. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013; 13: 117.. Publicado en Internet el 29 de mayo 2013 doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-117PMCID: PMC3672068Efectos de extractos de hongos y de achicoria en la forma, la fisiologa y el proteoma de las cariognicos bacteria Streptococcus mutansCaterina Signoretto , 1 Anna Marchi , 1 Anna Bertoncelli , 1 Gloria Burlacchini , 1 Alberto Milli , 1 Francesco Tessarolo , 2 Iole Caola , 3 Adele Papetti , 4 Carla Pruzzo , 5 Egija Zaura , 6 Peter Lingstrm , 7 Itzhak Ofek , 8 David A Spratt , 9 Jonathan Pratten , 9 Michael Wilson , 9 y Pietro Canepari 1autor correspondienteInformacin Autor notas Artculo Informacin de copyright y licencia Ir a:AbstractoFondo

La caries dental es una enfermedad infecciosa que resulta de la desmineralizacin cida del esmalte de los dientes y de la dentina como consecuencia de la placa dental (una biopelcula microbiana) de acumulacin. La investigacin demostr que varios alimentos contienen algunos componentes con actividad antibacteriana y antiplaca. Estudios previos indicaron actividades antimicrobianas y anti-placa en una baja masa molecular (LMM) fraccin de extractos de cualquiera de un hongo comestible ( Lentinus edodes ) o del italiano achicoria roja ( Cichorium intybus ).

Mtodos

Hemos evaluado el modo de accin antimicrobiana de estas fracciones en Streptococcus mutans , el agente etiolgico de las caries dentales humanos. Se analizaron los efectos sobre la forma, la sntesis de macromolculas y proteoma celular.

Resultados

La mejor actividad antimicrobiana ha sido mostrada por el extracto de hongo LMM con un efecto bacteriosttico. En el MIC de ambos extractos de la sntesis de ADN fue la principal sntesis macromolecular inhibido, la sntesis de RNA fue menos inhibido que el de ADN y la sntesis de protenas se inhibi slo en aproximadamente un 50%. La inhibicin parcial de la sntesis de protenas es compatible con el aumento significativo observado en la masa de clulas. El aumento de estos parmetros est vinculada a la alteracin morfolgica con la transicin de cocos del control sin tratar a las clulas alargadas. Curiosamente, estas modificaciones tambin se observaron a concentraciones sub-MIC. Por ltimo, la membrana y el anlisis del proteoma citosol se llev a cabo en virtud de LMM setas tratamiento con extracto en comparacin con los no tratados S . mutans clulas. Se observaron cambios significativos durante 31 protenas de membrana y 20 de las fracciones de citosol. Se discute el posible papel de las protenas modificadas.

Conclusiones

Este informe ha mostrado un modo de antibitico como de la accin de extractos de hongos y de achicoria como se demuestra por los efectos morfogenticos inducidos y la inhibicin de la sntesis macromolecular especfico. Esta caracterstica, as como el uso seguro de este extracto como resultado de su origen natural hacen que el LMM tanto de hongos y los extractos de achicoria adecuados para la formulacin en productos para la higiene bucal diaria, tales como enjuagues bucales o pastas de dientes.

Palabras clave: Streptococcus mutans , caries dentales, compuestos anticaries, componentes de los alimentos

. Fitoterapia2004 Dic; 75 (7-8) :737-9.Antibacterialactividad deCichorium intybus.Petrovic J,Stanojkovic A,Comic Lj,Curcic S.Informacin sobre el autorAbstractoAntibacterianoactividad de los extractos de agua, etanol y acetato de etilo deCichorium intybusfue investigado.Todos los extractos ensayados mostraronantibacterianoactividad, el extracto de acetato de etilo es el ms activo.Extracto acuoso inhibe Agrobacterium radiobacter sp.Agrobacterium, Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas fluorescens y P. aeruginosa.FitoterapiaVolume 75, Issues 78, December 2004, Pages 737739

M: Food Microbiology & SafetyAntimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities ofCichorium IntybusRoot Extract Using Orthogonal Matrix Design1. Haitao Liu1,2. Quanzhen Wang1,*,3. Yuyan Liu1,4. Guo Chen1,5. Jian Cui2

Haitao Liu, Quanzhen Wang, Yuyan Liu, Guo Chen, Jian Cui. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Cichorium Intybus Root Extract Using Orthogonal Matrix Design. Journal of Food Science Volume 78, Issue 2, pages M258M263, DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.12040. Article first published online: 6 FEB 2013

Abstract: Solvent, impregnation time, sonication repetitions, and ultrasonic power were important factors in the process of ultrasound-assisted extraction from chicory (Cichorium intybus) root, while there were no studies about optimizing these 4 factors for extract yield, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activity of the extracts using orthogonal matrix design. The present research demonstrated that the solvent composition played a signicant role in the improving extract yield, TPC, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. The other 3 factors had inequable effect on different purposes, ultrasonic power could improve TPC and antioxidant activity , but long time of extraction lowered antioxidant activity . The TPC increased from 22.34 to 27.87 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/100 g (dry extracts) with increasing solvent polarity . The half inhibition concentration (IC50, g/mL) of the radical scavenging activity of the chicory extracts ranged from 281.00 to 983.33 g/mL. The content of caffeoylquinic acids of root extract, which was extracted by the optimal combination was 0.104%. Several extracts displayed antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella typhi, while Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. resisted against all the extracts. Combination of 70% ethanol v/v, 24-h impregnation time, 3 sonication rounds, and 300-W ultrasonic input power was found to be the optimal combination for the chicory extract yield, TPC, antioxidant activity , and antibacterial activity .

Resumen: Solvente , tiempo de impregnacin , las repeticiones de sonicacin , y la potencia de ultrasonidos fueron factores importantes en el proceso de extraccin asistida por ultrasonido de la achicoria ( Cichorium intybus ) raz, mientras que no se realizaron estudios sobre la optimizacin de estos 4 factores para el rendimiento del extracto , el contenido de fenoles totales ( TPC ) , antioxidante , antibacteriano , y la actividad antifngica de los extractos utilizando diseo de la matriz ortogonal . La presente investigacin demostr que la composicin del disolvente juega un papel signicativa en el rendimiento mejora extracto , TPC , antioxidante , y actividades antibacterianas . Los otros 3 factores tuvieron efecto inigualable en diferentes propsitos , el poder de ultrasonido podra mejorar TPC y la actividad antioxidante , pero mucho tiempo de extraccin redujeron la actividad antioxidante. El TPC aument 22,34 a 27,87 mg GAE ( equivalentes de cido glico ) / 100 g ( extractos secos ) con el aumento de la polaridad del disolvente . La concentracin de inhibicin media ( CI50 , g / ml ) de la actividad de eliminacin de radicales de los extractos de achicoria vari 281,00 a 983,33 g / ml . El contenido de cidos caffeoylquinic de extracto de raz , que se extrajo por la combinacin ptima era 0,104 % . Varios extractos muestran actividad antibacteriana frente a Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus thuringiensis , Bacillus subtilis , y Salmonella typhi , mientras Penicillium sp . y Aspergillus sp . resistido contra todos los extractos. Combinacin de 70 % de etanol v / v , 24 - h tiempo de impregnacin , 3 rondas de sonicacin , y la potencia de entrada de ultrasonidos 300 - W se encontr que era la combinacin ptima para el rendimiento de extracto de achicoria , el TPC , la actividad antioxidante , y la actividad antibacteriana .

Granada

Pomegranate pericarp extract enhances the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL) and metallo--lactamase (MBL) producing Gram-negative bacilli Diganta Deya,b, Sukalyani Debnatha, Sudipta Hazraa, Subhalakshmi Ghosha, Ratnamala Rayb, Banasri Hazraa,, aDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India bDepartment of Microbiology, Ashok Laboratory Clinical Testing Centre Private Limited, Kolkata 700068, India

Food and Chemical ToxicologyVolume 50, Issue 12, December 2012, Pages 43024309

Abstract

A methanolic extract of Punica granatum (pomegranate) fruit pericarp (PGME) was tested in combination with ciprofloxacin against extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and metallo--lactamase (MBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which were screened for their resistance profile against fluoroquinolone antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin and PGME, alone, were determined, and synergy of ciprofloxacinPGME combinations evaluated by checkerboard assay and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). Nineteen out of forty-nine strains exhibited synergy with ciprofloxacin (FIC of 0.1250.5 for ciprofloxacin) further verified by agar-well assay. This could be due to the bacterial efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) activity of the polyphenolic constituents of PGME. However, the isolates exhibiting a high level of ciprofloxacin resistance did not respond to ciprofloxacinPGME combinations, which could be due to target site modification not influenced further by EPI activity of PGME. Again, some strains were sensitive or weakly resistant to ciprofloxacin, which exhibited indifference to the combination, probably due to a lack of over-expressed efflux mechanism. Thus, a synergy of a ciprofloxacinPGME combination was demonstrated for the first time against ESBL- and MBL-producing Gram-negative bacilli, and the efficacy of an existing drug improved with the help of an inexpensive alternative therapy.

Un extracto metanlico de Punica granatum ( granada ) pericarpio del fruto ( PGME ) fue probada en combinacin con la ciprofloxacina contra amplio espectro -lactamasas (BLEE ) Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae, y metalo - -lactamasas (MBL ) que produce Pseudomonas aeruginosa, que fueron seleccionados por su perfil de resistencia a los antibiticos de fluoroquinolona . Las concentraciones mnimas inhibitorias ( CMI) de ciprofloxacino y PGME , solo, se determinaron , y la sinergia de combinaciones de ciprofloxacina - PGME evaluaron mediante el ensayo de tablero de ajedrez y la concentracin inhibitoria fraccional ( FIC ) . Diecinueve de los cuarenta y nueve cepas mostraron sinergia con ciprofloxacina (FIC de 0,125-,5 para ciprofloxacina ) an verificado por el ensayo de agar pocillos. Esto podra ser debido a la inhibidor de la bomba de eflujo de la actividad bacteriana ( PAI) de los constituyentes polifenlicos de PGME . Sin embargo , los aislamientos que muestran un alto nivel de resistencia a la ciprofloxacina no respondieron a las combinaciones ciprofloxacina PGME , lo que podra deberse a apuntar modificacin sitio no influenciados adems por la actividad del PAI de PGME . Una vez ms , algunas cepas eran sensibles o dbilmente resistentes a la ciprofloxacina , la cual exhibi ' indiferencia ' a la combinacin , probablemente debido a la falta de mecanismo de flujo de salida de sobre-expresado . Por lo tanto , una sinergia de una combinacin de ciprofloxacina - PGME se demostr por primera vez en contra de ESBL y MBL productoras de bacilos Gram-negativos , y la eficacia de un medicamento existente mejorado con la ayuda de una terapia alternativa de bajo costo.

Food ChemistryVolume 123, Issue 2, 15 November 2010, Pages 400403

Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities of standardised pomegranate rind extract P. Panichayupakarananta,b,,, S. Tewtrakula,b, S. Yuenyongsawada aDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand bPhytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand

AbstractAntibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities of standardised pomegranate rind extract (SPRE) containing 13% w/w ellagic acid were studied in vitro. The antibacterial activity of SPRE was determined using the disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. SPRE exhibited a potent bacteriostatic effect against Propionibacterium acnes, a Gram-positive anaerobe, with a MIC of 15.6 g/ml, and Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with MICs of 7.815.6 g/ml. Anti-inflammatory activity of SPRE was evaluated by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production by murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. SPRE exhibited a potent NO inhibitory effect, with an IC50 of 10.7 g/ml. Evaluation of the anti-allergic activity showed that SPRE inhibited the release of -hexosaminidase from antigen-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells with an IC50 of 20.9 g/ml. In addition, SPRE exhibited only moderate cytotoxicity on human keratinocyte cells, with CC50 of 33.6 g/ml. These findings support the potential use of SPRE as a nutraceutical for antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic proposes.abstractoAntibacteriano , anti -inflamatorias y anti- alrgicas actividades de extracto de cscara de granada estandarizado ( SPRE ) que contiene 13 % w / w de cido elgico se estudiaron in vitro. La actividad antibacteriana de SPRE se determin utilizando la difusin en disco y los mtodos de microdilucin de caldo . SPRE exhibi un efecto bacteriosttico potente contra Propionibacterium acnes , un anaerobio Gram -positivos, con una CIM de 15,6 mg / ml, y las bacterias anaerobias facultativas Gram- positivas, Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus epidermidis , con CIM de 7,8 a 15,6 mg / ml. La actividad anti - inflamatoria de SPRE se evalu midiendo la inhibicin de la xido ntrico ( NO) por las clulas RAW264.7 similares a macrfagos murinos . SPRE exhibi un potente efecto inhibidor , con una IC50 de 10.7 g / ml . Evaluacin de la actividad anti - alrgica mostr que SPRE inhibe la liberacin de - hexosaminidasa de leucemia basfila de rata estimulada por antgeno ( clulas RBL - 2H3 ) con una IC50 de 20.9 g / ml . Adems , SPRE exhibi slo citotoxicidad moderada en clulas de queratinocitos humanos , con CC50 de 33,6 g / ml . Estos resultados apoyan el uso potencial de SPRE como un nutracutico para antibacteriano , antiinflamatorio y propone antialrgico.

International Journal of Food MicrobiologyVolume 134, Issue 3, 15 September 2009, Pages 244248

Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate (Punica granatumL.) fruit peels N.S. Al-Zoreky, Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, P.O. Box 420, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia

AbstractFood-borne diseases such as listeriosis and diseases caused by the emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens (e.g.Staphylococcus aureus) are globally recognized as environmental hazards to the food supply and human health. Natural inhibitors for pathogenic microorganisms have been explored in many plants. The antimicrobial activity against some food-borne pathogens by various extracts from pomegranate fruit peels was evaluated using bothin vitro(agar diffusion) andin situ(food) methods. The 80% methanolic extract of peels (WME) was a potent inhibitor forListeria monocytogenes,S. aureus,Escherichia coliandYersinia enterocolitica.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of WME againstSalmonella enteritidiswas the highest (4mg/ml). WME afforded >1 log10reduction ofL. monocytogenesin food (fish) during storage at 4C. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of active inhibitors in peels, including phenolics and flavonoids. The activity of WME was related to its higher content (262.5mg/g) of total phenolics.

abstractoEnfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos , como la listeriosis y las enfermedades causadas por la aparicin de patgenos resistentes a mltiples medicamentos (por ejemplo, Staphylococcus aureus) son reconocidos mundialmente como los riesgos ambientales para el suministro de alimentos y la salud humana . Inhibidores naturales para los microorganismos patgenos se han explorado en muchas plantas . La actividad antimicrobiana frente a algunos patgenos transmitidos por los alimentos por diversos extractos de la piel del fruto de la granada se evalu utilizando tanto in vitro ( difusin en agar ) e in situ los mtodos (la comida) . El extracto metanlico 80 % de las cscaras ( WME ) era un potente inhibidor de Listeria monocytogenes, S. aureus , Escherichia coli y Yersinia enterocolitica . La concentracin inhibitoria mnima (CIM ) de WME contra la Salmonella enteritidis fue la ms alta ( 4 mg / ml ) . WME otorgada > 1 log10 de L. monocytogenes en los alimentos ( pescado) durante el almacenamiento a 4 C. Anlisis fitoqumicos revelaron la presencia de inhibidores activos en las cscaras , incluyendo compuestos fenlicos y flavonoides . La actividad de WME estaba relacionada con su contenido ms alto ( 262,5 mg / g) de fenoles totales .

Food Chem.2013 Jun 1;138(2-3):1810-8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.100. Epub 2012 Dec 5.Effects of various pressing programs and yields on the antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, phenolic content and colour of pomegranate juices.Trkylmaz M,Ta ,Dereli U,zkan M.Author informationAbstractPomegranate juice (PJ) samples were produced with three different pressing programs: (1) 1.2-4.8 bar for 25 min, (2) 1.2-2.4 bar for 15 min and (3) 1.2-1.8 bar for 5.5 min. Respective juice yields were 39.2%, 33.2% and 27.2%. Effects of pressing pressure-time and yield on total phenolic (TP) content, condensed tannin (CT) content, monomeric anthocyanin (MA) content, antioxidant activity (AOA) and antimicrobial activity (AMA) of the samples were determined. Strong positive linear correlations were found between the pressing pressure with AOA (r=0.973) and TP content (r=0.979), while negative logarithmic correlations were found between pressing pressure with the contents of CT (r=-0.778) and MA (r=-0.955). Among 12 microorganisms tested, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Staphyloccocus aureus and Pseudomonas sp. were found to be sensitive to juice samples. However, increasing pressing pressure and yield did not lead to a significant change on the AMAs of the juices.Copyright 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.PMID:23411313[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

. Food Chem.2013 Jun 1; 138 (2-3) :1810-8.doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.100.Epub 2012 05 de diciembre.Efectos de los diferentes programas urgentes y los rendimientos de la actividad antioxidante, actividad antimicrobiana, contenido fenlico y el color de los zumos de granada.Trkylmaz M,TAGI ,Dereli U,zkan M.Informacin sobre el autorAbstractoEl jugo de granada (PJ) muestras fueron producidos con tres programas apremiantes diferentes: (1) 1.2 a 4.8 bar durante 25 minutos, (2) 1.2 a 2.4 bar durante 15 min y (3) 1.2 a 1.8 bar para 5,5 min.Rendimientos de zumo respectivos fueron 39,2%, 33,2% y 27,2%.Efectos de la pulsacin de presin-tiempo y la rentabilidad de los fenoles totales (TP) de contenido, taninos condensados (TC) el contenido, la antocianina monomrica (MA) el contenido, la actividad antioxidante (AOA) y la actividad antimicrobiana (AMA) de las muestras fueron determinados.Correlaciones lineales positivas fuertes se encontraron entre la presin de prensado con AOA (r = 0,973) y el contenido de TP (r = 0,979), mientras que se encontraron correlaciones negativas entre logartmicas presin de prensado con el contenido de TC (r = -0,778) y MA (r = -0,955).Entre 12 microorganismos ensayados, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomonas sp.se encontr que eran sensibles a las muestras de jugo.Sin embargo, el aumento de presin de prensado y el rendimiento no dio lugar a un cambio significativo en los AMA de los jugos.Copyright 2012 Elsevier Ltd. Todos los derechos reservados.PMID:

J Med Food.2013 May;16(5):467-70. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0233. Epub 2013 Apr 30.Inhibition of foodborne pathogens by pomegranate juice.Haghayeghi K,Shetty K,Labb R.Author informationAbstractPomegranates have health-promoting benefits because of their polyphenol constituents. Previous studies have demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and organic extracts of pomegranate components and by-products. We sought to determine the antimicrobial activity against 40 foodborne pathogens representing eight bacterial species using juice itself. In addition, we sought to determine the synergistic antimicrobial activity between pomegranate juice and other plant products displaying antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of pomegranate juice was dependent on the test organism, which varied to highly susceptible (four Gram-positive species) to unaffected (Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7). Two Gram-negative species, which were inhibited were Helicobacter pylori and Vibrio parahemolyticus. No synergistic antimicrobial activity was seen between pomegranate and either barberry, oregano, or cranberry. The antimicrobial activity of pomegranate juice is dependent on the test organism and extraction method. The sensitivity of H. pylori suggests that pomegranate juice may be an alternative or supplemental treatment for gastric ulcers caused by this organism.

Foodborne Pathog Dis.2012 Jun;9(6):573-8. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1046.Antibacterialeffects of plant-derived extracts on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Su X,Howell AB,D'Souza DH.Author informationAbstractNatural chemicals have been reported to haveantibacterialeffects against a variety of bacteria. The present study evaluated theantibacterialeffects of commercially available grape-seed extract (GSE), pomegranate polyphenols (PP), and lab-prepared cranberry proanthocyanidins (C-PAC) against two strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). GSE, PP, and C-PAC at concentrations of 2 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, or controls were mixed with equal volumes of overnight cultures of MRSA at ~6 log colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and incubated for 0, 1, 2, 8, and 24 h at 37C. Treatments were neutralized/stopped using tryptic soy broth containing 3% beef extract. Serial dilutions of the treated MRSA strains and controls were spread-plated on trypticase soy agar and incubated for 24-48 h at 37C and colonies were counted. Among the three testedagents, GSE at 1 and 5 mg/mL was found to be most effective against MRSA, resulting in a 2.9-4.0 log CFU/mL reduction of both strains after 2 h at 37C. PP at 1 and 5 mg/mL was found to cause 1.1-2.3 log CFU/mL reduction, while C-PAC at 1 mg/mL caused