blueberry bud mite...blueberry bud mite (bbm) •eriophyid mite •2 pairs of legs close to the head...
TRANSCRIPT
Update on Bud Mites, Blueberry Gall Midge & Chilli Thrips
Oscar E. Liburd
Professor of Small Fruits and Vegetable Entomology
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611
Blueberry bud mite (BBM)
• Eriophyid mite
• 2 pairs of legs close to the head
• Microscopic (200 μm)
• Tapers toward the dorsal part of
the abdomen
• Transparent /colorless to whitish
• Attack primarily Vaccinium spp.
Life History & Description • Mites overwinter under bud scales or in protected sites
near the host plant
• Adults emerge at bud break during spring
• Eggs, Protonymphs, Deutonymphs, & Adults
• A female can lay up to 200 eggs during its lifetime.
• In north-central Florida population peaks around February-March
Symptoms of BBM Infestations
• Swollen bud scales
• Buds appear reddened &
rosetted
• Reduced fruit set
Symptoms of BBM Infestations Cont’d
Evaluation of Post-harvest Acaricides for Control of BBM
• Envidor® 2 CS (Spirodiclofen)
• Agri-Mek® 1.8 EC (Abamectin)
• Thionex® 3 EC (Endosulfan)
• Water (Control)
- Southern highbush cv Farthing
- RCBD with 4 reps
-CO2 sprayer, application date Oct 14 * Observation of flower bud damage & BBM density during 2009/10 season
Effect of Acaricides on the Percentage of Flower buds Infected with BBM
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% f
low
er b
ud
s in
fect
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control Envidor Agri-Mek Thiodan
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Effect of Acaricides on the Population of BBM
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ud
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Findings and Assessment of Miticides
• All of the miticides reduced the population of BBM and the number of flower buds infected compared with the control
• Overall Endosulfan was the most effective acaricide in reducing the percentage of flower buds infected with BBM
• Envidor was the second most effective acaricide in reducing BBM infestation
• Agri-Mek performance was not significantly different to Envidor in reducing BBM infestation
Management of BBM
• Pruning and removal of older infected branches
• Post-harvest application of acaricides - Endosulfan and horticultural oils,
• Envidor was evaluated through the IR-4 program ~ 3-4 yrs ago and registration is pending.
• Endosulfan will be phased out globally 2015
• Portal (78) (fenpyroximate) is a miticide that will be going through the IR-4 program during 2014-2015 [Nichino America Inc.]
Blueberry gall midge
• Dasineura oxycoccana Johnson
• Pupae overwinter in soil
• Adult females lay eggs in developing buds
• Up to 80% yield loss
Injury resulting from blueberry gall midge
New shoot damage
Ovary necrosis & Larvae in flower bud
Monitoring for BGM
• Bucket emergence trap • Clear panel trap
Cook et al. 2011
Modified panel trap
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26-Jan 2-Feb 9-Feb 16-Feb 23-Feb 1-Mar
Ave
rage
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rvae
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Ave
rage
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lts
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Sampling dates
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buds
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Mean Number of Blueberry Gall Midge per Trap & Larvae per Bud (2012)
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8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb
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rvae
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Sample date
bucket
panel
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Mean Number of Blueberry Gall Midge per Trap & Larvae per Bud (2013)
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18-48 34-64 51-81 4-34 16-46
Lane Row
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bc
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ab
a20122013
18-48 34-64 51-81 4-34 16-46
Distance from bush (cm)
Nu
mb
er o
f ad
ult
s ca
ptu
red
in 3
-4 w
eek
s
In lane In row
In rows
Between rows
Captures of BGM in Bucket traps in Rabbiteye Blueberries
Between rows
Management of BGM
• Weekly monitoring of BGM population in the field
• Application of Insecticides
- Delegate (Spinetoram)
- Malathion
- Entrust (Spinosad)
• Parasitoids
• Most common genera:
- Platygaster (flower buds)
- Aprostocetus (leaf buds)
Chilli Thrips (Adult & Larvae)
Adults are about 1.2 mm (0.05) inches long
Da
rk w
ing
s
Flower thrips
Chilli thrips
Symptoms of Chilli Thrips Infestation
• Severe leaf curling in heavy infestation
• Implicated in
transmission of a few virus diseases • Tomato Spotted
Wilt Virus (TSWV ) and Yellow Spot Virus in peanuts
Symptoms of Chilli Thrips Infestation
Bronzing
Shoot Die-back
Insecticide Management Program
• Spinosyns
Delegate 3.5
Entrust (organic) 3.0 • Neonicotinoids
Assail (Acetamiprid) 4.0
Imidacloprid (Admire) 3.5 – 4.0
• Organophosphates
Malathion 2.5 – 3.0
Imidan (Phosmet) 2.5 – 3.0
Weekly monitoring (scouting of blueberry planting)
Acknowledgements
• Florida Blueberry Growers Association
• Staff (post-Docs & Graduate Students)
• USDA-NIFA Pest Management Program
• Florida growers that allowed us to conduct research on their farms
Oscar E. Liburd http://liburd/fruitnvegipm/index.htm [email protected]