping and accounting.

CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued

Positions are c lassified into levels on the basis of the following definitions.C lass A. Under general supervision, perform s accounting clerical operations which

require the application of experience and judgment, for example, clerically processing complicated or nonrepetitive accounting transactions, selecting among a substantial variety of prescribed accounting codes and c lassification s, or tracing transactions through previous accounting actions to determine source of d iscrepan cies. May be assisted by one or more c la ss B accounting c lerks.

C lass B . Under close supervision, following detailed instructions and standardized procedures, perform s one or m ore routine accounting c lerical operations, such as posting to ledgers, card s, or worksheets where identification of items and locations of postings are clearly indicated; checking accuracy and com pleteness of standardized and repetitive records or accounting documents; and coding documents using a few prescribed accounting codes.

CLERK, FILE

F ile s , c la ss ifie s , and retrieves m aterial in an established filing system . May perform clerical and manual tasks required to maintain files. Positions are classified into levels on the basis of the following definitions.

C lass A . C la ssifie s and indexes file m aterial such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc., in an established filing system containing a number of varied subject m atter files . May also file this m aterial. May keep records of various types in conjunction with the files. May lead a sm all group of lower level file clerks.

C la ss B . Sorts, codes, and files unclassified m aterial by simple (subject matter) headings or partly c lassified m aterial by finer subheadings. P repares simple related index and cro ss-re feren ce aids. As requested, locates clearly identified m aterial in files and fo rwards m aterial. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files.

C la ss C . Perform s routine filing of m aterial that has already been c lassified or which is easily c lassified in a simple ser ia l c lassification system (e.g., alphabetical, chronological, or num erical). As requested, locates readily available m aterial in files and forwards m ateria l; and may fill out withdrawal charge. May perform simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files.

CLERK, ORDERReceives custom ers' o rders for m aterial or m erchandise by m ail, phone, or personally.

Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to custom ers; making out an order sheet listing the item s to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of item s on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating o{ custom er, acknowledge receipt of orders from custom ers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original o rders.

CLERK, PAYROLL

Computes wages of company employees and enters the n ecessary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating w orkers' earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as w orker's name, working days, tim e, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a s s is t paym aster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine.

NOTE: Since the la st survey in this area , the Bureau has (1) discontinuedthe electronics technicians classification from a single level to a three level

collecting data for Comptometer operators, (2) changed job, and (3) begun collecting data for warehousemen.

29Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

3 0

KEYPUNCH OPERATOR

Operates a keypunch machine to record or verify alphabetic and/or numeric data on tabulating card s or on tape.

Positions a re c la ssified into levels on the b asis of the following definitions.

C lass A. Work requires the application of experience and judgment in selecting procedures to be followed and in searching for, interpreting, selecting, or coding items to be keypunched from a variety of source documents. On occasion may also perform some routine keypunch work. May train inexperienced keypunch operators.

C la ss B . Work is routine and repetitive. Under close supervision or following specific procedures or instructions, works from various standardized source documents which have been coded, and follows specified procedures which have been prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be recorded. R efers to supervisor problems arisin g from erroneous item s or codes or m issin g information.

MESSENGER (Office Boy or Girl)

P erform s various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office m achines such as sea le rs or m ailers , opening and distributing m ail, and other minor c le rical work. Exclude positions that require operation of a motor vehicle as a significant duty.

SECRETARY

A ssigned as personal secre tary , norm ally to one individual. Maintains a close and highly responsive relationship to the day-to-day work of the supervisor. Works fa irly independently re ceiving a minimum of detailed supervision and guidance. Perform s varied c le r ical and secre taria l duties, usually including m ost of the following:

a. Receives telephone ca lls , personal ca lle rs , and incoming m ail, answ ers routine inquires, and routes technical inquiries to the proper persons;

b. E stab lish es, m aintains, and rev ise s the su perv isor's files;

c. Maintains the su p erv isor's calendar and m akes appointments as instructed;

d. Relays m essage s from supervisor to subordinates;

e. Reviews correspondence, mem orandum s, and reports prepared by others for the su p erv iso r 's signature to a ssu re procedural and typographic accuracy;

f. Perform s stenographic and typing work.

May also perform other c le r ica l and sec re taria l task s of comparable nature and difficulty. The work typically requ ires knowledge of office routine and understanding of the organization, program s, and procedures related to the work of the supervisor.

Exclusions

Not a ll positions that are titled "se c re tary " p o sse ss the above ch arac teristic s . Exam ples of positions which are excluded from the definition are as follows:

a. Positions which do not meet the "person al" secretary concept described above;

b. Stenographers not fully trained in sec re taria l type duties;

c. Stenographers serving as office a ss is tan ts to a group of profession al, technical, or m anagerial persons;

d. Secretary positions in which the duties are either substantially m ore routine or substantially more complex and responsible than those characterized in the definition;

e. A ssistant type positions which involve m ore difficult or m ore responsible technical, adm inistrative, supervisory, or specialized clerical duties which are not typical of sec re taria l work.

SECRETARY— Continued

NOTE; The term "corporate officer, " used in the level definitions following, re fers to those officials who have a significant corporate-wide policymaking role with regard to m ajor company activ ities. The title "vice p resid en t," though normally indicative of this role, does not in all c a se s identify such positions. Vice presidents whose prim ary responsibility is to act p e rsonally on individual ca se s or transactions (e.g ., approve or deny individual loan or credit actions; adm inister individual trust accounts; directly supervise a c le rical staff) are not considered to be "corporate o fficers" for purposes of applying the following level definitions.

C l a s s A

1. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that employs, in a ll, over 100 but fewer than 5,000 person s; or

2. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than the chairman of the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 5,000 but fewer than 25,000 p erson s; or

3. Secretary to the head, im mediately below the corporate officer level, of a m ajor segment or subsidiary of a company that employs, in a ll, over 25,000 person s.

C la ss B

1. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that employs, in a ll, fewer than 100 person s; or

2. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than the chairman of the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5,000 p erson s; or

3. Secretary to the head, im mediately below the officer level, over either a m ajor corporate-wide functional activity (e.g ., m arketing, research , operations, industrial re la tions, etc.) or a m ajor geographic or organizational segment (e.g ., a regional headquarters; a m ajor division) of a company that employs, in a ll, over 5,000 but fewer than 25,000 em ployees; or

4. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc. (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in a ll, over 5,000 person s; or

5. Secretary to the head of a large and important organizational segment (e.g ., a middle management supervisor of an organizational segment often involving as many as several hundred persons) or a company that employs, in a ll, over 25,000 p erson s.

C la ss C

1. Secretary to an executive or m anagerial person whose responsibility is not equivalent to one of the specific level situations in the definition for c la ss B, but whose organizational unit normally numbers at least several dozen employees and is usually divided into organ izational segm ents which are often, in turn, further subdivided. In some companies, this level includes a wide range of organizational echelons; in others, only one or two; or

2. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc*, (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in a ll, fewer than 5,000 p e rso n s.

C la ss D

1. Secretary to the supervisor or head of a sm all organizational unit (e.g ., fewer than about 25 or 30 persons); jor

2. Secretary to a nonsupervisory staff specia list, professional employee, adm inistrative o fficer, or assistan t, skilled technician or expert. (NOTE: Many companies assignstenographers, rather than secre tarie s as described above, to this level of supervisory or nonsupervisory worker.)

STENOGRAPHER

Prim ary duty i s to take dictation using shorthand, and to tran scribe the dictation. May also type from written copy. May operate from a stenographic pool. May occasionally tran scribe from voice recordings (if prim ary duty is transcrib ing from recordings, see Transcribing-M achine O perator, General).

NOTE: This job is distinguished from that of a secretary in that a secretary normally works in a confidential relationship with only one m anager or executive and perform s m ore responsible and discretionary task s as described in the secretary job definition.

Stenographer, General

Dictation involves a normal routine vocabulary. May maintain file s , keep simple record s, or perform other relatively routine c lerical task s.


31

Stenographer, SeniorDictation involves a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs

or reports on scientific research . May also set up and maintain files , keep record s, etc.OR

Perform s stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographer, general, as evidenced by the following: Work requires a highdegree of stenographic speed and accuracy; a thorough working knowledge of general business and office procedure; and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in perform ing stenographic duties and responsible c lerical task s such as maintaining followup files; assem bling m aterial for reports, memorandums, and le tters; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming m ail; and answering routine questions, etc.

SWITCHBOARD OPERATORC lass A . Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard handling incoming,

outgoing, intraplant or office ca lls . Perform s full telephone information service or handles complex ca lls , such as conference, collect, overseas, or s im ilar ca lls , either in addition to doing routine work as described for switchboard operator, c la ss B, or as a full-time assignm ent. ("F u ll" telephone information service occurs when the establishment has varied functions that are not readily understandable for telephone information purposes, e .g ., because of overlapping or interrelated functions, and consequently present frequent problems as to which extensions are appropriate for calls.)

C lass B . Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard handling incoming, outgoing, intraplant or office ca lls . May handle routine long distance calls and record tolls. May perform limited telephone information service . ("L im ited" telephone information service occurs if the functions of the establishment serviced are readily understandable for telephone information purposes, or if the requests are routine, e .g ., giving extension numbers when specific names are furnished, or if complex calls are referred to another operator.)

These c lassification s do not include switchboard operators in telephone companies who a ss is t custom ers in placing calls.

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTIn addition to performing duties of operator on a single-position or monitor-type switch

board, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or c lerical work may take the m ajor part of this w orker's time while at switchboard.

TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (Electric Accounting Machine Operator)Operates one or a variety of machines such as the tabulator, calculator, collator, inter

preter, sorter, reproducing punch, etc. Excluded from this definition are working superv isors. Also excluded are operators of electronic digital com puters, even though they may also operate EAM equipment.

STENOGRAPHER—Continued

Positions are c lassified into levels on the basis of the following definitions.

C lass A. Perform s complete reporting and tabulating assignm ents including devising difficult control panel wiring under general supervision. Assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex reports which often are irregular or nonrecurring, requiring some planning of the nature and sequencing of operations, and the use of a variety of m achines. Is typically involved in training new operators in machine operations or training lower level operators in wiring from diagram s and in the operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include positions in which wiring responsibility is limited to selection and insertion of prewired boards.

C lass B . P erform s work accbrding to established procedures and under specific instructions. Assignm ents typically involve complete but routine and recurring reports or parts of la rger and m ore complex reports. Operates m ore difficult tabulating or e lectrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sim pler machines used by c la ss C operators. May be required to do some wiring from d iagram s. May train new employees in basic machine operations.

C lass C. Under specific instructions, oper tes simple tabulating or e lectrical accounting machines such as the so rter, interpreter, reproducing punch, collator, etc. Assignments typically involve portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or repetitive operations. May perform simple wiring from diagram s, and do some filing work.

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL

P rim ary duty is to tran scribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-m achine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine is c lassified as a stenographer.

TYPIST

U ses a typewriter to make copies of various m aterials or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, m ats, or sim ilar m ateria ls for use in duplicating p ro cesses. May do c le rical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple record s, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming m ail.

C la ss A. Perform s one or more of the following: Typing m aterial in final form whenit involves combining m aterial from several sources; or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punctuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language m aterial; or planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form le tters , varying details to suit circum stances.

C la ss B . Perform s one or more of the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; or routine typing of form s, insurance policies, etc.; or setting up simple standard tabulations; or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly.

TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (Electric Accounting Machine Operator)—Continued

PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL

COMPUTER OPERATOR

Monitors and operates the control console of a digital computer to process data according to operating instructions, usually prepared by a program er. Work includes most of the following: Studies instructions to determine equipment setup and operations; loads equipment with required item s (tape ree ls , card s, etc.); switches n ecessary auxiliary equipment into circuit, and starts and operates computer; m akes adjustments to computer to correct operating problems and meet special conditions; reviews e rro rs made during operation and determines cause or re fers problem to supervisor or program er; and maintains operating record s. May test and a ss is t in correcting program .

For wage study purposes, computer operators are c lassified as follows:

C lass A. Operates independently, or under only general direction, a computer running program s with m ost of the following ch aracteristics: New program s are frequently tested and introduced; scheduling requirem ents are of critical importance to minimize downtime; the program s are of complex design so that identification of e rro r source often requires a working knowledge of the total program , and alternate program s may not be available. May give direction and guidance to lower level operators.

C lass B. Operates independently, or under only general direction, a computer running program s with most of the following ch aracteristics : Most of the program s are established production runs, typically run on a regularly recurring b asis; there is little or no testing

COMPUTER OPERATOR— Continued

of new program s required; alternate program s are provided in case original program needs m ajor change or cannot be corrected within a reasonable tim e. In common error situations, diagnoses cause and takes corrective action. This usually involves applying previously program ed corrective steps, or using standard correction techniques.

OROperates under direct supervision a computer running program s or segments of program s

with the ch aracteristics described for c la ss A. May a ss is t a higher level operator by independently perform ing le ss difficult task s assigned, and performing difficult task s following detailed instructions and with frequent review of operations perform ed.

C lass C . Works on routine program s under close supervision. Is expected to develop working knowledge of the computer equipment used and ability to detect problems involved in running routine program s. Usually has received some form al training in computer operation. May a ss is t higher level operator on complex program s.

COMPUTER PROGRAMER, BUSINESSConverts statements of business problem s, typically prepared by a system s analyst, into

a sequence of detailed instructions which are required to solve the problems by automatic data processing equipment. Working from charts or d iagram s, the program er develops the precise instructions which, when entered into the computer system in coded language, cause the manipulation


3 2

of data to achieve desired resu lts. Work involves m ost of the following: Applies knowledge ofcomputer capabilities, m athem atics, logic employed by com puters, and particular subject m atter involved to analyze charts and diagram s of the problem to be program ed; develops sequence of program steps; w rites detailed flow charts to show order in which data will be processed ; converts these charts to coded instructions for machine to follow; te sts and corrects program s; p repares instructions for operating personnel during production run; analyzes, review s, and alters program s to in crease operating efficiency or adapt to new requirem ents; maintains records of program development and revisions. (NOTE: Workers perform ing both system s analysis and programing should be c lassified as system s analysts if this is the skill used to determine their pay.)

Does not include employees prim arily responsible for the management or supervision of other electronic data processing employees, or program ers prim arily concerned with scientific and/or engineering problem s.

For wage study purposes, program ers are c lassified as follows:C lass A. Works independently or under only general direction on complex problems which

require competence in all phases of program ing concepts and p ractice s. Working from diagram s and charts which identify the nature of desired resu lts, m ajor processing steps to be accom plished, and the relationships between various steps of the problem solving routine; plans the full range of program ing actions needed to efficiently utilize the computer system in achieving desired end products.

At this level, program ing is difficult because computer equipment m ust be organized to produce several in terrelated but d iverse products from numerous and diverse data elements. A wide variety and extensive number of internal processing actions m ust occur. This requires such actions as development of common operations which can be reused, establishm ent of linkage points between operations, adjustments to data when program requirem ents exceed computer storage capacity, and substantial manipulation and re sequencing of data elements to form a highly integrated program .

May provide functional direction to lower level program ers who are assigned to a ss is t .C la ss B . Works independently or under only general direction on relatively simple

program s, or on simple segm ents of complex program s. Program s (or segments) usually p rocess information to produce data in two or three varied sequences or form ats. Reports and listings are produced by refining, adapting, arraying, or making minor additions to or deletions from input data which are readily available. While numerous records may be processed , the data have been refined in prior actions so that the accuracy and sequencing of data can be tested by using a few routine checks. Typically, the program deals with routine record-keeping type operations.

ORWorks on complex program s (as described for c la ss A) under close direction of a higher

level program er or supervisor. May a s s is t higher level program er by independently p erforming le s s difficult task s assigned, and perform ing m ore difficult task s under fa irly close direction.

May guide or instruct lower level program ers.C lass C . Makes p ractical applications of program ing practices and concepts usually

learned in form al training cou rses. Assignm ents are designed to develop competence in the application of standard procedures to routine problem s. Receives close supervision on new aspects of assignm ents; and work is reviewed to verify its accuracy and conformance with required procedures.

COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST, BUSINESSAnalyzes business problem s to formulate procedures for solving them by use of electronic

data processing equipment. Develops a complete description of all specifications needed to enable program ers to prepare required digital computer program s. Work involves m ost of the following: Analyzes subject-m atter operations to be automated and identifies conditions and criteria required to achieve satisfactory resu lts; specifies number and types of records, file s , and documents to be used; outlines actions to be perform ed by personnel and computers in sufficient detail for presentation to management and for program ing (typically this involves preparation of work and data flow charts); coordinates the development of test problem s and participates in tr ia l runs of new and revised system s; and recommends equipment changes to obtain m ore effective overall operations. (NOTE: Workers perform ing both system s analysis and program ing should be c la s sified as system s analysts if this is the skill used to determine their pay.)

Does not include employees prim arily responsible for the management or supervision of other electronic data processing em ployees, or system s analysts prim arily concerned with scientific or engineering problem s.

For wage study purposes, system s analysts are classified as follows:C la ss A. Works independently or under only general direction on complex problem s in

volving all phases of system s analysis. Problem s are complex because of diverse sources of input data and m ultiple-use requirem ents of output data. (For example, develops an integrated production scheduling, inventory control, cost an alysis, and sa le s analysis record in which

COMPUTER PROGRAMER, BUSINESS—Continued COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST, BUSINESS—Continued

every item of each type is automatically processed through the full system of records and appropriate followup actions are initiated by the computer.) Confers with persons concerned to determine the data processing problems and advises subject-m atter personnel on the im plications of new or revised system s of data processing operations. Makes recommendations, if needed, for approval of m ajor system s installations or changes and for obtaining equipment.

May provide functional direction to lower level system s analysts who are assigned to a ss is t .

C la ss B. Works independently or under only general direction on problems that are relatively uncomplicated to analyze, plan, program , and operate. Problem s are of limited complexity because sources of input data are homogeneous and the output data are closely related. (For example, develops system s for maintaining depositor accounts in a bank, maintaining accounts receivable in a retail establishm ent, or maintaining inventory accounts in a manufacturing or wholesale establishm ent.) Confers with persons concerned to determine the data processing problems and advises subject-m atter personnel on the im plications of the data processing system s to be applied.

ORWorks on a segment of a complex data processing scheme or system , as described for

c la ss A. Works independently on routine assignm ents and receives instruction and guidance on complex assignm ents. Work is reviewed for accuracy of judgment, compliance with instructions, and to insure proper alinement with the overall system .

C lass C . Works under immediate supervision, carrying out analyses as assigned, usually of a single activity. Assignm ents are designed to develop and expand practical experience in the application of procedures and sk ills required for system s analysis work. For example, may a s s is t a higher level system s analyst by preparing the detailed specifications required by program ers from information developed by the higher level analyst.

DRAFTSMANC lass A. Plans the graphic presentation of complex item s having distinctive design

features that differ significantly from established drafting precedents. Works in close support with the design originator, and may recommend minor design changes. Analyzes the effect of each change on the details of form , function, and positional relationships of components and p arts . Works with a minimum of supervisory a ssistan ce . Completed work is reviewed by design originator for consistency with prior engineering determinations. May either prepare drawings, or direct their preparation by lower level draftsm en.

C la ss B . P erform s nonroutine and complex drafting assignm ents that require the application of m ost of the standardized drawing techniques regularly used. Duties typically involve such work as: P repares working drawings of subassem blies with irregu lar shapes,multiple functions, and precise positional relationships between components; prepares arch itectural drawings for construction of a building including detail drawings of foundations, wall sections, floor plans, and roof. Uses accepted form ulas and manuals in making n ecessary computations to determine quantities of m ateria ls to be used, load capacities, strengths, s t re s se s , etc. R eceives initial instructions, requirem ents, and advice from supervisor. Completed work is checked for technical adequacy.

C la ss C . P repares detail drawings of single units or parts for engineering, construction, manufacturing, or repair purposes. Types of drawings prepared include isom etric projections (depicting three dimensions in accurate scale) and sectional views to clarify positioning of components and convey needed information. Consolidates details from a number of sources and adjusts or tran sposes scale as required. Suggested methods of approach, applicable precedents, and advice on source m ateria ls are given with initial assignm ents. Instructions a re le s s complete when assignm ents recur. Work may be spot-checked during p ro gress.

DRAFTSMAN- TRACER

Copies plans and drawings prepared by others by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawings and tracing with pen or pencil. (Does not include tracing limited to plans prim arily consisting of straight lines and a large scale not requiring close delineation.)

AND/ORP repares sim ple or repetitive drawings of easily visualized item s. Work is closely supervised during p ro gre ss.

ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN

Works on various types of electronic equipment and related devices by perform ing one or a combination of the following: Installing, maintaining, repairing, overhauling, troubleshooting, modifying, constructing, and testing. Work requ ires practical application of technical knowledge of e lectron ics principles, ability to determine malfunctions, and skill to put equipment in required operating condition.


3 3

The equipment— consisting of either many different kinds of circuits or multiple repetition of the same kind of circuit— includes, but is not limited to, the following: (a) Electronic tran smitting and receiving equipment (e .g ., rad ar, radio, television, telephone, sonar, navigational a ids), (b) digital and analog com puters, and (c) industrial and m edical m easuring and controlling equipment.

This classification excludes repairm en of such standard electronic equipment as common office'm achines and household radio and television sets; production assem blers and te ste rs ; worke rs whose prim ary duty is servicing electronic test instrum ents; technicians who have adm inistrative or supervisory responsibility; and draftsm en, d esigners, and professional engineers.

Positions are c lassified into levels on the basis of the following definitions.

C lass A. Applies advanced technical knowledge to solve unusually complex problems (i.e ., those that typically cannot be solved solely by reference to m anufacturers' manuals or sim ilar documents) in working on electronic equipment. Exam ples of such problems include location and density of circuitry , electro-m agnetic radiation, isolating m alfunctions, and frequent engineering changes. Work involves: A detailed understanding of the in terrelationships of circuits; exercising independent judgment in perform ing such tasks as making circuit analyses, calculating wave form s, tracing relationships in signal flow; and regularly using complex test instruments (e.g ., dual trace oscillo scopes, Q -m eters, deviation m eters, pulse generators).

Work may be reviewed by supervisor (frequently an engineer or designer) for general compliance with accepted practices. May provide technical guidance to lower level technicians.

C lass B . Applies comprehensive technical knowledge to solve complex problems (i.e ., those that typically can be solved solely by properly interpreting m anufacturers' manuals or sim ilar documents) in working on electronic equipment. Work involves: A fam iliarity withthe interrelationships of c ircuits; and judgment in determining work sequence and in selecting tools and testing instrum ents, usually le s s complex than those used by the c la ss A technician.

ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN—Continued

Receives technical guidance, as required, from supervisor or higher level technician, and work is reviewed for specific compliance with accepted practices and work assignm ents. May provide technical guidance to lower level technicians.

C la ss C . Applies working technical knowledge to perform simple or routine tasks in working on electronic equipment, following detailed instructions which cover virtually all procedures. Work typically involves such tasks as: A ssistin g higher level technicians byperform ing such activities as replacing components, wiring circu its, and taking test readings; repairing simple electronic equipment; and using tools and common test instruments (e.g., m ultim eters, audio signal generators, tube te ste r s , o scillo scopes). Is not required to be fam iliar with the interrelationships of c ircu its. This knowledge, however, may be acquired through assignm ents designed to increase competence (including classroom training) so that worker can advance to higher level technician.

R eceives technical guidance, a s required, from supervisor or higher level technician. Work is typically spot checked, but is given detailed review when new or advanced assignm ents are involved.

ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN—Continued

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (Registered)

A registered nurse who gives nursing serv ice under general m edical direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the prem ises of a factory or other establishm ent. Duties involve a combination of the following: Giving first aidto the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressin g of employees' in juries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and ca rry ing-out program s involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, w elfare, and safety of a ll personnel. Nursing supervisors or head n urses in establishm ents employing m ore than one nurse are excluded.

MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT

CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE

Perform s the carpentry duties n ecessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, crib s, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, s ta ir s , casin gs, and trim made of wood in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, m odels, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard m easuring instrum ents; m aking standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting m ateria ls n ecessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE

P erform s a variety of e lectrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generation, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves m ost of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of e lectr ica l equipment such as generators, tran sfo rm ers, switchboards, controllers, circuit b re ak e rs , m otors, heating units, conduit sy stem s, or other tran sm ission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layouts, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e lectrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirem ents of wiring or e lectrical equipment; and using a variety of e lectrician 's handtools and m easuring and testing instrum ents. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

ENGINEER, STATIONARY

Operates and m aintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or e lectrical) to supply the establishm ent in which employed with power, heat, refrigeration , or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipmentsuch as steam engines, a ir com p ressors, generators, m otors, turbines, ventilating and re fr ig erating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, tem perature, and fuel consumption. May also su pervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishm ents employing m ore than one engineer are excluded.

FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER

F ire s stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam . Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a m echanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a s s is t in repairing boilerroom equipment.

H ELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES

A ss ists one or m ore workers in the skilled maintenance trad es, by performing specific or general duties of le s se r sk ill, such as keeping a worker supplied with m aterials and tools; cleaning working a rea , machine, and equipment; a ssistin g journeyman by holding m aterials or tools; and perform ing other unskilled task s as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is perm itted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding m ateria ls and tools, and cleaning working a re as; and in others he is perm itted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also perform ed by w orkers on a full-tim e b a sis .

MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM

Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or m illing m achines, in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jig s , fix tures, or dies. Work involves m ost of the following: Planningand perform ing difficult machining operations; processing item s requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of precision m easuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling, and operation sequence; and making n ecessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite to lerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need d ressin g , to d re ss too ls, and to select proper coc.lants and cutting and lubricating o ils . For cross-in d ustry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this c lassification .

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE

Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of m etal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost of the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of m achinist's


34

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued

handtools and precision m easuring instrum ents; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of m etal parts to close to lerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common m etals; selecting standard m ate ria ls , p arts , and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assem bling parts into m echanical equipment. In general, the m achinist's work normally requ ires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (Maintenance)

R epairs autom obiles, buses, m otortrucks, and trac to rs of an establishm ent. Work involves most_of_the_foUowing: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; d isassem bling equipment and perform ing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, d rills , or specialized equipment in disassem bling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing the various assem b lies in the vehicle and making n ecessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

This c lassification does not include m echanics who repair custom ers' vehicles in automobile repair shops.

MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE

Repairs machinery or m echanical equipment of an establishm ent. Work involves m ost of the following; Examining machines and m echanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling m achines and perform ing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with item s obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for m ajor rep a irs; preparing written specifications for m ajor repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassem bling m achines; and making all n ecessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this c lassification are workers whose prim ary duties involve setting up or adjusting m achines.

MILLWRIGHT

Installs new m achines or heavy equipment, and dism antles and in stalls machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves m ost of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging: making standard shop computations relating to s t r e s se s , strength of m ate ria ls , and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power tran sm ission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the m illw right's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

PAINTER, MAINTENANCE

Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishm ent. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and in terstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May m ix colors, o ils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

P IPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE

Installs or repa irs water, steam , gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost of the following: Laying out of work and m easuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various s izes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting m achines; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to p re ssu re s , flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard te sts to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers prim arily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are excluded.

SH EET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE

F ab rica tes, in sta lls, and maintains in good repair the sheet-m etal equipment and fixtures (such as machine gu ard s, g rease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, m etal roofing) of an establishm ent. Work involves m ost of the following: Planning and laying out all types of sheet-m etal maintenance work from blueprints, m odels, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-m etal working m achines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; and installing sheet-m etal a rtic le s as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-m etal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

TOOL AND DIE MAKER

Constructs and repairs m achine-shop tools, gages, j ig s , fixtures or dies for forgings, punching, and other m etal-form ing work. Work involves m ost of the following; Planning and laying out of work from m odels, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die m ak er's handtools and precision m easuring instruments; understanding of the working properties of common m etals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making n ecessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of m achines; heat-treating of m etal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assem bling of parts to p rescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appropriate m ateria ls , tools, and p ro ce sse s . In general, the tool and die m ak er's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

For cross-in d ustry wage study purposes, tool and die m akers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this c lassification .

CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT

GUARD AND WATCHMEN

Guard. P erform s routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arm s or force where n ecessary . Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering.

Watchman. Makes rounds of p rem ises periodically in protecting property against fire , theft, and illegal entry.

JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER

Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washroom s, or p rem ises of an office, apartment house, or com m ercial or other establishm ent. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash , and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing m etal fix tures or trim m ings; providing supplies and minor maintenance serv ices; and cleaning la v a to r ie s , showers, and restroom s. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded.

LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING

A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store , or other establishment whose duties involve one or m ore of the following: Loading and unloading various m ateria ls and m erchandise on or from freight c a rs , trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing m ateria ls or m erchandise in proper storage location; and transporting m aterials or m erchandise by handtruck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded.

ORDER FILLE R

F ills shipping or tran sfer orders for finished goods from stored m erchandise in accordance with specifications on sa le s slip s, custom ers' o rd ers, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating item s filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing o rd e r s , requisition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties.


PACKER, SHIPPING

P repares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations perform ed being dependent upon the type, size , and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of item s in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various item s of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other m aterial to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded.

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK

P repares m erchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible for incoming shipments of m erchandise or other m ateria ls . Shipping work involves; A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation, and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping record s. May direct or a s s is t in preparing the m erchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctn ess of shipmentsagainst bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting dam aged goods; routing m erchandise or m aterials to proper departments; and maintaining n ecessary records and files.

For wage study purposes, workers are c lassified as follows:

Receiving clerkShipping clerkShipping and receiving clerk

TRUCKDRIVER

Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport m ateria ls, m erchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishm ents such a s: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishm ents, or between retail establishm ents and custom ers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical rep a irs, and keep truck in good working order. D river-salesm en and over-the-road drivers are excluded.

35

TRUCKDRIVER— Continued

For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are c lassified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (T rac to r-trailer should be rated on the basis of tra iler capacity.)

Truckdriver (combination of size s listed separately)Truckdriver, light (under IV2 tons)Truckdriver, medium (IV2 to and including 4 tons)Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, tra ile r type)Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra iler type)

TRUCKER, POWER

Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.

For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows:

Trucker, power (forklift)Trucker, power (other than forklift)

WAREHOUSEMAN

As directed, perform s a variety of warehousing duties which require an understanding of the establishm ent's storage plan. Work involves m ost of the following: Verifying m aterials(or m erchandise) against receiving documents, noting and reporting d iscrepancies and obvious dam ages; routing m aterials to prescribed storage locations; storing, stacking, or palletizing m aterials in accordance with prescribed storage methods; rearranging and taking inventory of stored m ateria ls; examining stored m aterials and reporting deterioration and damage; removing m aterial from storage and preparing it for shipment. May operate hand or power trucks in performing warehousing duties.

Exclude workers whose prim ary duties involve shipping and receiving work (see shipping and receiving clerk and packer, shipping), order filling (see order filler), or operating power trucks (see trucker, power).


A v a ila b le O n Request-

T h e following a r e a s a r e s u r v e y e d periodically for u s e in a d m i n i s t e r i n g the S e r v i c e C o n t r a c t A c t of 1965. C o p i e s of public r eleases a r e or will b e available at n o cost while supplies last f r o m a n y of the B L S regional offices s h o w n o n the b a c k cover.

A l a m o g o r d o — L a s C r u c e s , N. M e x .A l a s k a A l b a n y , G a .A m a r i l l o , T e x .Atlantic City, N.J.A u g u s t a , G a . — S.C.Bakersfield, Calif.B a t o n R o u g e , La.Biloxi, Gulfport, a n d P a s c a g o u l a , M i s s . B r i d g e p o r t , N o r w a l k , a n d S t a m f o r d , C o n n . C e d a r R a p i d s , I o w a C h a m p a i g n — U r b a n a , 111.C h a r l eston, S.C.Clarksville, Tenn., a n d H o p k i n s v i l l e , K y . C o l o r a d o Springs, Colo.C o l u m b i a , S.C.C o l u m b u s , G a — A l a .C o r p u s Christi, T e x .C r a n e , Ind.D o t h a n , A l a .D u l u t h — S u p e r i o r , M i n n — W i s .E l P a s o , T e x .E u g e n e — Springfield, O r e g .F a r g o — M o o r h e a d , N . D a k — M i n n . Fayetteville, N. C.F i t c h b u r g — L e o m i n s t e r , M a s s .F r e d e r i c k — H a g e r s t o w n , M d — Pa.— W . Va. F r e s n o , Calif.G r a n d F o r k s , N. D a k .G r a n d Island— H a s t i n g s , N e b r .G r e e n b o r o — W i n s t o n S a l e m — H i g h Point, N . C . H a r r i s b u r g , Pa.Knoxville, T e n n .

L a r e d o , T e x .L a s V e g a s , N e v .L o w e r E a s t e r n S h o r e , M d . — Va.M a c o n , Ga.M a r q u e t t e , E s c a n a b a , Sault Ste.M a r i e , M i c h .

M e l b o u r n e — Titusville— C o c o a , Fla.( B r e v a r d Co.)

M e r i d i a n , M i s s .M i d d l e s e x , M o n m o u t h , O c e a n , a n d S o m e r s e t

Cos., N.J.M o b i l e , Ala., a n d P e n s a c o l a , Fla. M o n t g o m e r y , Ala.Nashville, T e n n .N o r t h e a s t e r n M a i n eN o r w i c h — G r o t o n — N e w L o n d o n , C o n n .O g d e n , U t a h O r l a n d o , Fla.O x n a r d — S i m i Valley— V e n t u r a , Calif.P a n a m a C i t y , F l a .P o r t s m o u t h , N . H — M a i n e — M a s s .P u e blo, Colo.R e n o , N e v .S a c r a m e n t o , Calif.Santa B a r b a r a — Sa n t a M a r i a — L o m p o c , Calif. S h e r m a n — D e n i s o n , T e x .S h r e v e p o r t , La.Springfield— C h i c o p e e — H o l y o k e , M a s s . — C o n n . T o p e k a , K a n s .T u c s o n , Ariz.Vallejo— Fairfield— N a p a , Calif.W i l m i n g t o n , D e l — N . J — M d .Y u m a , Ariz.

R e p o r t s for the following s u r v e y s c o n d u c t e d in the prior y e a r but since discontinued a r e also available:

A l p e n a , Standish, a n d T a w a s City, M i c h . Asheville, N.C.Austin, T e x . *F o r t Sm i t h , A r k — Okla.G r e a t Falls, M o n t .

L e x i n g t o n , K y . * P i n e Bluff, A r k . Stockton, Calif. T a c o m a , W a s h . W i c h i t a Falls, T e x .

* E x p a n d e d to a n a r e a w a g e s u r v e y in fiscal y e a r 1973. S e e inside b a c k cover.

T h e twelfth a n n u a l r e port o n salaries for accountants, auditors, chief accountants, attorneys, job analysts, directors of p e r s o n n e l , b u y e r s , c h e m i s t s , engineers, engi n e e r i n g technicians, d r a f t s m e n , a n d clerical e m p l o y e e s . O r d e r as B L S Bulletin 1742, National S u r v e y of Professional, A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , T e c hnical, a n d Clerical P a y , J u n e 1971, 75 cents a copy, f r o m a n y of the B L S regional sales offices s h o w n o n tRe b a c k cov e r , or f r o m the S u p e r intendent of D o c u m e n t s , U.S. G o v e r n m e n t Printing Office, W a s h i n g t o n , D.C., 20402.

U. S. O O VE RNM INT PRINTING OFFICE: 1*73 - 74* - <28/ 02


A re a W a g e S u rv e y sA list of the latest available bulletins is p r e s e n t e d below. A directory of a r e a w a g e studies including m o r e limited studies c o n d u c t e d at the

r e q u e s t of the E m p l o y m e n t S t a n d a r d s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n of the D e p a r t m e n t of L a b o r is available o n request. Bulletins m a y b e p u r c h a s e d f r o m a n y of the B L S regional sales offices s h o w n o n the b a c k cover, or f r o m the Su p e r i n t e n d e n t of D o c u m e n t s , U.S. G o v e r n m e n t Printing Office, W a s h i n g t o n , D.C., 20402.

A r e a

A k r o n , Ohio, D e c . 1 9 7 2------------- .----- ----- _ -----------A l b a n y - S c h e n e c t a d y - T r o y , N.Y., M a r . 197 3 1--- ---- —A l b u q u e r q u e , N. M e x . , M a r . 1 9 7 3 -----------— -------------A l l e n t o w n — B e t h l e h e m — E a s t o n , P a . — N.J., M a y 1972 1 —Atlanta, G a . , M a y 1972 1-------------------------------------Austin, Tex., Dec . 1972 1------------------------------------B a l t i m o r e , M d . , A u g . 1972 1_________________________________B e a u m o n t — P o r t A r t h u r — O r a n g e , Tex., M a y 1 9 7 2 ----- —B i n g h a m t o n , N.Y., July 1 9 7 2 ________________________________B i r m i n g h a m , Ala., M a r . 197 3 *-----------------------------B o i s e City, Idaho, N o v . 1972 1_________ — --------- _ -------Bo s t o n , M a s s . , A u g , 1972 1____ _____________________________Buffalo, N.Y., Oct. 1972 1------------------------------------Burlington, Vt., D e c . 197 2 1_________________________________C a n t o n , Ohio, M a y 1972 1---- ------ -------------------------Char l e s t o n , W . V a . , M a r . 1972 * ---------------------------Charlotte. N.C., Jan. 1 9 7 3 ___________________________________C h a t t a n o o g a , T e n n . - G a . , Sept. 1972 1----------------- ---C h i c a g o , 111., J u n e 197 2--------------------------------------Cincinnati, O h i o — Ky.— Ind., F e b . 1 9 7 3 ---------------------Cleveland, Ohio, Sept. 1972 1--------------------------------C o l u m b u s , O h i o , . Oct. 1972 1_________________________________Dallas, T e x . , Oct. 1972 1------------- ----------------------D a v e n p o r t - R o c k Island— Mo l i n e , I o w a — 111., Feb . 1 9 7 3---D a y t o n , Ohio, D e c . 1 9 7 2__— ---------------------------------D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1 9 7 2 -------- — --------------------------D e s M o i n e s , Iowa, M a y 1972 1 -------------- ---------------Detroit, M i c h . , Feb . 1 9 7 2 -----------------------------------D u r h a m , N.C., A p r . 1 9 7 3 ------------------------------------F o r t L a u d e r d a l e — H o l l y w o o d a n d W e s t P a l mB e a c h , Fla . , A p r . 197 3-------------------------------------

F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , Oct. 1972 1-------------------------------G r e e n B a y , Wis., July 1972 1— — --------------------------Greenville, S.C., M a y 1 9 7 2 -----------— --- -----------------H o u s t o n , Tex., A p r . 1 9 7 2 ------------------------------------Huntsville, A l a . , Feb. 1 9 7 3 ----------------------------------Indianapolis, Ind., Oct. 1972 1__— --------------------------J a c k s o n , M iss., Jan. 1 9 7 3 — ___ — --------- -----------------Jacksonville, Fla., Dec. 1 9 7 2 --- ---------------------------K a n s a s City, M o . - K a n s . , Sept. 1 9 7 2 -----------------------L a w r e n c e — Haverhill, M a s s . — N.H., J u n e 1972 1________Lexington, Ky., N o v . 1972 1----------------------------------Little R o c k — N o r t h Little R o c k , Ark., July 1972 1-------L o s A n g e l e s — L o n g B e a c h a n d A n a h e i m — Santa A n a -G a r d e n G r o v e , Calif., Oct. 1972 1------------------------

Louisville, K y.— Ind., N o v . 197 2------------- ---------------L u b b o c k , T e x . , M a r . 1 9 7 3 -------------- --------------------M a n c h e s t e r , N.H., July 1972 1---- ----------------- -------M e m p h i s , T e n n . - A r k . , N o v . 1 9 7 2__________________________M i a m i , Fla . , N o v . 1972 1_______ __ — ------------------------M i d l a n d a n d O d e s s a , Tex., Jan. 1 9 7 3 ______ ___ ___________

Bulletin n u m b e r a n d price

1775-36. 40 cents1775-62, 55 cents1775-52, 4 0 cents1725-87, 35 cents1725-77, 45 cents1775-42, 4 0 cents1775-20, 75 cents1725-69, 30 cents1775-5. 4 5 cents1775-65, 55 cents1775-32, 50 cents1775-13, 75 cents1775-18, 65 cents1775-28, 50 cents1725-75, 35 cents1725-63, 35 cents1775-39, 4 0 cents1775-14, 55 cents1725-92, 70 cents1775-53, 50 cents1775-15, 75 cents1775-23, 55 cents1775-25, 75 cents1775-57, 4 0 cents1775-34, 40 cents1775-35, 40 cents1725-86, 35 cents1725-68. 40 cents1775-61, 35 cents

1775-64, 4 0 cents1775-24, 50 cents1775-1, 55 cents1725-66, 30 cents1725-79, 35 cents1775-48, 40 cents1775-27, 55 cents1775-44, 40 cents1775-31, 40 cents1775-17, 50 cents1725-81, 35 cents1775-22, 50 cents1775-2, 55 cents

1775-38, 75 cents1775-37, 40 cents1775-55, 40 cents1775-8, 55 cents1775-30, 4 0 cents1775-29, 55 cents1775-41, 35 cents

A r e aBulletin n u m b e r

a n d price

M i l w a u k e e , W i s . , M a y 197 2 1____ ____________________________M i n n e a p o l i s — St. Paul, M i n n . , J an. 1 9 7 3 ___________________M u s k e g o n — M u s k e g o n Heights, Mich., J u n e 1972 1 _______N e w a r k a n d J e r s e y City, N.J., Jan. 1 9 7 3 -----------------N e w H a v e n , C o n n . , J an. 197 3______ __ ______________________N e w O r l e a n s , La., J an. 1973 ____ ____________________________N e w Y o r k , N.Y., A p r . 1972 1__________________________________N o r f o l k - V i r g i n i a B e a c h — P o r t s m o u t h a n dN e w p o r t N e w s — H a m p t o n , V a . , J an. 1973 1---------------

O k l a h o m a City, O k l a . , July 1 9 7 2 ____________________________O m a h a , N e b r . — Iowa, Sept. 1 9 7 2 — __________________________P a t e r s on— Clifton— P a s s a i c , N.J., J u n e 1972 * -------------Philadelphia, P a . — N.J., N o v . 1 9 7 2--------------------------P h o e n i x , A r i z . , J u n e 197 2 1__ ________________________________Pittsburgh, P a . , J an. 1 9 7 2 __________ ________________________Portland, M a i n e , N o v . 1 9 7 2 __________________________________P o rtland, O r e g . — W a s h . , M a y 1972 1 ________________________P o u g h k e e p s i e — K i n g s t o n — N e w b u r g h , N.Y.,J u n e 1972 1 ______________________________________________________

P r o v i d e n c e — W a r w i c k — P awtucket, R. I.— M a s s.,

Raleigh, N.C., A u g . 1 9 7 2 _____________________________________R i c h m o n d , V a . , M a r . 197 2 1 __________________________________R i v e r s i d e — S a n B e r n a r d i n o - O n t a r i o , Calif.,

R o c h e s t e r , N . Y . (office o ccupations only), Jul y 1 9 7 2 ___Roc k f o r d , 111., J u n e 1972 1 ___________________________________St. L o u i s , M o . — 111., M a r . 1 9 7 2 _______________________________Salt L a k e City, Utah, N o v . 1972 1___________________________S a n Antonio, T e x . , M a y 1 9 7 2 _________________________________S a n Diego, Calif., N o v . 1 9 7 2 __________________________________S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , Calif., Oct. 1971 1 _______________S a n Jose, Calif., M a r . 1 9 7 2 ___________________________________S a v a n n a h , G a . , M a y 1972 1 -----------------------------------Scranton, P a . , Jul y 1 9 7 2 ______________________________________Seattle— Everett, W ash . , J an. 1 9 7 3 __________________________Sio u x F a l l s , S. D a k . , Dec. 1972 1 ____________________________S o u t h B e n d , Ind., M a r . 197 3__________________________________S p o k a n e , W a s h . , J u n e 1972 1__________________________________S y r a c u s e , N.Y., July 1972____________________________________T a m p a ^ S t . P e t e r s b u r g , Fla . , A u g . 1 9 7 2 -------------------Toledo, O h i o — M i c h . , A p r . 1 9 7 3 ------------------------------T r e n t o n , N . J . , Sept. 1972 1____________________________________Utica— R o m e , N.Y., July 1 9 7 2 _________________________________W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . — M d . — V a . , M a r . 1972 1 __________________W a t e r b u r y , C o n n . , M a r . 1 9 7 3 _________________________________W a t e r l o o , Iowa, N o v . 1 9 7 2 ___________________________________Wichita, K a n s . , A p r . 1972 1___________________________________W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . . M a y 1972 1_______________________________Y o r k , P a . , Feb. 1 9 7 3 __________________________________________Y o u n g s t o w n — W a r r e n , Ohio, N o v . 197 2_____________________

1725-83, 45 cents1775-49, 55 cents1725-85, 35 cents1775-50, 55 cents1775-46, 40 cents1775-47, 40 cents1725-90, 50 cents

1775-51, 50 cents1775-6, 45 cents1775-16, 40 cents1725-88, 4 0 cents1775-45, 55 cents1725-94, 55 cents1725-46, 40 cents1775-21, 40 cents1725-89, 35 cents

1725-80, 35 cents

1725-70, 30 cents1775-7, 45 cents1725-72, 35 cents

1775-60, 65 cents1775-4, 45 cents1725-84, 35 cents1725-61, 35 cents1775-33, 50 cents1725-67, 30 cents1775-40, 40 cents1725-33, 50 cents1725-65, 30 cents1725-73, 35 cents1775-10, 45 cents1775-56, 40 cents1775-43, 40 cents1775-54, 40 cents1725-91, 35 cents1775-11, 4 5 cents1775-9, 45 cents1775-63, 4 0 cents1775-12, 55 cents1775-3, 45 cents1725-93, 70 cents1775-58, 40 cents1775-26, 4 0 cents1725-82, 35 cents1725-71, 35 cents1775-59, 40 cents1775-19, 40 cents

lData on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented.


U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS WASHINGTON, D.C. 20212

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

BUREAURegion I

1603 JFK Federal BuildingGovernment CenterBoston, Mass. 02203Phone: 223-6761 (Area Code 617)ConnecticutMaineMassachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont

Region V8th Floor, 300 South Wacker DriveChicago, III. 60606Phone: 353-1880 (Area Code 312)IllinoisIndianaMichiganMinnesotaOhioWisconsin

POSTAGE AND FEES PAIDU. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

LAB-441

THIRD CLASS MAIL

OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICESRegion II

1515 BroadwayNew York, N.Y. 10036Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212)New Jersey New York Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Region IIIP.O. Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: 597-1154 (Area Code 215) DelawareDistrict of ColumbiaMarylandPennsylvaniaVirginiaWest Virginia

Region IV Suite 5401371 Peachtree St. N.E.Atlanta, Ga. 30309Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404)AlabamaFloridaGeorgiaKentuckyMississippiNorth CarolinaSouth CarolinaTennessee

Region VI Regions VII and VIII Regions IX and X1100 Commerce St. Rm. 6B7 Federal Office Building 450 Golden Gate Ave.Dallas, Tex. 75202 911 Walnut St. . 15th Floor Box 36017Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214) Kansas City, Mo. 64106 San Francisco, Calif. 94102Arkansas Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816) Phone: 556-4678 (Area CodeLouisiana VII VIII IX XNew Mexico Iowa Colorado Arizona AlaskaOklahoma Kansas Montana California IdahoTexas Missouri North Dakota Hawaii Oregon

Nebraska South Dakota Nevada WashingtonUtahWyoming


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